Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0600097 (Sedation)
 1,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined serotonin-dopamine antagonist risperidone in mentally retarded patients with persistent behavioural disturbances. After an observation period of 1 week, risperidone 4-12 mg or placebo was administered during 3 weeks as add-on treatment to the existing medication, followed by a 1-week single-blind placebo wash-out, and another 3 weeks of double-blind treatment with the cross-over medication. Thirty-seven patients participated in the trials; 30 completed the study. Risperidone was significantly superior to placebo in its effect on the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist and the Clinical Global Impression. The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale did not show any differences between risperidone and placebo. Two patients experienced hypotension at the start of the risperidone administration. Sedation and drowsiness were the most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events. The results of this trial warrant further investigation into the therapeutic assets of risperidone in this indication, as add-on therapy and as monotherapy.
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PMID:Risperidone as add-on therapy in behavioural disturbances in mental retardation: a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. 768 29

Risperidone, in conjunction with behavioral interventions, was used to reduce aggression and assault, self-injury, and property destruction in 33 institutionalized adults with mental retardation. Target behavior frequencies, global assessments by staff, wages earned by patients, and the institution's costs for assault-related injury to staff and lost work time were evaluated before and after initiation of risperidone treatment. Risperidone (1-8 mg/day) was associated with a 50 percent or greater reduction in at least one target behavior frequency in 61 percent of patients. After 6 months of treatment, 85 percent of patients were rated "improved" and 15 percent were rated "unchanged." Treated patients' wage earnings increased by 37 percent. The number of staff work days lost because of assault by treated patients decreased from 444 during the 6 months before initiation of risperidone to 29 during the 6 months after initiation. Sedation, pseudoparkinsonism, possible akathisia, and weight gain were noted in 9-12 percent of patients. No patients were withdrawn from risperidone because of intolerable side effects or lack of efficacy. The results of this evaluation suggest that risperidone is effective and well tolerated in this population.
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PMID:Clinical and economic aspects of risperidone treatment in adults with mental retardation and behavioral disturbance. 899 95

Nausea and vomiting are distressing symptoms in advanced cancer patients. The causes of nausea and vomiting are multifactorial. Among the causes is opioid therapy, the mainstay of cancer pain management. When nausea or other opioid side effects occur, it may hamper pain management and undermine the quality of life of cancer patients. Risperidone exerts an antiemetic effect in animals, but there has been no clinical report on its antiemetic activity. We conducted a retrospective chart review to examine whether risperidone is useful for opioid-induced nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients (n=20). Risperidone was given as doses of 1mg once a day. Complete response was observed in 50% of patients (10/20) for nausea and 64% (7/11) for vomiting. Sedation (n=2) was documented as an adverse effect. This observation suggests that risperidone can be an effective antiemetic drug in the treatment of refractory opioid-induced nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients.
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PMID:A retrospective chart review of the antiemetic effectiveness of risperidone in refractory opioid-induced nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. 1754 49