Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600139 (Prostate Cancer)
 4,540 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of carcinoma of the prostate in a 30-year-old man. Serum acid phosphatase was normal. A transrectal biopsy of the prostate demonstrated an undifferentiated carcinoma. Total prostatocystectomy was performed and subsequent pathologic report stated that the mass was an undifferentiated carcinoma of the prostate gland. Metastases to the intrapelvic lymph node were present. Although immunohistochemical prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) activity was not demonstrated, prostatic specific antigen (PSA) staining revealed a positive reaction within the tumor cells, confirming prostatic carcinoma. The patient's course has been uneventful without any recurrence by the intermittent adjuvant chemotherapy 8 months postoperatively. Review of the literature in Japan disclosed 16 cases (including our case) of carcinoma of the prostate in patients under 40 years of age.
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PMID:[Prostatic carcinoma in a young adult: a case report]. 169 13

In seven patients with undifferentiated carcinoma of the prostate, the immunohistochemical stain for prostate-specific antigen was negative. The stain for prostatic acid phosphatase done on the same tissue samples was diffusely positive in three, focally positive in three, and negative in one. Only the three with diffusely positive immunostaining had elevated serum acid phosphatase levels, although five had evidence of metastatic disease. All seven neoplasms were histologically similar, being composed of large cells with large nuclei, a moderate amount of cytoplasm, and indistinct cell borders. All tumors grew as broad sheets within the prostatic stroma as well as in the prostatic urethra; in six cases. Thus, prostatic carcinoma with this histologic pattern frequently loses prostate-specific antigen immunoreactivity. Awareness of this occurrence should prevent a misdiagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in such cases. The prostatic origin of these neoplasms can usually be verified by prostatic acid phosphatase immunostaining, which proves to be more sensitive in this particular setting.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate with atypical immunohistological features. Clinical and histologic correlates. 243 Apr 76

Human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues were obtained from patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate and viable cells from these were successfully maintained in primary cultures grown on collagen gel. The prostatic origin of the cells was confirmed by the measurement of prostate specific acid phosphatase and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy before and after immunostaining with human prostate specific antigen-antibody. The cell cultures were treated with various interferons (IFNs), both in the presence and absence of testosterone propionate (TP), for 72 hours and the activities of seven enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were estimated in the cytosolic fraction of the cells. Treatment with TP induced a significant decrease in the activity of alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH). Using this enzyme activity as a marker, the effects of various types of IFNs were investigated. IFN-alpha (wellferon) increased the activity of the enzyme both in the presence of one microgram./ml. of TP and in its absence whereas IFN-gamma inhibited the activity under similar conditions. The effect of treatment with IFN-beta in the presence of TP was biphasic in that there was an increase in the activity of the enzyme at the lowest concentration while at higher concentrations an inhibition of enzymic activity was observed. In the absence of TP IFN-beta inhibited the activity. The significance of these findings in terms of the clinical usefulness of IFNs is discussed and it is postulated that IFN-alpha (wellferon) might be effective in the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate in selected patients.
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PMID:The effects of interferons on the activity of alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in benign prostatic hyperplasia cells in primary culture. 244 23

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) were assayed using a radioimmunologic method in 306 patients from November 1986 through April 1987. Study patients included 10 women, 10 men under forty years of age, 25 patients with malignancies involving structures other than the prostate, and 280 patients with diseases of the prostate ie. benign hypertrophy of the prostate (BHP) (n = 170), or histologically-proved carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) (n = 110). Serum PSA levels were undetectable in women and following total prostatectomy; levels of 3 ng/ml were found in young men, with no circadian variations. Non-prostatic carcinomas had no influence on PSA levels. PSA levels in BHP patients were 6.9 +/- 8.4 ng/ml and correlated positively with the weight of the gland. In patients with carcinoma of the prostate, PSA levels were 24.4 +/- 19.3 ng/ml, correlated positively with tumor spread, and returned to normal following successful palliative hormone treatment, with new increases reflecting recurrences. PSA assays are of little value for screening for carcinoma of the prostate; however carcinoma of the prostate is found in 70% of patients with inconsiderable BHP and PSA levels above 15 ng/ml. PSA is mainly useful for monitoring patients with carcinoma of the prostate. No patient with BHP had marked elevations of PAP, whereas high PAP levels were found in 26% of patients with carcinoma of the prostate. Eighty-eight per cent of patients with carcinoma of the prostate had increased PAS levels, which were the only finding in 48 cases. No patient with carcinoma of the prostate had increased PAP levels with normal PSA levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prostate-specific antigen. A new marker of prostatic pathology]. 245 14

This report describes the aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) of a case of papillary carcinoma of ductal origin, an uncommon malignant tumor of the prostate. Only one case has been previously reported in the cytology literature. Atypical papillary fragments are the distinctive cytologic findings. Similar to well-differentiated acinar carcinoma of the prostate, the cytologic features of malignancy in this lesion may be subtle, and diagnosis is based on the presence of the cytologic pattern. Positive immunohistochemical staining with prostate-specific acid phosphatase confirms the prostatic origin. Application is made of quantitative DNA analysis for prognostic determination.
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PMID:Papillary carcinoma of prostatic ductal origin: a cytologic case report with immunohistochemical and quantitative DNA correlation. 267 3

A case of a small cell carcinoma of the prostate that occurred in a 68-year-old man is reported. Needle biopsy of the prostate showed an adenocarcinoma. A second biopsy revealed both an adenocarcinoma and a small cell carcinoma. A subsequent third biopsy revealed only a small cell carcinoma, and the patient died of respiratory failure 26 months after the initial presentation. An autopsy revealed the tumor that had replaced the prostate extended into the bladder and rectum. Widespread metastatic foci, showing a histologic pattern of solely a small cell carcinoma, were present in various organs. The adenocarcinoma component was seen restricted to the prostatic region. Immunoperoxidase staining for prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, gamma-seminoprotein, and leu-7 showed positivity only in the adenocarcinoma, whereas neuron-specific enolase was positive only in the small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[A case of small cell carcinoma of the prostate]. 284 13

Evaluation of the efficacy of radical prostatectomy versus radiotherapy in carcinoma of the prostate has been compromised by the scarcity of data in comparable populations. A nationwide search was conducted to compile the available data on the use of radiotherapy in lymphadenectomy-staged patients. The assessed population consists of patients with tumor confined to the gland (Stages A2 and B), negative staging lymphadenectomy, negative bone scan, and normal serum acid phosphatase level who received external beam radiotherapy with curative intent. To provide a broad spectrum of experiences, the search included patients from a large number of institutions including Stanford University, Washington University (St. Louis), those participating in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and a broad range of radiotherapy practices surveyed by the PCS (Patterns of Care Study). A total of 209 patients were identified. No selection criteria other than the aforementioned were applied. The patients were treated consecutively during the survey period. In sharp contradistinction to the reported results of the VA Uro-Oncology Group the analysis indicates a less than 10 per cent probability of progression within the first five years after completion of treatment. Nationwide, the outcome of radiotherapy-treated patients appears to be equivalent to the comparable surgically treated population.
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PMID:Radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy in carcinoma of prostate. The dilemma continues. 311 Oct 57

The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, Zoladex, has been used in three centres, Pontefract, Antwerp and Mistelbach, to treat carcinoma of the prostate. An initial protocol using a soluble daily injection has been followed by a second study employing a monthly administered depot preparation. After an initial stimulation it has been shown that both daily and monthly injections reduce plasma testosterone to castrate levels. Circulating luteinizing hormone levels are also initially stimulated and then suppressed. Treatment toxicity has been minimal and in these short term studies reduction of acid phosphatase and subjective and objective tumour responses have been similar to those expected from effective hormonal therapy of prostatic cancer.
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PMID:An LH-RH analogue (Zoladex) in the management of carcinoma of the prostate: a preliminary report comparing daily subcutaneous injections with monthly depot injections. 315 98

From January 1970 to June 1983, a total of 702 patients received radical external beam radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate. The estimated 5- to 10-year disease-free survival are 67% and 52%. A comparison was made between those patients whose diagnosis was established by needle biopsy as compared with those who had a positive transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Within Stages B & C combined, the 5-year disease-free survival was 65% for needle biopsy as compared with 59% for TURP. The corresponding figures at 10 years are 50% and 43%. This difference is significant with a p-value of less than 0.01. In addition to histological grade, identifiable prognostic factors in the literature are clinical stage, serum acid phosphatase, and extent of radiation (local only or prophylactic pelvic nodal radiation). Assessment of histological grade using the Gleason method has been carried out in all except 7 cases. The amount of tissue from a needle biopsy constitutes less than 3% of the material obtained from a TURP. As a result, there is a potential sampling error. The Gleason grading can be used in at least three ways: (a) the conventional Gleason score, (b) the most malignant grade identified, or, (c) the primary (most frequent) grade identified. Analyzing use of these three methods of histological stratification yields conflicting results. The difference between the needle and TURP groups is present in late stage disease when the primary grade is used for stratification but absent when the worst grade is used. The significance of these results remains more or less constant irrespective of end point (uncorrected, disease specific or disease-free survival). However, when stratified by Gleason score, it is significant for disease specific survival, approaches significance for uncorrected survival but not for disease free survival. Since the significance can be altered by changing one stratification factor, there must be some doubt about the validity of other studies which either confirm or refute the hypothesis that TURP has an adverse influence on the disease process.
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PMID:The effect of transurethral resection on prognosis in carcinoma of the prostate: real or imaginary? 318 38

From 1976 to 1983 the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group conducted a study of extended field (periaortic) irradiation in carcinoma of the prostate. Eligible patients were those with clinical Stage C tumor with or without evidence of pelvic lymph node involvement and also those with Stage A-2 and B with evidence of pelvic lymph node involvement. The stratification criteria included histological grade, clinical stage, absence or presence of hormonal manipulation, and method of lymph node evaluation (lymphangiogram vs. laparotomy vs. no nodal evaluation). The patients were randomized to either receive pelvic irradiation followed by a boost to the prostate or pelvic and periaortic irradiation followed by a boost to the prostate. The prescribed daily dose was 180-200 rad to a total midplane dose to the regional lymphatics to 4000-4500 rad. The prostatic boost target volume was to receive additional 2000-2500 rad bringing the total dose to that area to a minimum of 6500 rad. A total of 523 analyzable patients have been accessioned to the protocol. Four hundred forty-eight of these are known to have received treatment per protocol. Median follow-up is 4 years and 3 months. The analyzable patients were evaluated for the incidence of distant metastases, NED survival and survival as a function of treatment arm. No statistically significant differences between the treatment arms could be documented. Similarly, no significant difference between treatment arms could be documented within a number of subpopulations such as those characterized by a particular grade, hormonal status, stage, age, acid phosphatase level, etc. The results of the study revealed no apparent benefit of elective periaortic irradiation in patients with detectable disease confined to the pelvis.
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PMID:Extended field (periaortic) irradiation in carcinoma of the prostate--analysis of RTOG 75-06. 351 55


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