Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0599766 (functional recovery)
 13,441 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following systemic injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), young (2-month-old) C57BL/6 mice show decreased dopaminergic (DA) nigrostriatal fibers and DA concentration in the striatum. We transplanted syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic adrenal medullary grafts into the striatum of the MPTP-treated young mice and compared the survivability of grafted chromaffin cells and the recovery of intrinsic host DA fibers using computerized image analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (IR) fibers and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC). The grafted syngeneic adrenal chromaffin cells survived better than allogeneic or xenogeneic chromaffin cells, and host DA nigrostriatal fiber recovery was more prominent in mice with a syngeneic graft than in mice with an allogeneic or xenogeneic graft. However, the degree of host fiber recovery in mice with allogeneic or xenogeneic mice was greater than in mice with a sham operation alone, even though the allografts and xenografts had no surviving chromaffin cells. Allografts and xenografts showed prominent rejection responses, with T lymphocyte infiltration in addition to macrophages. We conclude that a syngeneic adrenal graft survives better than an adrenal allograft or xenograft and promotes recovery of the intrinsic host nigrostriatal DA fibers. We also conclude that grafted chromaffin cell survivability influences the degree of host DA fiber recovery following MPTP depletion. Adrenal medullary grafts to Parkinsonian patients are currently under way in a large number of hospitals; we suggest that greater attention be paid to methods which lead to enhanced survival of the grafted chromaffin cells, since survivability might be closely related to the functional recovery of these patients.
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PMID:The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in MPTP-treated mice shows more prominent recovery by syngeneic adrenal medullary graft than by allogeneic or xenogeneic graft. 186 45

Schwann cells from transected peripheral nerve segments are known to produce nerve growth factor (NGF). We performed adrenal medullary grafts or cografts of adrenal medulla and sciatic nerve into the striatum of MPTP-treated young adult mice, and compared the survivability of grafted chromaffin cells and the recovery of intrinsic host DA fibers using computerized image analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (IR) fibers and neurochemical analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells cografted with sciatic nerve survived better than those in adrenal grafts alone; host DA fiber recovery was more prominent in mice with cografts than in mice with adrenal grafts alone. A large number of TH-IR surviving cells in cografted mice showed long neuronal processes which were rarely seen in the mice receiving adrenal graft alone. We conclude that cograft of adrenal medulla and sciatic nerve promotes intrinsic host DA fiber recovery better than adrenal medulla grafts alone, and that survivability of grafted chromaffin cell may promote host DA fiber recovery. Adrenal medullary autografts have been used in patients with Parkinson's disease; we suggest that if this approach is to be used in the future, methods to increase the survivability of grafted chromaffin cells, such as co-grafting with pieces of peripheral nerve, be considered to enhance the survivability of the chromaffin cells, which might be closely related to the functional recovery of the patients by this grafting procedure. Of course, such strategies as the present cografting approach must be demonstrated to work in older animals using older donor tissue before proceeding to this next step in humans.
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PMID:Cografts of adrenal medulla with peripheral nerve enhance the survivability of transplanted adrenal chromaffin cells and recovery of the host nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in MPTP-treated young adult mice. 198 43

C57BL/6 mice show decreased dopaminergic fibers and dopamine concentration in the striatum following systemic injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We have investigated the effect of adrenal medullary grafts into the striatum of young mice treated with MPTP. Enhanced recovery of the host nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was observed in those adrenal medullary grafted mice. However, this recovery was influenced by the survivability of grafted chromaffin cells and adrenal chromaffin cells from younger donors survived better than those from older donors. Since adrenal chromaffin cells contain several kinds of neurotrophic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor and gangliosides, survivability of those grafted chromaffin cells may play an important role concerning recovery of the host intrinsic dopaminergic fibers. Adrenal medullary grafts to the patients with Parkinson's disease are currently under way in a large number of hospitals and we suggest more consideration be given to methods which lead to enhance the grafted chromaffin cell survival, since those survivability might be closely related to the functional recovery of these patients.
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PMID:[Adrenal medullary graft induces recovery of the host nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease]. 208 33

Epinephrine promotes resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation because of its peripheral vasoconstrictive effects. However, the beta-adrenergic effects of epinephrine may be detrimental because of the stimulation of myocardial oxygen demand. To test whether functional recovery from fibrillation in hearts treated with a selective alpha-adrenergic agent is greater than in hearts treated with epinephrine, ventricular fibrillation was induced in eight isolated dog hearts while coronary perfusion pressure was maintained at 30 mm Hg. In random order, epinephrine (5 micrograms/min), phenylephrine (50 micrograms/min) or no drug was infused for 5 min. The heart was then defibrillated, the drug infusion stopped and coronary perfusion pressure increased to 100 mm Hg. Coronary blood flow (ml/min per 100 g), arteriovenous oxygen difference (ml O2/dl) and myocardial oxygen consumption (ml O2/min per 100 g) measured after 4 min of ventricular fibrillation were greater with epinephrine (mean +/- SD 30.9 +/- 11.7, 17.5 +/- 1.6 and 5.4 +/- 1.9, respectively) than with phenylephrine (24.4 +/- 6.0, 15.7 +/- 2.6 and 3.8 +/- 1.1, respectively) or no drug (19.8 +/- 5.2, 12.8 +/- 1.8 and 2.6 +/- 0.7, respectively) (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation 10 min after defibrillation and restoration of normal coronary perfusion pressure was depressed (percent of prefibrillation value) most by epinephrine infusion (72 +/- 17%, n = 6), less by no drug infusion (82 +/- 12%, n = 4) and was increased after phenylephrine infusion (143 +/- 17%, n = 6) (p less than 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preservation of ventricular function by treatment of ventricular fibrillation with phenylephrine. 237 29

The nerve growth factor (NGF) level in the distal stump of mouse sciatic nerve transected 24 h before increased significantly compared with that in the nontransected contralateral side. This level was higher in aged (24-month-old) mice than in aging (12-month-old) or in young (1-month-old) mice. Adrenal medullary tissue mixed with the pretransected (24 h before) distal stump of the sciatic nerve of aged mice was cografted into the ipsilateral striatum of aged mice with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of dopaminergic system. Two and 4 weeks after transplantation, cografted mice showed partial functional compensation in amphetamine-induced motor asymmetry while mice with adrenal grafts alone did not show the functional recovery. The immunocytochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase revealed large numbers of chromaffin cells surviving in cografted animals. It is concluded that NGF level in the distal stump of pretransected peripheral nerve is increased even in aged animals and cografting of this nerve stump with adrenal medulla can be effectively utilized in aged animals with nigrostriatal insufficiency.
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PMID:Increased nerve growth factor level in the distal stump of transected sciatic nerve in relation to aging and its application for neural grafting. 782 92

Adrenal autotransplantation is a widely used approach to investigate the potential for neural modulation of adrenal cortical function. It is believed that regenerating adrenal transplants are not reinnervated, thereby providing a model to investigate adrenal function in the absence of neural modulation. However, the hypothesis that adrenal transplants become reinnervated has not been directly tested. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the time course, extent, and nature of the reinnervation of the regenerating adrenal transplant and to assess whether the recovery of steroidogenic function and enzyme expression correlates temporally with the presence of innervation. Using immunohistofluorescent detection of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), the innervation of regenerating adrenals was assessed 14-30 days after transplantation of adrenal capsules beneath the kidney capsule in rats. Extensive reinnervation by TH-, NPY-, and VIP-positive fibres was present by 14 days after transplantation including regions of the adrenal capsule and cortex, with only minimal reinnervation by CGRP-positive fibres up to 30 days. TH- and NPY-positive chromaffin cells were also observed in the regenerating transplants. In addition, there was marked recovery of steroidogenic function and steroidogenic enzyme expression up to 30 days. The finding that nerve fibres are present in the transplants during the re-establishment of steroidogenic function and enzyme expression suggests that innervation may modulate the regeneration and functional recovery of adrenal transplants. In an attempt to prevent reinnervation of transplants, adrenal capsules were autotransplanted to denervated kidneys. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that, despite extensive denervation of the kidney tissue, the reinnervation and regeneration of the adrenal transplants still occurred. These data demonstrate the marked capacity of the regenerating adrenal to become reinnervated and reinforces the conclusion that adrenal transplants are an invalid model of denervated adrenal cortical tissue.
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PMID:Rat adrenal transplants are reinnervated: an invalid model of denervated adrenal cortical tissue. 1097 13

A quantitative analysis of zone-specific proliferation was done to determine the recovery of adrenal cortical zonation during regeneration after enucleation. Adult male rats underwent adrenal enucleation [unilateral enucleation (ULE)] or sham surgery, both accompanied by contralateral adrenalectomy. At 2, 5, 10, and 28 days, blood and adrenals were collected to assess functional recovery. Adrenal sections were immunostained for Ki67 (proliferation), cytochrome P-450 aldosterone synthase (P-450aldo, glomerulosa), and cytochrome P-450 11beta-hydroxylase (P-45011beta, fasciculata). Unbiased stereology was used to count proliferating glomerulosa and fasciculata cells. Recovery of fasciculata secretory function occurred by 28 days as reflected by plasma ACTH and corticosterone, whereas glomerulosa function reflected by plasma aldosterone remained low at 28 days. At 5 days, ULE adrenals showed increased Ki67+ cells in the glomerulosa and inner fasciculata, whereas at 10 and 28 days increased proliferation was restricted to the outer fasciculata. These data show that enucleation results in transient elevations in glomerulosa and inner fasciculata cell proliferation followed by a delayed increase in the outer fasciculata. To assess adrenal growth in enucleated adrenals previously suppressed by the presence of an intact adrenal, rats underwent ULE and sham surgery; after 4 wk, the intact adrenal was removed and enucleated adrenals were collected at 2, 5, and 10 days. Overall, proliferation was delayed in this model, but at 5 days, Ki67+ cells increased in the outer fasciculata, whereas by 10 days, increased proliferation occurred in the outer and inner fasciculata. The key novel finding of increased proliferation in the inner fasciculata suggests that the delayed growth of the enucleated adrenal results in part from a regenerative response.
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PMID:Zone-specific cell proliferation during adrenocortical regeneration after enucleation in rats. 1597 74

Purpose. Analysis of functional outcome and complications reported in patients diagnosed with phacomorphic glaucoma, in which phacoemulsification or extracapsular extraction of the lens was performed. Methods. The retrospective study included 38 eyes diagnosed with phacomorphic glaucoma. In 25 cases, group 1, the lens was removed by phacoemulsification and in 13 cases, group 2, by extracapsular extraction. Intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and anterior chamber depth were evaluated preoperative and postoperative. The incidence of intra and postoperative complications was analyzed. The minimum follow-up period was 12 months. Results. The mean IOP decreased from the preoperative value of 38.4 +/ - 11.3 mmHg to 13.5 +/ - 3.4 mmHg in group 1 and 11.5 +/ - 3.2 mmHg in group 2. Persistent corneal edema was observed in 32% patients from group 1 and 23% of the patients from group 2. The inflammatory reaction of anterior chamber prevailed in patients from group 2 (46.1%). ACD modified from the preoperative mean of 1.3 +/- 0.5 mm to 2.3 +/- 0.2 mm in both groups. At the end of follow-up in both groups, the average BCVA was 0.6. 18.42% of the cases required long-term topical hypotensive therapy. Conclusions. Both phacoemulsification and extracapsular extraction were safe and effective procedures in the treatment of phacomorphic glaucoma, ensuring a rapid functional recovery and a satisfactory long-term IOP control. Although the rate of immediate postoperative complications and the final functional outcome were better in patients treated with phacoemulsification, not all the cases could be subjected to this type of surgery.
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PMID:Functional results of cataract surgery in the treatment of phacomorphic glaucoma. 2945 Mar 99