Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600139 (Prostate Cancer)
 4,540 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In instances of metastatic tumor from an unknown primary site, it is important to isolate those cases which are attributable to prostatic carcinoma. Immunoperoxidase localization of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) would be useful in this regard if it were reliably detectable in prostatic carcinoma. We have studied 15 specimens from 14 patients with carcinoma of the prostate by immunoperoxidase techniques. The presence of PSA correlates with the Gleason grade. All cases of Gleason grade 9 or less demonstrated strong staining for PSA. Of the seven specimens with a Gleason grade 10, only four (57%) demonstrated significant staining, while two were entirely devoid of PSA. PSA is thus useful when it is present, but the absence of PSA in a poorly differentiated tumor of undetermined origin does not unequivocally rule out the possibility of a prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunoperoxidase localization of prostate-specific antigen. 618 83

Adenoid cystic carcinoma occurs most commonly in the major and minor salivary glands, but also has been recognized in numerous other locations. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate gland is, however, extremely uncommon with only two other reported cases. The authors have studied a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate with immunoperoxidase staining for both prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen, which have been shown to be specific for normal prostatic epithelium and prostatic carcinoma. The negative staining for these antigens in this tumor distinguishes adenoid cystic carcinoma from the usual acinic adenocarcinomas of the prostate, and suggests an origin from periurethral glands or metaplastic urethral mucosa.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate. A case report with immunoperoxidase staining for prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen. 619 1

Critical analysis of the evidence supporting the use of prognostic markers is needed for these to be used most appropriately in patient management. The College of American Pathologists recently sponsored a national conference to review the status of tumor markers for carcinomas of the breast, colon, and prostate gland. The conclusions of the Prostate Cancer Working Group are presented in this report. Currently, the TNM (Tumor, Lymph Node, Metastasis) staging system, histologic grading (Gleason system), and serum prostate-specific antigen are recommended for general use as prognostic markers in prostate cancer. Data support the use of DNA ploidy analysis in specific clinical settings, although general use is not currently recommended. The Working Group concluded that other markers do not have sufficient support in the literature to recommend routine use at the present time.
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PMID:College of American Pathologists Conference XXVI on clinical relevance of prognostic markers in solid tumors. Report of the Prostate Cancer Working Group. 750 60

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is a putative premalignant lesion of the prostate gland. PIN has been demonstrated to share morphologic and phenotypic similarities to invasive carcinoma of the prostate. In addition, PIN is spatially related to invasive carcinoma and occurs with greater frequency in men whose prostates harbor carcinoma. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein produced by the prostatic epithelium. For PSA to be detected in the serum, it must traverse several tissue layers to reach the circulatory system. PSA levels associated with PIN are intermediate between those of benign and malignant prostate tissue. Spatially associated occult carcinoma, disruption of the basal cell layer, and increased vascularity may account for elevated PSA values in PIN.
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PMID:Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate-specific antigen. 750 83

The American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project (ACS-NPCDP) is a multicenter, interdisciplinary demonstration project to assess the impact on early detection of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and digital rectal examination (DRE). Preliminary data are available from the first 3-5 y of planned observation. The results show declining rates of detection for each succeeding examination. Cancer detection rates are highly dependent on age. The positive predictive value of a solitary examination is low regardless of modality, but any combination of positive results has a much better predictive value. The cancers detected were predominantly clinically localized tumors, and detection of advanced stage cancer was uncommon after the initial examination. Radical prostatectomy was the most common form of treatment. These findings have implications for prostate cancer early detection guidelines and practice.
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PMID:Early detection of prostate cancer following repeated examinations by multiple modalities: results of the American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project. 751 32

Prostate Cancer Awareness Week was begun in 1989 to investigate whether men could be recruited to participate in free prostate cancer screening. Initially designed to raise public awareness of "the ignored male disease", it has become the largest single cancer screening program in the United States. In 1992, more than 500,000 men were examined by digital rectal examination (DRE) and more than half of these also by measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Although the populations examined have been generally better educated than the national average, predominantly white, and typically (> 40%) experiencing some symptom of prostate disease, adherence to annual prostate examinations remains low among successive cohorts of participants. Prostate cancers detected through this program exhibit a more favorable stage distribution than the national average. From 1989 through 1992, many cancers were detected by using the effective combination of DRE and PSA testing, which resulted in more stage A disease being diagnosed and fewer stage B, C, and D tumors. Data from 1992 suggest that increasing sophistication is possible with PSA test results, and age-specific PSA reference ranges have been developed.
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PMID:Prostate Cancer Awareness Week, 1992: a summary of key findings. 751 33

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for cytokeratins are potent probes for the identification of disseminated individual epithelial tumour cells in mesenchymal organs such as bone marrow. We have used a monoclonal antibody (mAB) against cytokeratin 18 (CK18) for the detection of individual metastatic tumour cells in bone marrow aspirates from 84 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. CK18+ cells were detected in a sensitivity of 1 per 8 x 10(5) marrow cells using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) system for staining. We were able to detect CK18+ tumour cells in the marrow of 33% of patients with stage N0M0 prostate cancers. The incidence of CK18+ cells showed a significant correlation with established risk factors, such as local tumour extent, distant metastases and tumour differentiation. For further characterization of such cells in patients with prostate cancer, we developed an immunocytochemical procedure for simultaneous labelling of cytokeratin component no. 18 (CK18) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In a first step, cells were incubated with a murine mAb against PSA, followed by gold-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibodies. In a second step, a biotinylated mAb to CK18 was applied as primary antibody and subsequently incubated with complexes of streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase, which were developed with Newfuchsin substrate. The binding of gold-labelled antibodies was visualized by silver enhancement. CK18+ cells co-expressing PSA were found in bone marrow aspirates from 5 out of 14 patients with carcinomas of the prostate. The specificity of CK18 for epithelial tumour cells in bone marrow was supported by negative staining of 12 control aspirates from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunocytochemical detection and phenotypic characterization of micrometastatic tumour cells in bone marrow of patients with prostate cancer. 752 Oct 88

We determined the optimal conditions for the separation of N-glycosylation variants of prostate-specific antigen using concanavalin A. Concanavalin A is a lectin that binds to the terminal sugar residues of glycoproteins. We demonstrated that differences in the percentage of prostate-specific antigen bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia compared with patients with prostatic carcinoma, as described in the literature, arise when insufficient concanavalin A binding sites are added for complete binding of the glycosylation variants of prostate-specific antigen. We observed similar percentages of prostate-specific antigen bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose for benign prostatic hyperplasia (86.3% +/- 7.5, mean +/- SD) and carcinoma patients (81.8% +/- 12.0, mean +/- SD), when sufficient concanavalin A-Sepharose was added to allow optimal binding, and when samples with high prostate-specific antigen concentrations were not pre-diluted before incubation with concanavalin A-Sepharose. We conclude that differentiation of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or carcinoma of the prostate on the basis of differences in percentages of prostate-specific antigen bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose, i.e. separation of N-glycosylation variants, is not possible.
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PMID:Pitfalls in the differentiation of N-glycosylation variants of prostate-specific antigen using concanavalin A. 752 90

To determine the relationship of carcinoma of the prostate and cellular production of prostate-specific antigen, cytosol levels of PSA were measured in benign and malignant fresh prostate tissue harvested from radical prostatectomy specimens. Wedge biopsies were taken from benign (N = 21) and malignant (N = 74) prostate tissue and were immediately fixed in liquid nitrogen, and then homogenized and differentially centrifuged, and the cytosol fractions extracted. The remaining specimen was sent for routine pathologic assessment. The Hybritech methodology was used to measure the cytosol PSA and standard protein analysis was used for cytosol protein (CP) measurement. There was a significantly greater concentration of PSA in malignant tissue (P = 0.046). Also, when benign and malignant tissue were available from a single prostate (N = 17), these differences in cytosol PSA were even greater (P = 0.002). In addition, there was no significant difference when serum PSAs from the malignant tissue were ranked according to Gleason score and placed into three different histologic grades (i.e., Gleason scores 2-4, 5-6, and 7-10).
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PMID:Cellular PSA in benign and malignant prostate. 753 23

We investigated the efficacy of 2-week and 4-week pretreatments with 100 mg/day chlormadinone acetate (CMA) to prevent the flare reaction induced by luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. CMA lead-in therapy suppressed bone pain and serum levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone and prostate-specific antigen levels. CMA therapy also suppressed the transient increases in these levels associated with the initiation of therapy. The 4-week regimen appeared to be more effective than the 2-week regimen.
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PMID:Pretreatment with chlormadinone acetate eliminates testosterone surge induced by a luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone analogue and the risk of disease flare in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. 754 58


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