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Query: UMLS:C0600139 (Prostate Cancer)
 4,540 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 25 patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) T3 and in a comparative group of 18 patients with BPH the serum enzymes of AP, tartrate labile AP, LDH, and iso-LDH were investigated simultaneously in basal conditions and after standardized transrectal prostatic biopsy. AP, PAP as well as LDH were shown to be of small diagnostic aid. The reaction of serum enzyme levels following the standardized prostatic biopsy was the same in both CaP and BPH patients. In studying LDH-isoenzymes, we found that the third fraction was elevated in almost all patients. This change is apparently not of prostatic origin, and we could not attribute it to the concomitant diseases found in some patients.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate. II. Serum activity of acid phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, LDH and its isoenzymes. 53 79

A silver colloid technique for the staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was applied to paraffin sections of 52 clinical prostate cancers, 5 incidental carcinomas of the prostate, 12 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) specimens and 7 normal prostates. The mean numbers of silver-stained NORs (AgNORs) in these lesions were 3.12 +/- 0.52 in clinical cancer, 2.65 +/- 0.64 in incidental cancer, 1.66 +/- 0.16 in BPH, and 1.76 +/- 0.22 in normal prostate. There was a statistically significant difference in agNORs numbers between cancer and benign prostatic tissues (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in AgNORs numbers between incidental and clinical carcinoma of the prostate. In clinical cancer, only poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a statistically larger number of AgNORs than the well or moderately differentiated group (p < 0.02). Correlation between AgNORs numbers and clinical stage was not obvious. There was no relationship between the number of AgNORs and serum values of tumor markers such as PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm. Moreover, the AgNORs numbers did not show a relation to decreasing rates of serum marker levels during successful anti-androgen therapy. If the patients with prostate cancer were divided into two groups by 2.9 of AgNORs number, the group with the smaller number of AgNORs (n = 14) was found to have a tendency towards a longer disease-stabilizing period than the larger group (n = 17).
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in prostate cancer. 128 98

The prevalence of neural elements in prostatic carcinoma and their effects on the behavior of the lesion have recently been recognized. Recent reports suggest that chromogranin-A- and neuron-specific enolase-expressing tumors have an earlier progression and a lower response rate to hormonal therapy. The extreme presentation of this tumor is presumed to be small cell carcinoma of the prostate. This bombesin-secreting tumor, which has a characteristic clinical picture of early visceral involvement, wide-ranging metastases, and a relatively low rate of expression of PSA and PAP, is highly responsive to chemotherapy. The relatively high rate of expression of neural elements in primary prostatic carcinoma is discordant with the low frequency of clinical small cell carcinoma of the prostate. In order to account for these differences, one can assume that neural elements may play a role in the progression of this disease by either developing their own neoplastic process (small cell carcinoma of the prostate) or, in the majority of cases, causing paracrine progression of the tumor. Bombesin is typically secreted by small cell carcinoma of the lung and possibly by the prostate. It has been shown to be a growth factor mediating the progression of this disease in a number of experiments. Preclinical data demonstrate increased invasiveness and increased proliferation associated with bombesin in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. Based on the hypothesis that neural peptides may be important mediators of androgen-independent growth of prostatic carcinoma as well as predicting poor prognosis, inhibition of these factors may represent a therapeutic strategy of relevance for the treatment of patients with prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:The inhibition of the paracrine progression of prostate cancer as an approach to early therapy of prostatic carcinoma. 133 63

Prostate carcinoma is usually highly responsive to initial endocrine therapy. However, when relapse occurs, the subsequent clinical course is very poor. In this study, we tried to reveal the clinical aspects of bone-related relapse in 392 patients who received endocrine therapy for prostate carcinoma. In 17 stage B patients who had relapsed, 76% experienced relapse within 4 years following the start of treatment, 76% within 3 years in 27 stage C patients, and 71% within 2.5 years found in 45 stage D patients. Pre-treatment levels of serum enzymes and initial response of the primary lesion and of serum enzymes failed to predict relapse. The Gleason sum tended to be correlated with relapse. In particular, patients with a Gleason sum of 9-10 had a lower non-relapse rate during the follow-up period than patients with lower sums. With the recent use of more sophisticated measurements of PSA and/or PAP, the reduction rate or interval to normalization of the markers must be more relevant to predicting relapse.
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PMID:Clinical study of bone-related relapse in prostate carcinoma. 149 22

On the basis of 150 patients (16 controls with no disease of the prostate, 96 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 38 cases of carcinoma of the prostate (CP)), the authors intended to answer 3 questions: How can the borderline values of PSA in BPH be interpreted? Is there a correlation between the Gleason and PSA values in carcinomas? Should the simultaneous measurements of PSA and PAP be continued? All patients were examined with a rectal touch, transrectal echography (TRE) and PAS and PAP assays. All CP were examined with bone radionuclide scanning (BR). The correlation coefficient being 0.391 (p 0.001), the PSA value and prostatic weight can be regarded as linearly correlated in BPH (5 g BPH = 1 ng/ml PSA). This lower value of PSA is linked with the increase produced by TRE in the assessment of prostatic weight. On the other hand, the authors did no observe a correlation between the PSA and the Glisson grade in carcinomas with negative BR. Lastly, the sensitivity of PSA is noticeably higher than that of PAP (75% vs. 50%), and no false negative finding with PSA was corrected by PAP measurements.
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PMID:[Clinicopathologic and biological correlations (PSA-PAP) in pathology of the prostate. Apropos of 150 cases]. 169 82

The first interim report of this multicentre prospective clinical trial to compare the efficacy of 'Zoladex' versus 'Zoladex' + flutamide in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate furnishes evidence of a reduction of the incidence of tumour flare within the first 4 weeks of therapy. The combination of 'Zoladex' and flutamide produced an earlier response in tumour markers (TAP, PAP) only. The combination, however, had no effect on subjective and objective response rates and had a negative effect on time to treatment failure. Flutamide produces a significant increase in toxicity and withdrawals due to toxicity. This interim analysis indicates that the continued administration of flutamide in combination with 'Zoladex' has no significant clinical benefit over that of 'Zoladex' alone. Further follow-up is required to determine whether combination treatment has any effect on time to treatment failure and survival.
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PMID:'Zoladex' versus 'Zoladex' plus flutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. First interim analysis of an international trial. International Prostate Cancer Study Group. 252 37

Over a period of four years 352 patients suspected of having a carcinoma of the prostate were investigated and 463 cytological and 343 histological examinations were undertaken. In 340 cases the cytological findings on transrectal aspiration biopsy according to Franzen [14] were compared with the histological findings on transperineal punch biopsy. This comparison showed an accuracy of 64.5% and if the PAP III findings were included, of 76.6% in diagnosing prostatic carcinoma by the cytological method. Since the majority of cases were first biopsies and a repeat biopsy was not made in view of the positive punch findings, the chances of detecting a carcinoma of the prostate by aspiration biopsy alone theoretically increase to almost 90%. The reasons for failures in concurrence of findings by the two methods are discussed.
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PMID:[The accuracy of transrectal aspiration biopsy in routine diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma]. 746 60

Clinically benign, whole untrimmed prostates were obtained from 104 patients at autopsy, completely sectioned, and examined microscopically. The histological and gross findings of the prostate were correlated with premortem prostatic acid phosphatase levels (PAP, enzymatic method, ACA, Dupont Co.) to determine how often carcinoma of the prostate (CAP) affected PAP levels and to identify other findings within the prostate associated with elevated PAP levels. Sixty (58%) prostates did not have CAP, 34 (33%) had CAP smaller than 1 ml in volume, and 10 (10%) had CAP larger than 1 ml in volume. PAP levels were elevated (greater than 1 U/L) in 8 of 60 (13%) prostates without CAP, in 2 of the 34 (6%) prostates with CAP smaller than 1 ml, and in 1 of the 10 (10%) prostates with CAP larger than 1 ml. These differences were not statistically significant. Likewise, a statistically significant correlation between PAP levels and patient age, patient race, severe inflammation, of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was not found. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between PAP levels and prostate weight (p < 0.0001). This study suggest that PAP cannot distinguish between patients with clinically undetected CAP and patients without CAP. Furthermore, elevated PAP levels are often not due to metastatic CAP and additional evidence should be present, even in patients with known CAP, before an elevated PAP level is considered to be conclusive evidence of metastatic CAP.
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PMID:Prostatic acid phosphatase levels (enzymatic method) from completely sectioned, clinically benign, whole prostates. 861 55

Eighteen previously untreated patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate were treated with LHRH analogue. They were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of glandular differentiation. In all groups, a transient rise of PAP and PSA was observed after the LH and testosterone surge. However, relative values of LH, testosterone, PAP and PSA did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. These facts suggest that a transient rise of PAP and PSA is caused by testosterone surge independently from the degree of glandular differentiation after LHRH analogue administration in patients with advanced prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Changes in serum levels of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue administration in patients with metastatic prostatic cancer in relation to glandular differentiation. 872 45

Prostate carcinoma occurs infrequently in patient less than 50 years old with an incidence of 0.8% to 1.1%. In literature are described less than 20 cases occurred in younger men (< 40 years old). A 36 year-old man with a two-months history of lower back pain, anorexia and loss of weight, showed at clinical examination a mild enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes and right inferior leg and scrotus edema. CT scan demonstrated marked enlargement and fusion of pelvic, inguinal, sacral and periaortic nodes with a pelvic mass that caused local ureterohydronephrosis and obstruction of the urinary flow. X-rays showed osteoblastic metastases. At total body scintigram were observed fixation areas corresponding to lumbar metamers, pelvis, thigh bones, left humeral head, left acromioclavicular articulation and multiple ribs. Tumor markers resulted negative except prostate specific antigen (PSA: 500 mgr/ml) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP: 208 U/l); prostate biopsy showed an undifferentiated carcinoma. The patient was submitted to right percutaneous nephrostomy, chemotherapy (PEB, cisplatinum, etoposide and bleomycin for 6 cycles) and ormonotherapy (LHRH analogues) reporting a clinical partial response. After 6 months the disease progressed and was started a second line chemotherapy. After 18 months from diagnosis patient is still alive with progressing disease. Our patient represents, with respect to many features, an original clinical case of prostate carcinoma occurring in young age, for the atypical association of an undifferentiated carcinoma with high levels of PSA and PAP and with osteoblastic-pattern of bone metastases. Further studies would be useful to identify new risk factors for development of prostate cancer in young men in order to achieve early diagnosis.
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PMID:Atypical case of metastatic undifferentiated prostate carcinoma in a 36 years old man: clinical report and literature review. 1114 22


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