Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0600097 (Sedation)
 1,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of mitral valve is the prolapse of a mitral leaflet into the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) during systole, causing LVOT obstruction and mitral valve regurgitation. We report the case of a patient who developed SAM-induced hemodynamic instability during bleeding with a clinical picture resembling pulmonary edema. A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency room for abdominal bleeding in polycystic renal disease. Upon arrival, she was normotensive, despite being anuric and acidotic. After infusion of fluids and packed red blood cells (total 3 680 mL in 6 hours) she developed atrial fibrillation and clinical and radiological signs of pulmonary edema. Sedation and non-invasive ventilation brought to immediate severe hypotension. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed an "empty" hypertrophic hypercontractile left ventricle, SAM with LVOT obstruction (intraventricular gradient 154 mmHg) and moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation. With further fluid infusion hemodynamic stability and sinus rhythm were recovered. SAM, LVOT obstruction and mitral regurgitation disappeared. SAM is a rare but dangerous cause of hemodynamic instability. It has been described in patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy, in presence of hypovolemia and sympathetic stimulation. In our case it presented with a misleading clinical picture of pulmonary edema simulating fluid overload in an actually hypovolemic patient. In fact, SAM-associated mitral regurgitation together with diastolic dysfunction and tachycardia induced a pulmonary edema whose treatment worsened hypovolemia and precipitated LVOT obstruction and hypotension. Further fluid infusion was resolutive. Echocardiography was fundamental for diagnosis and treatment.
 ...
PMID:Systolic anterior motion causing hemodynamic instability and pulmonary edema during bleeding. 2066 Dec 9

This audit of airway incidents was conducted over six months in 12 tertiary level hospitals across Australia and New Zealand. During that time, 131,233 patients had airway management and 111 reports were submitted (incidence 0.08%). The airway incidents included a combination of difficult airway management (83), oxygen desaturation (58), aspiration (19), regurgitation (14), laryngospasm (16), airway bleeding (10), bronchospasm (5) and dental injury (4), which gave a total of 209 events in 111 reports. Most incidents occurred during general anaesthesia (GA; 83.8%) and normal working hours (81.1%). Forty-three percent were associated with head and neck surgery and 12.6% with upper abdominal procedures. Of these patients, 52% required further medical treatment or additional procedures and 16.2% required unplanned admission to an intensive care unit or a high dependency unit. A total of 31.5% of patients suffered from temporary harm and 1.8% from permanent harm. There was one death. The factors associated with a high relative risk (RR) of an airway incident included American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) (ASA PS 2 versus 1, RR 1.75; ASA PS 3 versus 1, RR 3.56; ASA PS 4 versus 1, RR 6.1), and emergency surgery (RR 2.16 compared with elective). Sedation and monitored anaesthesia care were associated with lower RRs (RR 0.49 and RR 0.73 versus GA, respectively). Inadequate airway assessment, poor judgement and poor planning appeared to be contributors to these events. Future teaching and research should focus on these areas to further improve airway management and patient safety.
 ...
PMID:A prospective six-month audit of airway incidents during anaesthesia in twelve tertiary level hospitals across Australia and New Zealand. 3310 43