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Query: UMLS:C0599766 (functional recovery)
 13,441 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult normothermic rhesus monkeys were submitted to one hour's complete cerebral ischemia, followed by periods of blood recirculation varying from 45 min to 24 h. The functional impact of ischemia and the subsequent recovery was monitored by electrophysiological recording and a distinction was made between animals with signs of functional recovery and animals without recovery. Prior to ischemia the water content of the gray matter was 81.1 plus or minus 0.3% (mean plus or minus S.D.) and of the white matter 68.9 plus or minus 0.8%. The sodium-potassium ratio in the gray matter was 0.43 plus or minus 0.02 and in the white matter 0.62 plus or minus 0.06. During one hour's ischemia brain water did not change significantly, but the differences in the sodium-potassium ratio in white and gray matter were reduced. Blood recirculation of the brain after ischemia caused a considerable increase in brain water content and a shift in the sodium-potassium ratio up to 1.0. Calculated brain swelling was maximal after 45 min when it reached 11.1% of the total brain volume in an animal with recovery and 12.2% in another one without recovery. In animals with signs of functional recovery brain swelling rapidly diminished, followed by a more gradual normalization of brain electrolytes within 24 h. In animals without functional recovery electrolyte shifts were irreversible or even progressed further. It is concluded that brain swelling and electrolyte derangements following one hour's cerebral ischemia are fully reversible when signs of functional recovery appear and brain metabolism returns.
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PMID:Resuscitation of the monkey brain after one hour's complete ischemia. II. Brain water and electrolytes. 16 36

We report the successful replantation of an amputated leg in a 4-year-old boy. Four years after the replantation, skeletal growth and nerve regeneration were good and he had an excellent recovery of function and appearance. This result was undoubtedly enhanced by his youth, the ideal conditions for nerve repair, and the good preservation of the amputated leg in ice water. Replantation of an amputated lower extermity should be tried if the conditions mentioned above are fulfilled.
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PMID:Successful replantation of an amputated leg in a child. 43 29

Rats that have recovered from aphagia and adipsia following lateral hypothalamic lesions are believed to be incapable of experiencing thirst and to drink water simply to facilitate the consumption of dry food. However, the present results indicate that these animals will drink in response to dehydration of the intracellular or intravascular fluid compartments and to hyperangiotensinemia, if testing continues beyond a few hours. Comparable effects also were obtained in rats with mesencephalic brain damage, which appeared to destroy portions of the substantia nigra and the ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic projections. These findings, when placed in the context of a recent neurochemical model for recovery of function, provide the basis for a new interpretation of the lateral hypothalamic syndrome.
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PMID:Drinking by rats after lateral hypothalamic lesions: a new look at the lateral hypothalamic syndrome. 124 68

Calcium overload during reperfusion after prolonged ischemia has been associated with the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange system. It has been proposed that the promotion of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange at reperfusion may be mediated by Na(+)-H+ exchange. To evaluate whether this hypothesis is applicable for stunned myocardium, we examined the influence of temporary suppression of Na(+)-H+ and/or Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange during early reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. Myocardial stunning was produced by global ischemia for 15 min at 37 degrees C. The initial reperfusate was given during the subsequent 10 min after ischemia, and followed by reperfusion with normal Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution for 40 min. Hemodynamic indices, creatine kinase in coronary effluent, and myocardial water content were measured during reperfusion. The functional recovery of stunned myocardium was improved with higher extracellular Na+ concentration and/or lower Ca2+ concentration of the initial reperfusate. Aortic flow recovery of group II (135 mM Na(+)-0.5 mM Ca2+) was 77.0 +/- 3.4%, which was substantially greater (P < 0.05) than that of other groups: group I (control, 135 mM Na(+)-1.5 mM Ca2+), 68.2 +/- 2.4%; group III (25 mM Na(+)-0.5 mM Ca2+), 48.7 +/- 2.9%; group IV (25 mM Na(+)-1.5 mM Ca2+), 21.6 +/- 1.5%. Administration of amiloride, an inhibitor of Na(+)-H+ exchange, in the initial reperfusate ameliorates cardiac damage and improved aortic flow recovery in a dose-dependent manner (10(-6) M, 70.1 +/- 3.7%; 10(-5) M, 77.3 +/- 1.7%; 10(-4) M, 82.0 +/- 2.1% vs control 68.2 +/- 2.4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Possible involvement of Na(+)-H+ exchange in the early phase of reperfusion in myocardial stunning. 133 12

Blood cardioplegia is considered by many to be the preferred solution for myocardial protection. Proposed benefits include the ability to deliver oxygen and the ability to maintain metabolic substrate stores. However, the decreased capacity of blood to release oxygen at hypothermic conditions as well as the presence of deleterious leukocytes, platelets, and complement may limit complete functional recovery. Fluosol is an asanguineous solution with the ability to bind and release oxygen linearly at low temperatures. Neonatal piglet hearts (24 to 48 hours old) were excised and supported on an isolated, blood-perfused working heart model. After baseline stroke-work index was determined, hearts were arrested with either normocalcemic blood cardioplegia (group 1, n = 8) or normocalcemic Fluosol cardioplegia (group 2, n = 8). Cold cardioplegia was administered at 45 mm Hg every 20 minutes for 2 hours. Hearts were then reperfused with whole blood. Functional recovery, expressed as percent of control stroke-work index, was determined 60 minutes after reperfusion at left atrial pressures of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm Hg. Functional recovery at 60 minutes was similar between group 1 (95%, 93%, 93%, 88%) and group 2 (100%, 94%, 94%, 95%) at left atrial pressures of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm Hg, respectively. Mean lactate consumption 5 minutes after reperfusion was significantly greater (p = 0.0001) in group 1 (31.8 +/- 6.3 micrograms.min-1 x g-1) than in group 2 (-0.59 +/- 0.1 microgram.min-1 x g-1), indicating superior metabolic recovery in the blood cardioplegia hearts. Edema formation, as determined both by water content (group 1, 81.10%; group 2, 81.63%) and by electron microscopy, was not significantly different between groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fluosol cardioplegia results in complete functional recovery: a comparison with blood cardioplegia. 144 1

Continuous hypothermic low-flow infusion of cardioplegic or other preservation solutions has been advocated for extending the maximum duration of storage of donor hearts for transplantation. We report the effect of varying the pressure during continuous infusion of St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution on functional recovery after long-term storage. Isolated working rat hearts (six per group) were aerobically perfused (20 minutes), and control indexes of cardiac function were measured; hypothermic ischemic arrest was then induced by a 3-minute infusion (60 cm H2O) of cold (7.5 degrees C) St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution. Hearts were then stored for 8 hours at 7.5 degrees C, either immersed in St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution (noninfused control) or continuously infused at varying infusion pressures with St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution, which had been both oxygenated and supplemented by the addition of glucose (11.1 mmol/L). After 8 hours of hypothermic ischemia, the rate of cardioplegic infusion was measured as an index of vascular resistance. The hearts were then reperfused (Langendorff) for 30 minutes during which creatine kinase leakage was measured. The hearts were then converted to working preparations for 20 minutes, and the recovery of contractile function was measured and expressed as a percentage of the preischemic control value. In hearts that had been subjected to continuous infusion at 6, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 cm H2O, the recoveries of aortic flow were 0% (p less than 0.05), 38.6% +/- 5.1% (p less than 0.05), 36.2% +/- 3.6% (p less than 0.05), 14.0% +/- 8.0%, 5.8% +/- 2.9%, and 9.9% +/- 4.7%, respectively, and the postischemic leakage of creatine kinase was 98.7 +/- 19.5 (p less than 0.05), 26.2 +/- 4.2, 15.5 +/- 3.4, 30.4 +/- 11.1, 109.8 +/- 21.8 (p less than 0.05), and 136.0 +/- 14.1 (p less than 0.05) IU/30 min/gm dry weight, respectively. In contrast, in noninfused control hearts the recovery of aortic flow was 11.1% +/- 7.5%, and creatine kinase leakage was 58.9 +/- 8.7 IU/30 min/gm dry weight. In conclusion, maximum myocardial preservation was obtained with continuous low-flow hypothermic cardioplegic infusion at pressures between 10 and 20 cm H2O.
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PMID:Long-term preservation of the heart: the effect of infusion pressure during continuous hypothermic cardioplegia. 149 29

This study was performed to define the importance of maintenance of oxidative metabolism as a descriptor and determinant of the potential for functional recovery after revascularization in patients with recent myocardial infarction. In 11 patients (mean interval after infarction 6 days; 5 patients given thrombolytic therapy), positron emission tomography (PET) was performed to characterize myocardial perfusion (with oxygen-15-labeled water), glucose utilization (with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose) and oxidative metabolism (with carbon-11-acetate). Dysfunctional but viable myocardium was differentiated from nonviable myocardium by assessments of regional function before and after coronary revascularization. The impact of coronary revascularization on regional myocardial perfusion and metabolism was assessed in nine patients in whom tomography was repeated after revascularization. Before revascularization, dysfunctional but viable myocardium (19 segments) and nonviable myocardium (10 segments) exhibited relative perfusion equivalent to 74% and 63% of that of normal myocardium (33 segments), respectively (p less than 0.02). Dysfunctional but viable myocardium exhibited oxidative metabolism equivalent to 74% of that of normal myocardium (p less than 0.02). In contrast, in nonviable myocardium, oxidative metabolism was only 45% of that seen in normal (p less than 0.02) and 60% of that in reversibly dysfunctional myocardium (p less than 0.003). Regional glucose utilization (normalized to regional perfusion) in dysfunctional but viable myocardium was higher than that in normal myocardium (p less than 0.02). Nonviable myocardium exhibited lower levels of glucose utilization than did normal tissue (p less than 0.02). However, in both reversibly and persistently dysfunctional myocardium utilization of glucose normalized to relative perfusion was markedly variable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dependence of recovery of contractile function on maintenance of oxidative metabolism after myocardial infarction. 155 24

Behavioral and histological changes in mice following bilateral olfactory bulbectomy were studied. Mice were trained to discriminate between a 0.01% Cycloheximide solution and distilled water. After olfactory bulbs were removed, discrimination was lost, and had not returned 300 days after bulbectomy. The histological changes observed by light microscope were as follow. Degeneration of olfactory epithelium was observed immediately after the bulbectomy, followed by decrement of the epithelial thickness and the number of olfactory cells. An increase in both epithelial thickness and the number of olfactory cells was observed 14 days after the bulbectomy, and epithelial thickness 300 days after the bulbectomy was similar to that of the sham-operation group. At 300 days after the bulbectomy, axons of olfactory cells migrated through the lamina cribrosa, but didn't contact the forebrain. In this study, the olfactory bulb was considered to have played a role in functional recovery of olfactory behavior, and that olfactory cells were continuously renewed under conditions of target organ, i.e. olfactory bulb, loss.
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PMID:[Study of behavioral and histological change in mice following olfactory bulbectomy]. 156 11

This study was performed to assess the effects of NGF infusion alone or in combination with fetal hippocampal transplants on recovery of function after damage to hippocampal dentate granule cells. Two groups of male Fischer-344 rats received bilateral infusions of colchicine (COLCH; 2.5 micrograms/site) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF; 0.5 microliter) through chronic indwelling cannulae into the dentate gyrus. At the time of COLCH injection, a unilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula was implanted. One week later, when animals were tested in activity chambers for 60 min, COLCH-treated rats showed a significant increase in spontaneous locomotor activity. Two weeks after COLCH treatment, animals were assigned to various post-treatment groups and received 1.0 microliter of rat fetal hippocampal cell suspensions (ED-17 or 18) or Earle's basic salt solution in the same site as previous hippocampal infusions. Modified Alzet miniosmotic pumps (0.25 microliter/h) containing NGF (10 ng/microliter) or ACSF with cytochrome C (20 ng/microliter) were implanted subcutaneously and attached to the previously implanted ICV cannulae. The animals were tested for learning ability in a Morris water maze task starting 6 or 12 weeks post-COLCH. During both test periods, COLCH lesions significantly impaired acquisition and retention. At 6 weeks postlesion, NGF treatment ameliorated this COLCH-induced behavioral deficit while the presence of transplants did not ameliorate the COLCH-induced learning deficit. COLCH/transplant/NGF-treated rats performed better than both COLCH-lesioned rats with or without transplants. At 12 weeks postlesion COLCH-induced behavioral deficits were not ameliorated by NGF or transplants. Morphological examination performed after behavioral testing confirmed the presence of viable transplants and COLCH-induced granule cell loss. Exogenous NGF infusions appeared to have no effect on the morphological measures taken. These data demonstrate a time-dependent facilitative effect of exogenously applied NGF on functional deficiencies produced by experimentally induced neurodegeneration in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
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PMID:The effects of NGF and fetal cell transplants on spatial learning after intradentate administration of colchicine. 174 9

Myocardial protection by the water-soluble vitamin E analogue, Trolox, was investigated in 18 regionally ischemic, reperfused porcine hearts. The left anterior descending coronary artery was distally ligated for 45 min and was reperfused for three days. Five grams of Trolox (n = 9) were infused intravenously before coronary occlusion. Treatment was continued with an intravenous dose of 5 grams Trolox/24 hours until the end of the experiment. Infarct size was determined as the ratio of infarcted (tetrazolium stain) to ischemic myocardium (dye technique). Regional systolic shortening was assessed by sonomicrometry. Generation of free radicals by stimulated neutrophils was evaluated by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Plasma concentrations of Trolox were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Aside from heart rate before ischemia, global hemodynamic values including calculated left ventricular oxygen consumption did not differ significantly between the two groups. Plasma concentrations of Trolox measured 1.8 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (before ischemia), 0.96 +/- 0.13 mmol/l (before reperfusion), 0.77 +/- 0.1 mmol/l (40 min of reperfusion), and 0.08 mmol/l (end of the experiment). Generation of free radicals by stimulated neutrophils was reduced by about 30% in the treatment group before ischemia and immediately before reperfusion, but was not reduced at the end of the experiment. Risk regions (control group 19.4 +/- 6 g, treatment group 19.3 +/- 7 g) and infarct sizes (control group 69.3 +/- 8%, treatment group 69.3 +/- 12%) were almost identical. Regional systolic shortening of a control segment and of the risk region were similar in both groups before ischemia, before reperfusion, and after 45 min of reperfusion. After 3 days of reperfusion, regional systolic shortening of the reperfused myocardium of the treated group had recovered to a significantly greater extent (P = 0.027). This parameter amounted to 9 +/- 6% in the treated group and to 3 +/- 3% in the control group. Improved functional recovery was not accompanied by higher tissue concentrations of adenosine triphosphate. It is concluded that the chosen treatment with Trolox does not reduce infarct size but accelerates functional recovery. This finding suggests that the mechanisms resulting in myocardial necrosis during ischemia/reperfusion and in post-ischemic myocardial dysfunction may differ.
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PMID:The effects of Trolox, a water-soluble vitamin E analogue, in regionally ischemic, reperfused porcine hearts. 179 Oct 83


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