Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0599766 (functional recovery)
 13,441 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One-hundred consecutive human renal allograft Tru-cut needle biopsies were studied for in vitro proliferation of T lymphocytes under restrictive culture conditions containing low-dose recombinant interleukin 2. Each biopsy was entered into a blinded code and evaluated prospectively for visual evidence of growth at 24 hr and for sustained growth. Those T cell populations exhibiting sustained growth were then evaluated for cell surface phenotype by FACS; for allospecific cytotoxicity by 51Cr release; for a proliferative response to alloantigen by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine; and for secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha in response to alloantigenic stimulation by ELISA. All results were compared with clinical diagnosis, immunosuppression at time of biopsy, diagnosis and phenotype by immunopathology, short-term outcome and long-term graft survival. Growth at 24 hr was predictive of acute cellular rejection (P less than 0.0005), unrelated to chronic rejection (P = 0.663) or maintenance immunosuppression (P = 0.911), and inversely correlated with cyclosporine toxicity (P = 0.051) and treatment with OKT3 (P = 0.014). The CD4/CD8 ratio of the sustained T cell populations was unrelated to that seen on histological examination (correlation coefficient = -0.098 and 0.044 for diffuse and aggregate infiltrates, respectively). Cytotoxic specificity for HLA class II was mediated by CD4+ cells and for HLA class I by CD8+ cells. Enhanced secretion of IL-2 in response to alloantigen distinguished those cells associated with irreversible allograft damage from those associated with complete functional recovery (P = 0.01). This study demonstrates that early evaluation of T cell proliferation in vitro identifies activated T cell infiltrates mediating acute cellular allograft rejection in a time frame suitable for clinical diagnostic application. It strengthens the concept that donor-specific cytotoxicity is governed by the stabilization of the alloantigen-T-cell receptor interaction by the accessory molecules CD4 and CD8, but either interaction is equally able to participate in an episode of acute rejection. Irreversible graft injury is associated with infiltrating cells that are capable of amplifying their responsiveness through secretion of IL-2.
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PMID:Renal allograft-infiltrating lymphocytes. A prospective analysis of in vitro growth characteristics and clinical relevance. 137 Nov 94

Immature myeloid dendritic cells (DC) phagocytose yeasts and hyphae of the fungus Candida albicans and induce different Th cell responses to the fungus. Ingestion of yeasts activates DC for production of IL-12 and Th1 priming, while ingestion of hyphae induces IL-4 production and Th2 priming. In vivo, generation of antifungal protective immunity is induced upon injection of DC ex vivo pulsed with Candida yeasts but not hyphae. In the present study we sought to determine the functional activity of DC transfected with yeast or hyphal RNA. It was found that DC, from either spleens or bone marrow, transfected with yeast, but not hyphal, RNA 1) express fungal mannoproteins on their surface; 2) undergo functional maturation, as revealed by the up-regulated expression of MHC class II Ags and costimulatory molecules; 3) produce IL-12 but no IL-4; 4) are capable of inducing Th1-dependent antifungal resistance when delivered s.c. in vivo in nontransplanted mice; and 5) provide protection against the fungus in allogeneic bone marrow-transplanted mice, by accelerating the functional recovery of Candida-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) donor lymphocytes. These results indicate the efficacy of DC pulsed with Candida yeasts or yeast RNA as fungal vaccines and point to the potential use of RNA-transfected DC as anti-infective vaccines in conditions that negate the use of attenuated microorganisms or in the case of poor availability of protective Ags.
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PMID:Dendritic cells pulsed with fungal RNA induce protective immunity to Candida albicans in hematopoietic transplantation. 1188 61

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) were previously reported to ameliorate neuronal functional deficits in the MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice by inducing T cell anergy. Human Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) recently was found to promote myelogenesis and reduce inflammation in CNTF-deficient EAE mice. We ectopically overexpressed CNTF in human MSCs to investigate its potential role in promoting remyelination and improving functional recovery in EAE mice. MSCs transfected by Ad-CNTF-IRES-EGFP (MSC-CNTF) were injected intravenously into EAE mice 10 days after the immunization. Neurological functional tests were scored daily by grading clinical signs (score 0-6). Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to detect MSC-CNTF in spinal cord. Expression of NG2, CNTF, and cleaved caspase-3 was measured by immunohistochemistry. CNTF expression was also analyzed by Western blot. Myelin was detected by Solochrome Cyanin staining. Our results found that CNTF concentration in MSC-CNTF cells was 20-fold higher than that in either MSC or Ad-EGFP-transfected MSCs (MSC-EGFP) in vitro. Mice receiving MSC-CNTF cells showed remarkable neuronal functional recovery: the cumulative clinical scores were significantly decreased, and the disease onset was statistically delayed. Mice receiving MSC-CNTF cells showed reduced TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and increased the level of cytokine IL-10 in peripheral blood and a large number of MSC-CNTF cells were detected in the spleen, but were not detected in other organs such as lung, liver and kidney. In the lesions of these mice, 1) the number of cleaved caspase3-positive cells was significantly reduced; 2) MSC-CNTF- and NG2-positive cells were significantly increased; and 3) the expression of CNTF was dramatically increased. In addition, demyelination was significantly reduced in MSC-CNTF mice. These data indicated that MSC-CNTF may improve functional recovery in EAE mice, possibly by exerting their immunoregulatory activity, inhibiting inflammation, homing MSC-CNTF cells to the lesions, elevating CNTF expression, reducing demyelination, and stimulating oligodendrogenesis.
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PMID:Overexpression of CNTF in Mesenchymal Stem Cells reduces demyelination and induces clinical recovery in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. 1908 Nov 44

Histamine (HA) is a biogenic amine with multiple activities in the immune system. In this study we demonstrate that histamine-free histidine decarboxylase-deficient (HDC(-/-)) mice present a numerical and functional deficit in invariant NK T (iNKT) cells as evidenced by a drastic decrease of IL-4 and IFN-gamma production. This deficiency was established both by measuring cytokine levels in the serum and intracellularly among gated iNKT cells. It resulted from the lack of HA, because a single injection of this amine into HDC(-/-) mice sufficed to restore normal IL-4 and IFN-gamma production. HA-induced functional recovery was mediated mainly through the H4 histamine receptor (H4R), as assessed by its abrogation after a single injection of a selective H4R antagonist and the demonstration of a similar iNKT cell deficit in H4R(-/-) mice. Our findings identify a novel function of HA through its H4R and suggest that it might become instrumental in modulating iNKT cell functions.
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PMID:Cutting edge: histamine receptor H4 activation positively regulates in vivo IL-4 and IFN-gamma production by invariant NKT cells. 1915 66