Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600139 (Prostate Cancer)
 4,540 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of Synacthen (beta1-24-corticotrophin) on plasma testosterone and 4-androstene-3, 17-dione concentrations in untreated patients with prostatic carcinoma, and in patients receiving endocrine therapy is described. An established specific radioimmunoassay was used for the measurement of testosterone, and a radioimmunoassay for 3-androstene-3,17-dione using thin layer chromatography has been developed. Administration of Synacthen resulted in a fall in testosterone in untreated patients, but a rise in 4-androstene-3,17-dione was observed. The plasma concentration of testosterone in all treated patients increased after administration of Synacthen. An increased concentration of plasma 4-androstene-3,17-dione was also observed in these treated patients after Synacthen, but the magnitude of the response was not significantly different from that of untreated patients. The work provides further evidence that in the patient being treated with oestrogen for carcinoma of the prostate a rise in plasma testosterone concentration will result from an increased secretion of ACTH.
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PMID:The effect of ACTH on plasma testosterone and androstenedione concentrations in patients with prostatic carcinoma. 17 67

Locally recurrent, poorly differentiated carcinoma of the prostate was associated with hypokalemic alkalosis, marked hypernatremia, diabetes mellitus of recent onset, and hyperosmolar syndrome. These findings, with mild hypertension, in the absence of clinical features of Cushing's syndrome, suggested an ectopic ACTH syndrome. Plasma ACTH and cortisol levels were markedly elevated, and failed to suppress in response to either low or high-dose dexamethazone administration. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. Autopsy findings included carcinoma extensively infiltrating the prostate with extension to the urinary bladder, and metastases confined to the pelvic nodes and soft tissues. The adrenal glands weighed 23 g and showed diffuse hyperplasia. Extract of the prostatic tumor was analyzed for ACTH and showed approximately 40 times normal plasma levels (or about 4,010 pg/g of tissue); ultrastructural features showed secretory granules consistent with ACTH content of the tumor cells. Such cells were positive when stained for ACTH by peroxidase-tagged immunochemical methods. The case fulfills all established criteria for relating excess corticosteroid production and nonpituitary tumors.
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PMID:Ectopic ACTH, prostatic oat cell carcinoma, and marked hypernatremia. 19 43

This report details clinical and pathologic aspects of a patient with small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the prostate and systemic hyperglucagonemia. A panel of potential serologic markers was evaluated in order to document additional evidence of ectopic hormonal production. Immunocytochemical markers were sought in tissue samples from the primary neoplasm and a lung metastasis. Stains were positive for corticotropin (ACTH) and gastrin in both the prostate and in the lung, but no evidence of excess secretion was documented. These findings are consistent with the notion that neuroendocrine activity is common in undifferentiated small cell carcinomas, regardless of their site of origin.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the prostate. 184 67

Over 90% of malignant epithelial tumors of the prostate are common carcinomas. Uncommon or rare prostate carcinomas can histogenetically be related to 4 epithelial types of the prostate: the secretory epithelium, the basal cells, the endocrine cells and the transitional epithelium. The rare, purely mucinous carcinoma and the ductal papillary carcinoma belong to the type of secretory epithelium. The latter is rarely seen in the large central prostatic ducts, it develops more frequently in peripheral ducts and is combined with common prostate carcinoma. The so-called endometrioid carcinomas of the utriculus described in the literature are probably ductal prostate carcinomas. To date no carcinoma has been found in the utriculus. The adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate is a basal cell tumor with preponderantly good prognosis. Endocrine cells are disseminated in most common prostate carcinomas. Thereby mixed forms showing both portions of a common adenocarcinoma and of a carcinoid may occur. Pure carcinoids of prostate are rare findings. The small cell carcinoma of the prostate is the highly malignant variant of the endocrine cell type. Immunohistochemically, a multitude of proteohormones are demonstrable in endocrine tumor cells. The ectopic ACTH production with Cushing's syndrome is of particular clinical significance.
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PMID:Unusual prostatic carcinomas. 217 8

The xenograft line, UCRU-PR-2, has been characterized further. Established from a primary human undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the prostate, it has been maintained as a stable xenograft line in nude mice and is currently in passage 9. The tumor has maintained the features of small cell undifferentiated carcinoma but shows epithelial as well as neuroendocrine characteristics. In this paper, we describe synthesis and secretion of peptide hormones, ACTH, beta-endorphin and somatostatin in vivo and ACTH and beta-endorphin in vitro by the tumor, UCRU-PR-2. This suggests that the gene for proopiomelanocortin is expressed and that processing of the molecule occurs. This line may yield insights into the histogenesis of the subtypes of prostate cancer, and also aid studies of regulation of ectopic hormone production.
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PMID:Ectopic hormone production by a prostatic small cell carcinoma xenograft line. 283 15

Unusual lung tumors are not simply pathological curiosities. They demonstrate features of major significance in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Six of these tumours are discussed: (1) Carcinosarcoma is rarely found in the lung. The histogenis of the lesion is unclear and the prognosis is poor. (2) Only three cases of pleomorphic adenoma have previously been described. Differentiation from other "mixed tumours" of the lung is essential. (3) A rare case of bronchial adenoma producing ectopic ACTH is described. Early recognition of these polypeptide hormone-secreting tumours is stressed. (4) Oat cell carcinoma with the myasthenic (Eaton-Lambert) syndrome shows the clinical features which should permit early tumour diagnosis. The hazards of muscle relaxants must be recognized. (5) Prostatic carcinoma with endobronchial metastases is is discussed. The importance of localization of the primary tumour is emphasized. (6) An example of double primary carcinoma is presented. The rarity of this finding may be related to the poor prognosis of patients with bronchogenesis carcinoma.
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PMID:Unusual tumours of the lung. 631 Feb 66

Ectopic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion accounts for less than 10% of all causes of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) and is usually associated with neuroendocrine tumors and small cell carcinoma of the lung. We report the case of a 62-year-old man with CS due to ectopic ACTH production by small cell carcinoma of the prostate. He presented with severe hypercortisolism and associated symptoms. Plasma neuron specific enolase (NSE) was grossly elevated. Despite performing a laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy, the patient died as a result of sepsis with multi-organ failure. Post-mortem immunohistochemical staining of prostate tumor tissue showed ACTH expression. ACTH staining was also performed in four additional patients with small cell carcinoma of the urinary tract without CS. None of these additional cases showed a positive staining for ACTH. Although a rare cause of ectopic ACTH production, neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma should be considered in male patients with Cushing's syndrome, in particular in those with an occult source of ACTH overproduction.
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PMID:Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production by (neuroendocrine) prostate carcinoma. 1832 2

A 75-year-old man was hospitalized because of severe hypokalaemia due to ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome. Total body computed tomography (TBCT) and 68 Gallium DOTATATE PET/CT localized a voluminous prostate tumour. A subsequent transurethral prostate biopsy documented a small cell carcinoma positive for ACTH and calcitonin and negative for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) at immunocytochemical study; serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was normal. Despite medical treatments, Cushing's syndrome was not controlled and the patient's clinical condition progressively worsened. Surgical resection was excluded; the patient underwent a cycle of chemotherapy followed by febrile neutropenia and fatal intestinal perforation. This case report describes a rare case of Cushing's syndrome and hypercalcitoninaemia due to a small cell carcinoma of the prostate, a rare tumour with very few therapeutic options and negative prognosis.
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PMID:Unusual Cushing's Syndrome and Hypercalcitoninaemia due to a Small Cell Prostate Carcinoma. 2804 10

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare yet aggressive form of breast cancer. We examined differences in patient demographics and outcomes in IBC compared to locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and all other breast cancer patients from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Data Quality and Patterns of Care Study (POC-BP), containing information from cancer registries in seven states. Out of 7,624 cases of invasive carcinoma, IBC and LABC accounted for 2.2% (N = 170) and 4.9% (N = 375), respectively. IBC patients were more likely to have a higher number (P = 0.03) and severity (P = 0.01) of comorbidities than other breast cancer patients. Among IBC patients, a higher percentage of patients with metastatic disease versus nonmetastatic disease were black, on Medicaid, and from areas of higher poverty and more urban areas. Black and Hispanic IBC patients had worse overall and breast cancer-specific survival than white patients; moreover, IBC patients with Medicaid, patients from urban areas, and patients from areas of higher poverty and lower education had worse outcomes. These data highlight the effects of disparities in race and socioeconomic status on the incidence of IBC as well as IBC outcomes. Further work is needed to reveal the causes behind these disparities and methods to improve IBC outcomes.
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PMID:Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities Are More Pronounced in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Than Other Breast Cancers. 2889 67