Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0599766 (functional recovery)
 13,441 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT 1) inhibitor, Etomoxir, on glucose oxidation rates was determined in ischemic hearts reperfused in the presence of fatty acids. Isolated working rat hearts were perfused with 11 mM (14C)-glucose and 1.2 mM palmitate at a 15 cm H2O preload, 80 mm Hg afterload. Hearts were subjected to either 60 min aerobic perfusion, or 15 min work followed by 25 min global ischemia then 60 min of aerobic reperfusion. Steady state glucose oxidation rates in reperfused ischemic hearts were not significantly different from non-ischemic hearts. If 10(-9) M Etomoxir was added immediately prior to reperfusion no significant change in glucose oxidation occurred. Addition of 10(-8) M and 10(-6) M Etomoxir, however, significantly increased glucose oxidation. Etomoxir also significantly improved recovery of mechanical function at a concentration of 10(-8) M or greater. As we previously reported, no significant improvement of function was seen when 10(-9) M Etomoxir was added to the perfusate (Lopaschuk GD et al., Circ Res 63: 1036-1043, 1988). Long chain acylcarnitine levels were significantly reduced in the presence of both 10(-9) M and 10(-8) M Etomoxir. These data demonstrate that the beneficial effect of Etomoxir on reperfusion recovery of ischemic hearts is not due to a lowering of long chain acylcarnitine levels. Etomoxir may improve recovery of function by overcoming fatty acid inhibition of glucose oxidation.
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PMID:Glucose oxidation is stimulated in reperfused ischemic hearts with the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitor, Etomoxir. 277 37

This study tests the hypothesis that irreversible muscle damage does not occur after as long as 6 hours of ischemia before reperfusion, immediate functional recovery is possible by controlling the conditions of reperfusion during total vented bypass and the composition of the reperfusate with substrate-enriched blood cardioplegic solution, and such control can be accomplished without thoracotomy. Of 43 dogs undergoing 2 to 6 hours of left anterior descending coronary occlusion, seven were studied by ultrastructural and mitochondrial analyses after 6 hours of regional coronary occlusion without reperfusion. Sixteen other dogs were reperfused with normal blood, with the heart in the beating state after 2 to 4 hours of ischemia, and 20 dogs received regional substrate-enriched blood cardioplegic reperfusion after 2 to 6 hours of ischemia for 20 minutes during total vented bypass accomplished through the femoral artery, femoral vein, and transaortic left ventricular venting. Six hours of ischemia without reperfusion caused minimal changes in mitochondrial structure and retained mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production capacity at 64% of control values despite complete depletion of tissue adenosine triphosphate. Reperfusion with normal blood in the beating, working hearts caused extensive structural damage, reduced reflow, and failed to restore contractility in any instance (-27% systolic shortening, p less than 0.05). In contrast, regional cardioplegic reperfusion during total vented bypass at 2, 4, and 6 hours caused 52 +/- 3%, 41 +/- 7%, and 21 +/- 6% immediate recovery of regional contractile function. The seven hearts reperfused at 6 hours of ischemia had more segmental shortening (21% versus -27%, p less than 0.05), less edema (81% versus 83% water content, p less than 0.05), and more postischemic flow (57 versus 18 ml/100 gm/min in subendocardial muscle, p less than 0.05) than did 2-hour controls, and postischemic ultrastructure was not altered by reperfusion. Six hours of ischemia does not produce irreversible damage, and immediate recovery of contractile function is possible if the conditions of reperfusion are controlled with total vented bypass and a regional substrate-enriched blood cardioplegic solution is administered. Such control can be obtained by the peripheral cannulation technique.
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PMID:Immediate functional recovery after six hours of regional ischemia by careful control of conditions of reperfusion and composition of reperfusate. 287 24

Newborn rats received intraspinal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine to enduringly deplete spinal norepinephrine (NE). When tested in adulthood for pain sensitivity with a hot water-tail immersion procedure, this neonatal spinal NE lesion lowered tail flick latencies of females but not males. It was postulated that this sexually dimorphic sparing or recovery of function reflected the development of denervation supersensitivity for males but not females. Contrary to expectation from such an hypothesis, females, not males, showed exaggerated sensitivity to the analgesic effects of a test dose of clonidine. Furthermore, neither males nor females showed an increased number of spinal cord binding sites for (3H)para-amino-clonidine [(3H)PAC]. These receptor binding data failed to indicate proliferation of the spinal alpha two adrenoceptor in either sex. That the lesioning of spinal NE terminals did not reduce (3H)PAC binding sites suggests that the spinal alpha two adrenoceptor does not reside exclusively on NE terminals. This is consistent with current conclusions concerning the alpha two adrenoceptor in the cerebral cortex.
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PMID:Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of spinal noradrenergic terminals: nociception, clonidine analgesia and spinal alpha two adrenoceptors. 303 74

Regeneration and functional recovery of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system (HNS) in neurohypophysectomized rats treated with either saline or vasopressin (VP) were analyzed utilizing specific immunohistochemical and physiological measures. Neural lobe ablation combined with VP administration precipitated a profound diabetes insipidus (following cessation of VP delivery) that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Diabetes insipidus was correlated with a drastic reduction in the number of VP-positive neurons in magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei. In contrast, large numbers of oxytocin (OT)-positive neurons survived neurohypophysectomy in VP-treated neurohypophysectomized rats; OT neurons accounted for the vast majority of magnocellular profiles observed in Nissl-counterstained sections. VP-immunoreactive fibers could be observed in limited quantities in the external lamina of the median eminence of VP-treated neurohypophysectomized rats, with little staining evident in the internal lamina. Saline-treated neurohypophysectomized rats exhibited the recovery of antidiuretic function characteristically seen following this lesion, with evidence of survival of considerable numbers of VP and OT neurons and median eminence hypertrophy. Both the internal and external laminae of the median eminence were densely innervated by large-caliber VP and OT fibers. Sham-operated animals receiving VP treatment did not show any long-term deficit in water metabolism, changes in the complement of VP or OT perikarya in hypothalamus, or changes in the innervation of the median eminence. Results indicate that VP treatment following neurohypophysectomy results in extensive retrograde degeneration of magnocellular VP neurons without affecting the survival of OT cells.
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PMID:Selective cell death of magnocellular vasopressin neurons in neurohypophysectomized rats following chronic administration of vasopressin. 330 29

In summary, a natriuresis and diuresis following the relief of BUO is common. This is frequently associated with the reversal of hypertension and other signs of salt and water retention. The need for replacement therapy is best determined from clinical assessment of salt and water status. Only rarely will a prolonged salt-losing state ensue, but the physician must be aware of this possibility, since long-term replacement of water and electrolytes may be required. Recovery of function occurs in two phases, an early tubular phase and a later glomerular phase. The tubular phase appears to be quantitatively more important. There is some disparity between the improvement in creatinine clearance and that in 99mTc DTPA and iohexol clearance, and we would postulate that the initial improvement in creatinine clearance is due to secretion of creatinine during the predominantly tubular phase of recovery. It follows that when assessing renal functional recovery after insertion of a nephrostomy tube or other form of decompression of an obstructed upper urinary tract, these different phases must be borne in mind. Following the relief of UUO, changes in water and electrolyte excretion do occur, but they are rarely of clinical significance.
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PMID:Postobstructive renal function. 331 Jan 74

It has been observed in a proportion of patients, that clinically cardiac asystole persists for a prolonged period during intraoperative reperfusion. To evaluate this phenomenon, isovolumic functional indices (left ventricular [LV] balloon) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MV02) were compared in 22 canine preparations before and after two different interventions. After 45 minutes of normothermic global ischemia, (1) the control group (N = 11) was maintained on cardiopulmonary bypass with the hearts beating empty and (2) the experimental group (N = 11) was subjected to cardioplegia reperfusion at normothermia for one hour. In contradistinction to the initial hypothesis, functional recovery was better in the experimental group compared with the controls. Significant differences were observed in recovery of LV peak developed pressure (LVPDP) (controls, 66.8 +/- 7.3% [mean +/- standard error of the mean], and experimental group, 99.5 +/- 8.9%; p less than 0.05), maximum rate of rise of LV pressure (controls, 116.6 +/- 16.2%, and experimental group, 147.7 +/- 10.1; p less than 0.05), and maximum fall of LV pressure (controls, 100.3 +/- 15.8%, and experimental group, 143.1 +/- 11.5%; p less than 0.05). Correlation between LVPDP and MVO2 was also better preserved in the experimental group (controls: r = 0.15, N = 74, p = 0.18; experimental group: r = 0.47, N = 75, p less than 0.001). Values for myocardial water content and total creatine kinase in the two groups were similar. It was concluded that prolonged asystole during intraoperative reperfusion is not detrimental; on the contrary, there is enhanced functional recovery of the myocardium similar to that seen after secondary cardioplegia.
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PMID:Prolonged asystole during intraoperative myocardial reperfusion: an experimental study. 336 38

In an effort to develop spatial learning tasks not requiring food or water deprivation for use in studies of recovery of function after brain damage, T-maze spatial alternation learning was examined in intact rats using water maze swim-escape procedures. Consistent with previous studies, rewarded spatial alternation involving food or water deprivation was readily learned by intact rats. However, none of the groups of rats trained in the swim-escape tasks learned to alternate goal arm choices in the water maze at reliable rates. This was true regardless of whether non-correction or correction procedures were used, and regardless of intertrial delay intervals. Although average alternation rates over sessions did increase from chance levels, the majority of the rats did not reach criterion levels, even with as many as 38 consecutive days of testing. In contrast, a conditional spatial alternation task in the water maze, using a win-shift procedure, was readily learned. Surprisingly, a win-stay version of this conditional spatial task was not learned over 21 days of testing. These unexpected constraints on spatial learning and memory processes in rats cannot be attributed simply to failure of spatial information processing, nor to strict limitations on working memory in swim-escape tasks, since excellent spatial navigation abilities have been documented, and mastery of at least some working-memory tasks have now been demonstrated in swim-escape tasks.
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PMID:Constraints on water maze spatial learning in rats: implications for behavioral studies of brain damage and recovery of function. 339 40

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that infusion of ATP-MgCl2 during reperfusion following a prolonged period of hypothermic global ischemia would result in enhanced functional recovery of cardiac function. Two groups of dogs (n = 6 each) were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CP) with systemic hypothermia to 28 degrees C and subjected to 150 min of aortic cross-clamping. Crystalloid cardioplegia was infused every 20 min during ischemia. Reperfusion and rewarming were carried out for 20 min before discontinuation of CP bypass. During reperfusion, the experimental group received ATP-MgCl2(1.0 mg/kg/min ATP, 0.33 mg/kg/min magnesium). At 15 and 45 min following bypass, hemodynamic assessment was carried out for each animal by constructing Starling curves over a range of filling pressures at constant heart rate and comparing each animal to its own prebypass control level. The results indicated that ATP-treated animals exhibited complete functional recovery whereas control animals showed marked reduction in hemodynamic performance and myocardial compliance and had a higher myocardial water content (P less than 0.05). We conclude that infusion of ATP-MgCl2 during reperfusion following hypothermic ischemia may help ameliorate reperfusion injury.
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PMID:Reperfusion with ATP-MgCl2 following prolonged ischemia improves myocardial performance. 349 93

Canine bladders were distended for 4 h at 100 cm H2O to study the effects of distension on bladder function and structure. A micturition study was performed before overstretching, immediately after distension and 5 days after it. Bladder function was impaired immediately after distension, compliance and residual urine were increased and the maximum pressure during voiding decreased. The function returned to normal after 5 days. Overstretching caused diffuse or focal submucosal haemorrhages, only rarely fibrosis or necrosis of bladder wall. Electron microscopic changes of the bladder peripheral nerves were slight, the consistent finding being oedema in areas of outer mesoaxons and between cytoplasmic processes of Schwann cells. This change was sometimes accompanied by a rupture of the surrounding basement membrane. Axonal lysis was observed in one case. It is concluded that these anatomical changes, although found at the moment of functional recovery, may be linked to impaired conductivity of nerves in the bladder wall causing, at least partly, its impaired function. This may further decrease bladder instability and after urinary retention cause prolonged micturition problems. Functional recovery occurs, however, quite rapidly in healthy bladders.
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PMID:Effect of distension on function and nervous ultrastructure in the canine urinary bladder. 367 57

To determine if differences exist in the degree of ischemic damage and in postischemic recovery when different coronary arteries are occluded and reperfused, 40 barbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to brief 15-minute periods of coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion ("stunned" myocardium) of the left anterior descending (LAD) or the left circumflex (LCX) coronary arteries. Myocardial segment shortening (%SS) in the subendocardium of nonischemic and ischemic reperfused areas was measured by sonomicrometry, and regional myocardial blood flow was measured by radioactive microspheres. Transmural tissue biopsies were taken at the end of reperfusion for the measurement of adenine nucleotides and total tissue water content. Arterial and local coronary venous blood samples were collected during preocclusion, during occlusion, and at 30 and 180 minutes of reperfusion for determination of blood oxygen content and oxygen consumption in the ischemic area. During occlusion, subendocardial blood flow (LAD flow = 0.11 +/- 0.02; LCX flow = 0.15 +/- 0.04 ml/min/gm), myocardial oxygen consumption (LAD = 2.4 +/- 0.7; LCX = 2.7 +/- 0.7 ml/min/100 gm), and areas of the left ventricle at risk (LAD = 27.4 +/- 2.3%; LCX = 32.4 +/- 2.4) were similar in both groups, thus indicating equivalent degrees of ischemia. There were no differences between groups in hemodynamics throughout the experiment or in the loss of myocardial high-energy phosphates or increase in total tissue water in the ischemic reperfused area at 3 hours of reperfusion. There was a significantly greater loss (p less than 0.05) of systolic wall function during LAD versus LCX occlusion and a greater recovery of segment function from 5 minutes throughout 1 hour of reperfusion after LCX occlusion (p less than 0.05), with no difference in %SS at 2 and 3 hours following reperfusion. Thus, although similar changes occurred in blood flow, metabolite parameters, tissue edema, wall function, and overall hemodynamics when either the LAD or LCX perfusion territories were occluded and reperfused, the loss of systolic wall function and recovery of segment shortening were more variable after regional stunning of the LCX perfusion bed. These data suggest that evaluation of pharmacologic or surgical interventions to improve postischemic functional recovery may be more reliably performed when the LAD coronary artery is the vessel occluded.
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PMID:Regional differences in postischemic recovery in the stunned canine myocardium. 367 75


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