Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0600097 (Sedation)
 1,337 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although reported in the aerospace literature and anecdotally by anesthesiologists, the putative antiemetic effect of ephedrine remains unquantitated. We therefore prospectively studied ephedrine as an antiemetic agent in the perioperative setting in 97 patients undergoing general anesthesia for outpatient gynecologic laparoscopy. Patients were assigned in a double-blind randomized fashion to receive a standardized general anesthetic followed by an intramuscular dose of either ephedrine (0.5 mg/kg), droperidol (0.04 mg/kg), or saline before the conclusion of surgery. Nausea, retching, or vomiting, as well as the degree of sedation and discharge times, were assessed in the recovery room and for 24 h postoperatively. Ephedrine was found to have a significantly antiemetic effect (P less than 0.05) when compared with placebo and an antiemetic effect similar to that of droperidol. Sedation scores were also significantly less in the ephedrine group than in both placebo and droperidol groups. Finally, variations in mean arterial blood pressure among the three groups were not statistically significant. We conclude that ephedrine is an effective antiemetic agent with minimal sedative side effects in patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopy.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of ephedrine in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. 182 85

Vomiting and retching are behaviours that are part of the clinical manifestation of several disorders. Rarely, vomiting is actually tic and, when not recognized, may mislead physicians and other caregivers to erroneously diagnose a medical or psychiatric disorder without considering a tic-disorder. We report on an 18 year old male patient who demonstrated vomiting as main symptom. Initially, he was diagnosed with an eating disorder, bulimia nervosa purging type (DSM-IV TR). Firstly, he was not very able to suppress his vomiting, but later the vomiting became forced by putting fingers in his throat. This self-induced vomiting had a compulsive component and was performed after almost every meal. Psychiatric assessment disclosed a specific sequence of a premonitory epigastric feeling preceding the vomiting and relief after vomiting. History taking revealed that he had a childhood onset of motor tics (copropraxia which consisted of grabbing his genitalia, bilateral facial grimacing and sudden movements of the head) and phonic tics (sniffing and gargling). Furthermore, he had been treated with methylphenidate for a childhood diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and suffered from obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). His vomiting was considered a tic in the course of a Tourette syndrome. His score on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale dropped from 74 at the first assessment to a score of 50 at week 4 of treatment with risperidone 0,5 mg/day and sertralin 25 mg/day. Sedation and sexual dysfunction occurred as adverse events. Vomiting as a tic is rare clinical manifestation, but this possibility should be considered when patients have a history of tics.
 ...
PMID:[Gilles de la Tourette syndrome mimicking an eating disorder]. 1806 28