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Query: UMLS:C0599766 (functional recovery)
 13,441 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recovery of the cerebral cortex after 10 min of cardiac arrest was studied in rat using noninvasive MRI techniques. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of brain water was imaged to document reversal of the metabolic impairment. Perfusion-weighted imaging and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging were performed to assess functional recovery. To this purpose, rats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, and somatosensory cortex was activated by electrical stimulation of the contralateral forepaw. In sham-operated controls, cortical ADC was 862 +/- 10 microm2/s, and stimulation of forepaw led to a focal increase of signal intensity in somatosensory cortex by 71 +/- 22% in perfusion-weighted images and by 6 +/- 1% in BOLD images. One hour after successful resuscitation following 10 min of cardiac arrest, ADC did not differ from control but functional activation was completely suppressed. After 3 hours of reperfusion, functional activity began to reappear but the recovery of the BOLD signal progressed faster than that of the perfusion-weighted signal. The differences in the recovery of ADC, BOLD, and perfusion imaging are related to differences between metabolic and functional recovery on one hand and between blood flow and oxygen extraction on the other. The combination of these MRI methods thus provides detailed qualitative information about the progression of brain recovery after transient circulatory arrest.
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PMID:Recovery of the rodent brain after cardiac arrest: a functional MRI study. 958 10

This study concerns functional recovery of zebrafish following spinal cord transection. Spinal cords were transected at the level of the 14th vertebra, just rostral to the dorsal fin. Recovery was tested at one month after transection when descending fibers start to regrow across the transection site and at three months after transection when fish perform kick and glide swimming. To estimate the rate of regrowth across the lesion site we analysed the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dorsal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) systems in distal parts of lesioned cords. Both systems have cell bodies in the brainstem and in control fish TH- and dorsal 5-HT-containing fibers descend to all spinal segments. Swimming performance was studied by subjecting lesioned fish to endurance tests in a swimming tunnel with water flowing at a constant rate of 2 or 4.5 body lengths per second (BL/s). At 2 BL/s slow myotomal muscles are active whereas at 4.5 BL/s fast myotomal muscles are recruited. Control fish endured sustained swimming at both speeds for at least 3 hours. As a measure for the condition of the neuromuscular system in trunk and tail, we analysed aerobic metabolic capacities, assessed by NADH-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) histochemistry of myotomal muscle fibers and spinal lateral neuropil. We found that TH- and dorsal 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers were absent in the entire distal part of lesioned cords at one month but at two months after transection they were present at approximately 6000 microns caudally to the site of the lesion. Thus the rate of outgrowth of these fibers is at least 200 microns per day. Sustained swimming at the slow speed (2 BL/s) could be endured for about 14.4 min at one month and for 23.5 min at two months after transection; there was no further improvement in the period that followed. In contrast, in the 10 weeks following transection, fast swimming (4.5 BL/s) could be endured for about 5 to 6 minutes. A significant improvement was gained in the period of 10 to 12 weeks after transection when fish could endure the high speed for almost 15 min. The aerobic capacity of muscle fibers in distal parts of the body was not strongly affected by the lesion. The only important change in aerobic capacity was observed in the neuropil of distal parts of the cords where, at three months after transection, NADH-TR activity was increased to approximately 150% of control values. On the basis of our findings, we assume that it is not the condition of the neuromuscular system, but rather a deficient co-ordination between proximal and distal body parts of lesioned fish that accounts for the relatively poor performances in endurance tests. Furthermore, differences in timing of improvements in swimming at 2 and 4.5 BL/s indicate that the spinal circuitries serving the slow parts of the neuromuscular system recover at an earlier stage than those serving the fast parts.
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PMID:Long term effects of spinal cord transection in zebrafish: swimming performances, and metabolic properties of the neuromuscular system. 958 24

The purpose of the present study was to examine seizure activity during reduced 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP) production. Ovariectomized Long-Evans rats were stereotaxically implanted with bipolar electrodes above the perforant pathway; silastic implants filled with estradiol-17-benzoate (EB) and progesterone were inserted subcutaneously to mimic diestrus. Estrus was then induced in half of these animals by injection of EB (30 microg) and progesterone (2.5 mg), 48 and 4 h, respectively, prior to perforant pathway stimulation. Half of the estrous and diestrous rats also received a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, finasteride (50 mg/kg), 6 h prior to perforant pathway stimulation. The estrous condition was associated with reduced number and duration of partial seizures, improved performance on a Morris water maze recovery of function test, reduced neuronal loss in the hilar region of the hippocampus, and elevated central and plasma 3alpha,5alpha-THP, compared to estrus+finasteride, diestrus+vehicle and diestrus+finasteride conditions, which did not differ from each another. These data suggest antiseizure effects of estrus may be caused, in part, by the action of 3alpha,5alpha-THP and that the precipitous decline in 3alpha,5alpha-THP may restore seizure threshold to control levels.
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PMID:Finasteride blocks the reduction in ictal activity produced by exogenous estrous cyclicity. 963 Mar 99

Fluid impact models are widely used to study the histological and neurochemical consequences of traumatic brain injury and although behavioural consequences have also been studied, behavioural changes are often confounded by non-specific neurological deficits. In the present study we investigated behavioural effects of a unilateral mild traumatic lesion of the right lateral parietal cortex. This region is implicated in a number of basic and complex behaviors, and we therefore analyzed the performance of rats in a diverse range of behavioural procedures. The lesion had no effects on general neurological function, motor activity (activity boxes, rota-rod and paw reaching tests), habituation to a novel environment (holeboard), spatial learning ability (Morris water maze) or anxiety (elevated plus-maze). However, the lesioned animals demonstrated lower levels of exploration than the control group when novel objects were placed beneath some of the holes in the holeboard. Lesioned animals also differed from controls in their performance in passive and active avoidance procedures. In a step-through passive avoidance test the lesioned rats performed worse than the sham-operated controls, i.e. they had significantly lower entry latencies on the 2nd day. In contrast, in the active avoidance task the lesioned animals performed better than sham-operated rats, demonstrating a better ability to learn to avoid and escape from the shock. These diverse results in different tests of learning and memory, in particular the impairment in passive avoidance and the improvement in active avoidance behavior, are difficult to reconcile with a simple effect of the lesion on cognitive performance per se. The complete absence of general neurological deficits following the mild traumatic injury rules out the possibility that the observed behavioural changes reflect a non-specific impairment. These results demonstrate that mild traumatic lesion of the right parietal cortex can induce relatively selective behavioural changes that may serve to study functional recovery after trauma. However further work is required to establish the underlying deficit(s) that has led to the behavioural effects described here.
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PMID:Mild traumatic lesion of the right parietal cortex of the rat: selective behavioural deficits in the absence of neurological impairment. 965 96

The study aims to determine a possible relationship between intracellular water, energy metabolism, functional recovery and membrane permeability, during and after hypothermic cardiac preservation. Isolated rat hearts were stored for 12 h at 4 degrees C with University of Wisconsin (UW), St Thomas Hospital (ST) and Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solutions, and were reperfused for 1 h. Cellular volumes were measured by 1H NMR of water and 59Co NMR of the extracellular marker cobalticyanide, and energetic profiles by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Storage in ST solution reduced ischemic swelling from 2.50 +/- 0.06 to 2.73 +/- 0.09 (P < 0.001 v 3.56 +/- 0.10 ml/g dry weight in KH), while UW solution caused cellular shrinkage to 2.12 +/- 0.08 ml/g dry weight. Intracellular ATP concentrations and pH values were higher in UW as compared to ST solution. At reperfusion, hearts stored in ST shrank while those stored in UW expanded, resulting in similar intracellular volumes. Storage with UW was superior to ST in post-ischemic function 65 +/- 5% (P < 0.01 v 49 +/- 4% with ST) and in recovery of ATP 46 +/- 3% (P < 0.001 v 25 +/- 4% with ST). Storage with both ST and UW solutions did not prevent interstitial edema. Sarcolemmal membrane integrity, as assessed by cellular swelling in response to a hypo-osmotic shock (210 mmol/l), was significantly improved by ST and UW solutions as compared to KH (P < 0.05). Creatine kinase efflux was reduced by ST and UW as compared to KH (P < 0.05), and by UW as compared to ST (P < 0.05). Coronary flow was higher following storage with UW than ST solutions. 66 +/- 6 and 45 +/- 4%, respectively (P < 0.01). According to these data, the beneficial effects of UW and ST solutions on hypothermic ischemic storage of rat hearts included prevention of cellular edema and preservation of sarcolemmal membrane integrity. It is concluded: (a) UW and ST solutions reduce ischemic and reperfusion cellular volumes: (b) both solutions, and UW in particular were efficient in preservation of membrane integrity: (c) prevention of cellular edema is not the single or main mechanism responsible for the improved preservation with UW and ST solutions.
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PMID:Intracellular volumes and membrane permeability in rat hearts during prolonged hypothermic preservation with St Thomas and University of Wisconsin solutions. 971 Aug 1

We present the case of a young male with 2-month history of intermittent upper abdominal pain who developed diarrhea, anorexia, tea-color urine, and decreased urine output. He was found to be in severe acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis, four sessions in 10-day period. By the end of the second week of hospitalization renal function gradually improved with total recovery of function to a baseline creatinine of 1.1 mg/dl 25 days after the diagnosis of acute renal failure. His workup included Ham's test, water sugar test, and RBC fragility test which confirmed the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
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PMID:Acute reversible renal failure in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 979 72

The importance of accurately predicting functional recovery of the myocardium has become clear with the advent of interventional techniques for coronary revascularization. Detection of hibernating myocardium (reversibly dysfunctional myocardial segments subtended by stenosed arteries) has been approached by techniques that assess different characteristics of this condition, such as contractile reserve, membrane integrity, and metabolic activity. The standard for detecting viable myocardium is considered to be metabolic imaging with positron-emission tomography using the glucose analogue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, which makes it possible to quantitate regional glucose utilization in myocardium. However, recently, a new approach has been proposed based on the use of 15O-labeled water, which does not require metabolic imaging and appears to offer advantages in terms of scanning time and quantitation of viable tissue.
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PMID:Assessment of myocardial viability and the role of surgery. 1014 21

We report a case in which quick freeze injury occurred to both hands by helium vapour at extremely low temperatures. At the time of injury the victim was wearing protective gloves which were removed quickly after the accident. This prompt removal of gloves reduced the depth and severity of the injury. Initially he was treated by rapid thawing by immersing the hands in luke warm water (37 degrees C) and administering heparin by drip to prevent microvascular thrombosis. Delayed skin grafting was performed with good functional recovery. The circumstances accompanying this injury and preventive measures are discussed.
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PMID:Helium vapour injury: a case report. 1032 13

The antioxidant and bioenergetic effects of CoQ10 are well known but its clinical utility is limited by the requirement for enteral administration. A newly developed liposomal CoQ10 (CoQ) is water soluble and capable of intravenous administration. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism by which acute administration CoQ protects myocardium from reperfusion (Rp) injury. Rats were pretreated with CoQ 10 mg/kg i.v. 30 min prior to the experiment. Control rats were pretreated with liposome only. Hearts were excised and subjected to equilibration, 25 min of normothermic ischemia and 40 min of Rp on a Langendorff apparatus. At end Rp, CoQ hearts recovered 74 +/- 5% of their DP vs. 50 +/- 9% in control (p < 0.05). Aerobic efficiency was maintained (0.66 +/- 0.02 vs. control, 0.5 +/- 0.04, p < 0.003) and CoQ hearts lost less CK activity vs. control (p < 0.02). PCr and ATP were higher than control (p < 0.05, 0.02, respectively). Results show that i.v. CoQ improves recovery of function, aerobic efficiency, CK activity, and recovery of PCr and ATP after Rp. This suggests that acute administration of liposomal CoQ improves myocardial tolerance to I/R via its role as an antioxidant as well as improving oxygen utilization and high energy phosphate production.
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PMID:Bioenergetic effect of liposomal coenzyme Q10 on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. 1041 45

Prevention of cardiac and vascular dysfunction with pretreatment has been accepted as an important factor in heart transplantation. Ginsenosides (GS) have been reported to have some beneficial effects on the cardiac and vascular system. We hypothesized that pretreatment with GS would result in an improvement of functional recovery after a 12 hour (hr) rat heart preservation. A Langendorff apparatus was applied to estimate the cardiac and vascular function in an isolated rat heart preparation. The hearts were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution at 0 degree C for 12 hr, after pretreatment with 0.9% sodium chloride or GS 100 mg/kg, respectively, in control (n = 9) and GS (n = 14) groups. After storage, the cardiac function, myocardial water content, and coronary vasodilatory response were evaluated. The GS group showed a significantly higher recovery percentage of cardiac function compared with the control group: aortic flow 81.4 +/- 21.4% versus 57.2 +/- 11.0% (p = 0.0052); coronary flow 81.4 +/- 14.5% versus 57.2 +/- 6.0% (p = 0.0001); +/- dp/dt max 72.5 +/- 16.1% and 66.0 +/- 16.1% versus 53.7 +/- 4.1% and 51.4 +/- 7.1% (p = 0.0027 and p = 0.0189) respectively. The GS group showed a lower increase in myocardial water content. With Langendorff perfusion, the endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cell function were evaluated by an increasing percentage of coronary flow in response to acetylcholine chloride (0.3 x 10(-7) mol/liter) and nitroglycerin (0.5 x 10(-5) mol/liter). It was significantly higher in the GS group than that in the control group (19.2 +/- 8.8% and 28.0 +/- 14.1% versus 9.9 +/- 4.7% and 14.7 +/- 8.1%, p = 0.008 and p = 0.0187, respectively) at the first minute. These results suggest a protective effect on ventricular and coronary vascular function in the rats pretreated with Ginsenosides, indicating potential benefits for long-term heart preservation.
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PMID:Protective effects of pretreatment with ginsenosides on cardiac and coronary vascular function after hypothermic rat heart preservation. 1043 76


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