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Query: UMLS:C0600139 (Prostate Cancer)
 4,540 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study compared five different assays for serum prostatic acid phosphatase in the detection of carcinoma of the prostate gland. The assays included two radioimmunoassay procedures, one counterimmunoelectrophoresis procedure, and an enzymatic procedure using alpha-naphthol phosphate substrate with and without sodium tartrate inhibition. The patients' hospital records were reviewed, as were all available surgical histology slides. The patients were divided into four groups: prostatic carcinoma, benign prostatic hypertrophy, other carcinomas (besides prostatic carcinoma), and no related disease states (that would be expected to give elevated acid phosphatase levels). The results were analyzed with respect to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive result, predictive value of a negative result, and efficiency of the assays.
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PMID:Comparison of prostatic acid phosphatase assays. 617 Feb 71

The availability of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the prostate specific acid phosphatase required a study to compare these techniques with the conventional colorimetric assay. Our study is based on examinations of 188 normal persons and 136 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The advantage of the immunologic methods - RIA and EIA - lies in their stable immunologic activity and their high specificity. However, RIA and EIA are not screening methods for incidental carcinoma because of their low sensitivity for stage-A tumors. Their good sensitivity at lower ranges of concentration makes them suitable for checking the course of a prostatic carcinoma during therapy. The level of prostatic acid phosphatase may allow conclusions about intra-or extracapsular growth of the prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Clinical value of different methods for determination of acid phosphatase in prostatic cancer. 618 May 35

Aside from imaging techniques several (radio-)immunological analyses are used for tumor diagnosis. Oncofetal antigens, for instance the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have become the most important substances for many malignancies. However, nearly all of the so-called tumor markers are not suitable for early diagnosis or screening either because of low sensitivity or low tumor specificity. On the other hand follow-up measurements give a very sensitive index of the success of treatment and may indicate tumor progression when other signs are still not present. In some carcinomas and under some clinical circumstances tumor specific markers are available and mandatory for detection and/or staging: AFP in hepatoma, acid phosphatase in metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate and serum thyreoglobulin in differentiated thyroid cancer.
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PMID:[Radioimmunoassays in oncology]. 618 74

Adenoid cystic carcinoma occurs most commonly in the major and minor salivary glands, but also has been recognized in numerous other locations. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate gland is, however, extremely uncommon with only two other reported cases. The authors have studied a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate with immunoperoxidase staining for both prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen, which have been shown to be specific for normal prostatic epithelium and prostatic carcinoma. The negative staining for these antigens in this tumor distinguishes adenoid cystic carcinoma from the usual acinic adenocarcinomas of the prostate, and suggests an origin from periurethral glands or metaplastic urethral mucosa.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate. A case report with immunoperoxidase staining for prostate-specific acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen. 619 1

The records of 100 patients with localized prostatic cancer were examined retrospectively in an effort to determine the usefulness of routine 99mtechnetium bone scans following definitive therapy with 125iodine implantation or external beam irradiation. With a mean followup of 47 months per patient 19 per cent of these patients had positive scans and an additional 15 per cent had scans that were considered equivocal. Of the 100 patients none had a positive scan in the absence of either an elevated serum acid phosphatase or bone pain. In our series the low incidence of positive scans as the sole evidence of disease progression does not support its routine use after definitive therapy for localized carcinoma of the prostate.
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PMID:The role of routine followup bone scans after definitive therapy of localized prostatic cancer. 621 43

The technetium methylene diphosphate bone scan was elevated in 100 consecutive new patients presenting with carcinoma of the prostate. 48% of the patients has a positive bone scan at the initial diagnosis. The scan was more helpful than the skeletal X-ray in the diagnosis of bone metastases: 23% of the X-ray-negative patients were scan-positive. Serial bone scans were more sensitive than either X-rays or serum acid phosphatase in following the progress of the disease. It is concluded that the bone scan in patients with prostatic carcinoma can be used as a reliable tumour marker, especially for monitoring the course of metastases.
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PMID:The bone scan as a tumour marker in prostatic carcinoma. 628 89

Prostatic carcinoma is a significant cause of male cancer death. The majority of cases present as incurable disease. The measurement of acid phosphatase has served to confirm clinically suspected disease and staging. The immunochemical methods have increased clinical sensitivity and specificity in detecting curable occult or confined disease, but not significantly so as to warrant mass screening. Prostatic acid phosphatase remains a test for confirming clinical staging of prostatic carcinoma and a response factor to therapy at present.
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PMID:Prostatic acid phosphatase: clinical utility in detection, assessment, and monitoring carcinoma of the prostate. 646 31

Serum amyloid A (SAA) and acid phosphatase (AcP) levels were determined in serial serum samples of 35 patients in different stages of dissemination and correlated with activity of carcinoma of the prostate. Up to 500-fold increases in SAA level were detected during active periods of cancer with a decrease towards the normal range in remission, in comparison with a 10-fold increase of AcP. The correlation between these two parameters was highly significant (P less than 0.001), but while SAA shows 100% sensitivity during the active stage, AcP shows only 85% sensitivity. It is suggested that although SAA is not a specific marker for any particular illness, due to its characteristic pattern of change in malignant diseases and its high sensitivity, it represents a useful biochemical parameter for the assessment of the activity of the disease to monitor response to therapy during follow-up.
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PMID:Importance of serum amyloid A (SAA) level in monitoring disease activity and response to therapy in patients with prostate cancer. 651 95

Four hundred thirty-six patients with carcinoma of the prostate had lymphangiography (LAG) as part of their initial evaluation before treatment. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of abnormal opacified lymph nodes was performed routinely. The positivity rate of LAG and FNAB in each clinical stage was compared with the positivity rate predicted for that stage, based on published series of patients with carcinoma of the prostate who underwent pelvic lymph node dissection (LND). Within each clinical stage, the relation of the outcome of LAG/FNAB to histologic tumor grade (Gleason score) and serum acid phosphatase levels was evaluated. LAG/FNAB was of very limited value in patients with less than clinical stage C disease and of no value in patients with a Gleason score of less than 6. Although LAG/FNAB is insensitive even in clinical stage C disease, a positive result will avoid the morbidity and expense of a staging LND and allow confident selection of appropriate treatment. A negative LAG/FNAB, on the other hand, is meaningless, because of the high false-negative rate of LAG. Since no two study populations are exactly alike, any evaluation or comparison of tests used to stage patients with carcinoma of the prostate should state the distribution of its patients by clinical stage.
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PMID:Lymphangiography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy: ineffective for staging early prostate cancer. 660 49

When paraplegia occurs as a result of malignant disease, it generally means that the patient's survival is limited to a few months. The exceptions to this rule include patients with paraplegia or quadraplegia as a result of metastases from carcinoma of the prostate. This study concerns 24 men with paraplegia, 20 of whom lived for over 5 years following the onset of paralysis, 18 being rehabilitated. The prostatic cause of paralysis may not be obvious at the first, and conventional X-rays of the spine may be negative. The serum acid phosphatase was raised in several cases, confirmation of the diagnosis could either be made by biopsy of the prostate gland or, if laminectomy is performed, by examining the tissue that compresses the spinal cord. Laminectomy is recommended only in patients with rapidly advancing neurological signs. The treatment of choice is orchidectomy rather than hormonal treatment in the elderly age group, as oestrogens cause cardio-vascular complications.
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PMID:Paraplegia and prostatic cancer. 662 68


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