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Query: UMLS:C0600097 (Sedation)
 1,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nalbuphine is a new partly agonistic antagonistic opioid, that may offer some advantages especially in postoperative pain relief. We compared meperidine (1 mg kg-1) in 100 patients and nalbuphine (0.3 mg kg-1) in 70 patients, administering both agents intravenously after gynaecological operations. Standardised halothane anaesthesia without any opioid was used. After arrival in the recovery room, vigilance (sedation), quality and duration of pain relief were measured by different methods at four different times (0, 15, 30, and 60 minutes). Sedation was significantly more pronounced in the nalbuphine group, but no difference could be found in pain relief and duration between both groups. 6 patients of the n-group showed a short lasting wake-up reaction due to receptor antagonism. 36 patients had to be reinjected at the end of the first hour. We consider nalbuphine to be a safe opioid, however, the marked sedation should be taken into account.
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PMID:[Nalbuphine as compared with pethidine for postoperative pain therapy]. 230 99

We studied the effect of nalbuphine on the ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to carbon dioxide rebreathing in six healthy male volunteers (mean age 25.5 yr) in a single-blind laboratory study. On four separate days volunteers were assigned randomly to receive either placebo (0.9% sodium chloride) or three i.v. doses of nalbuphine (15, 30 and 60 mg 70 kg-1), followed 90 min later by naloxone 0.4 mg 70 kg-1. Duplicate rebreathing tests were performed and the mean intercept at PE'CO2 7 kPa and the slopes of the linear relationship between inspiratory minute ventilation (Vl) or occlusion pressure (P0.1) with PE'CO2 were measured. Nalbuphine significantly decreased the mean intercept of the Vl (P less than 0.01) and P0.1 (P less than 0.05) responses, but caused no changes in the slopes. No significant difference between the doses was noted, suggesting that an Effect maximum (E'max) for respiratory depression was reached with a dose of approximately 15 mg 70 kg-1. Naloxone was less effective in antagonizing the depression in Vl at the higher dose of nalbuphine. Similar P0.1 values were associated with the same inspiratory flow rate (1 litre s-1) before and after drug treatment, suggesting that nalbuphine acts centrally to depress ventilation. Sedation increased significantly following each dose of nalbuphine (P less than 0.001). No demonstrable difference between the doses was shown, suggesting an Effect maximum (E'max) for sedation was reached at about 15 mg 70 kg-1. Administration of nalbuphine was associated with pain at the injection site, dizziness, dreaming, nausea and vomiting. Cardiovascular stability was maintained in all subjects.
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PMID:Effect of nalbuphine hydrochloride on the ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to carbon dioxide in volunteers. 250 65

Sedation by a combination of an opioid drug such as pentazocine with a benzodiazepine is commonly used for minor surgical and investigative procedures. Nalbuphine is a newer drug which, like pentazocine, is an opioid agonist-antagonist. Its actions are similar, but it has theoretical advantages in its profile of cardiovascular side effects. Nalbuphine or pentazocine in combination with diazepam were compared as components of a sedative technique for invasive radiology. The doses used were in the ratio of 2.5:1--ie nalbuphine 0.2 mg kg-1 and pentazocine 0.5 mg kg-1. Both regimens gave satisfactory results, and no difference could be detected between them in terms of sedation, analgesic efficacy, cardiovascular or respiratory changes, or recovery. Nalbuphine provides a safe and effective alternative to pentazocine in this situation. The study confirmed the need for caution because of the respiratory depressant effects of both drugs.
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PMID:Nalbuphine and pentazocine in an opioid-benzodiazepine sedative technique: a double-blind comparison. 304 65

The chemical properties, animal and human pharmacology, analgesic efficacy, relative potency, administration, and adverse effects of nalbuphine, a recently marketed, parenteral, strong analgesic with narcotic antagonist properties, are reviewed. Acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity studies in animals revealed no unusual adverse effects. The abuse potential of nalbuphine in man is probably similar to pentazocine. Respiratory depression produced by usual therapeutic doses of nalbuphine is equivalent to that of morphine; at higher than usual doses, nalbuphine produces less respiratory depression. Nalbuphine has few effects on cardiovascular hemodynamics in patients without cardiac disease or with stable ischemic disease. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, nalbuphine has an advantage over morphine, pentazocine, and butorphanol of not producing hypotension. Nalbuphine is as effective and has the same potency as morphine as an analgesic, with about the same onset, peak, and duration of action. Sedation is the most common adverse effect and occurs about as often as with other strong analgesics. Nausea and vomiting occur less often. In contrast to pentazocine, the frequency of psychotomimetic reactions apparently is very low. On the basis of presently available evidence, nalbuphine appears to have fewer disadvantages than any other parenteral strong analgesic.
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PMID:Evaluation of nalbuphine hydrochloride. 699 99

We compared the degree of sedation and frequency and intensity of adverse behaviors in dogs associated with nalbuphine when combined with acepromazine or xylazine compared with those of acepromazine or xylazine alone. Twenty-four dogs (13 female, 11 male) undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group NX received 0.5 mg/kg nalbuphine and 0.5 mg/kg xylazine subcutaneously (s.c.). Group X received 0.5 mg/kg xylazine s.c. Group NA received 0.5 mg/kg nalbuphine and 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine s.c. Group A received 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine s.c. All dogs received 0.01 mg/kg glycopyrrolate s.c. All doses were administered preoperatively. Preoperative resting measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and body weight were obtained. Sedation was scored both inside and outside a kennel prior to drug administration and at 10, 20, and 30 min after drug administration. Dogs were assessed for behavioral responses (leg withdrawal, shivering, rigidity, orienting, panting, struggling, vocalization, wide-eyed facial expression, breath holding, salivating, hiding, biting, or requiring a muzzle) during three time periods: placing the dog on the table, clipping and prepping of forelimb, and intravenous catheterization. Postoperative recovery behaviors were scored. Expired halothane concentrations were recorded at 15, 30, and 45 min postinduction. Significant differences occurred in the level of sedation at 30 min between dogs receiving nalbuphine and xylazine or xylazine only compared with dogs receiving acepromazine. There was a significant difference in behavioral scores with respect to leg withdrawal and orienting during clipping/prepping between dogs receiving nalbuphine and xylazine compared with dogs receiving xylazine. The combination of nalbuphine and xylazine is a useful premedicant which provided greater sedation than acepromazine and reduced some anxiety behaviors more than did xylazine alone. Nalbuphine is an inexpensive opioid and currently is not a controlled substance in the U.S.
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PMID:The sedative and behavioral effects of nalbuphine in dogs. 1290 98

Nalbuphine and tramadol are potent analgesic drugs. Our aim was to preliminarily assess and compare the efficacy and safety of nalbuphine and tramadol for postoperative analgesia in children. In a double-blind design, 24 ASA 1-3 children aged 1 to 10 years undergoing a scheduled surgical procedure were randomly allocated to receive either an intravenous bolus dose of nalbuphine 100 microg/kg immediately before the end of surgery followed by an infusion of 0.2 microg/kg/min for 72 hrs., or an intravenous bolus dose of tramadol 1000 microg/kg followed by an infusion of 2.0 microg/kg/min for 72 hrs. Postoperative pain control and drug-related adverse events were recorded. Three children who received nalbuphine required an extra bolus dose within the 12 hrs. of post-surgery versus one child in the tramadol group. A similar number of patients in both groups required an increment in the infusion rate within the 72 post-surgery hours. Sedation was observed in 2 children in the nalbuphine group and in 1 child in the tramadol group. Four children presented vomiting with tramadol and two with nalbuphine. Cardiovascular parameters remained within the normal ranges in both groups. In conclusion, the bolus/infusion regimen of tramadol evaluated in this study appears to have better postoperative analgesic efficacy than the bolus/infusion regimen of nalbuphine. These preliminary results require further confirmation by studies with a sample size enough to clearly identify differences in their efficacy as well as in the rate of adverse events secondary to the administration of each of them.
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PMID:A pilot study of nalbuphine versus tramadol administered through continuous intravenous infusion for postoperative pain control in children. 1984 49