Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0599766 (functional recovery)
 13,441 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It was hypothesized that heterologous anti-rat visceral yolk sac serum (AVYS) exerts its teratogenic effect by reducing the endocytosis of serum proteins by the visceral yolk sac (VYS), thus reducing the supply of amino acids to the embryo and VYS. To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied the effect of teratogenic AVYS on the endocytic function of the VYS and the ultrastructure of the VYS and parietal yolk sac (PYS). Rat conceptuses were exposed to a teratogenic dose of AVYS on the 10th day of gestation in vivo or in vitro. Control and AVYS-exposed specimens were collected 24-192 hr later and prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively) utilizing standard procedures. The Endocytic Index was calculated for the VYS utilizing standard procedures. Approximately 97% of the in vivo exposed and 94% of the in vitro exposed embryos were morphologically abnormal. Ultrastructural observations showed that exposure to AVYS in vivo or in vitro caused severe damage to the VYS endodermal epithelial cells with loss of cellular borders, reduction in the number and length of microvilli, and increased cellular inclusions; and some damage to PYS endodermal cells with increased blebbling and decreased cell number. Recovery was evident at 72 hr and complete by 96 hr. The Endocytic Index was significantly reduced in the VYS 24 and 48 hr after injecting AVYS into the pregnant rat but was not significantly different at 96 and 192 hr. Our results show that the AVYS antiserum damaged visceral endodermal epithelium experienced ultrastructural recovery with parallel functional recovery. These studies suggest that transient yolk sac placental ultrastructural damage and dysfunction was probably sufficient to cause irreversible damage to the developing embryo during early organogenesis. We conclude that the proximate effect of the AVYS was on the plasma membrane of the visceral endoderm and that decreased pinocytosis is a consequence of this effect.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and function of the rat yolk sac: damage caused by teratogenic anti-VYS serum and recovery. 192 77

Morphologic changes in the tegmentum vasculosum (TV) of adult quail after high intensity sound exposure were studied. Quail were continuously exposed to 115 dB SPL, 1500 Hz pure tone in a sound field for 12 h and either sacrificed immediately (0 day), 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 10 days later. Serial sections through the basilar papilla at 100 micron intervals from base to apex were obtained for study with light microscopy and TEM. Significant morphologic changes were found within the TV of quail sacrificed on days 0-4. On a quantitative scale, the majority of recovery occurred within the first 24 h. After four days survival the tegmentum appeared nearly normal. This recovery correlates well with the temporal pattern of threshold shift recovery. These results demonstrate a temporal correlation between ultrastructural changes in the TV and functional recovery of hearing after intense sound exposure. A potential etiologic role of the TV in avian temporary threshold shift is suggested.
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PMID:Recovery of noise-induced changes in the dark cells of the quail tegmentum vasculosum. 760 91

Upregulating hepatocyte function in proliferating human liver cell lines could provide cells for a bio-artificial liver. Ideally, a means of mimicking the biological extracellular matrix with a relatively inert, bio-compatible matrix is required. Alginate encapsulation of primary hepatocytes is biocompatible. This study aimed to characterize cells grown in a 3D configuration in alginate. A human-derived liver cell line encapsulated in 1% alginate was assessed for synthetic and detoxification functions. Secreted proteins measured (e.g., albumin, fibrinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin etc.) were increased in alginate compared with monolayers. Cytochrome P450 1A1 activity increased three- to fourfold, whilst urea synthesis, undetectable in monolayer cultures, was synthesized by cells in alginate at levels approaching in vivo production. TEM revealed good ultrastructure reminiscent of normal hepatocytes. Alginate promotes 3D colonies of proliferating cells with upregulated liver functions. Rapid recovery of function of cryopreserved cells (< 18 h) provides added advantages for this system to support the biological component of an artificial liver for patients with fulminant hepatic failure.
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PMID:Three-dimensional in vitro cell culture leads to a marked upregulation of cell function in human hepatocyte cell lines--an important tool for the development of a bioartificial liver machine. 1041 81

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health care condition with limited current treatment options. Within this context, stem cells may provide a clinical approach for AKI. Moreover, a synthetic compound previously developed, hyaluronan monoesters with butyric acid (HB), able to induce metanephric differentiation, formation of capillary-like structures, and secretion of angiogenic cytokines, was tested in vitro. Thereafter, we investigated the effects of human mesenchymal stem cells from fetal membranes (FMhMSCs), both treated and untreated with HB, after induction of ischemic AKI in a rat model. At reperfusion following 45-min clamping of renal pedicles, each rat was randomly assigned to one of four groups: CTR, PBS, MSC, and MSC-HB. Renal function at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days was assessed. Histological samples were analyzed by light and electron microscopy and renal injury was graded. Cytokine analysis on serum samples was performed. FMhMSCs induced an accelerated renal functional recovery, demonstrated by biochemical parameters and confirmed by histology showing that histopathological alterations associated with ischemic injury were less severe in cell-treated kidneys. HB-treated rats showed a minor degree of inflammation, both at cytokine and TEM analyses. Better functional and morphological recovery were not associated to stem cells' regenerative processes, but possibly suggest paracrine effects on microenvironment that induce retrieval of renal damaged tissues. These results suggest that FMhMSCs could be useful in the treatment of AKI and the utilization of synthetic compounds could enhance the recovery induction ability of cells.
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PMID:Mesenchymal stem cells in renal function recovery after acute kidney injury: use of a differentiating agent in a rat model. 2109 14

To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen intervention on the microenvironment of nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury modeling and to explore the possible mechanism of nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. In 98 adult female SD rats, 90 successful models were obtained, which were divided into sham group, spinal cord injury group and hyperbaric oxygen group using randomized block method, 30/group. Spinal cord injury rat model was established in accordance with the modified Allen method. Motor function was assessed at the time points of before modeling, one day, three days, one week, two weeks, three weeks and four weeks after modeling respectively by BBB rating, inclined plane test and improved Tarlov score. At 3 days after modeling, apoptosis of neuronal cells in spinal cord injury region in experimental group was detected by TUNEL method; gene and protein expression of MMP9/2 in spinal cord injury and surrounding tissues was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assay. At 4 weeks after modeling, histopathological morphological changes in spinal cord injury were observed by HE staining; fluorogold retrograde tracing was used to observe the regeneration and distribution of spinal cord nerve fibers and axon regeneration was observed by TEM. The three motor function scores in hyperbaric oxygen group at each time point after two weeks of treatment were significantly increased compared with spinal cord injury group (P < 0.05). At 3 d after modeling, apoptosis index in hyperbaric oxygen group were significantly lower than those in spinal cord injury group (P < 0.05). At 72 h after modeling, compared with spinal cord injury group, MMP9/2 gene and protein expression in hyperbaric oxygen group was significantly lower (P < 0.05). At four weeks after modeling, fluorogold positive nerve fibers were the most sham group, followed by hyperbaric oxygen group and spinal cord injury group in order; the differences among the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Under TEM, newborn unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers could be observed in the middle cross-section in the sham group and hyperbaric oxygen group; unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers in hyperbaric oxygen group were more than those in spinal cord injury group. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy played a protective effect on spinal cord injury through reducing apoptosis of neuronal cells and expression of MMP9/2 gene and protein in rats with spinal cord injury.
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PMID:Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on MMP9/2 expression and motor function in rats with spinal cord injury. 2662 74

BACKGROUND Transplantation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-Exo) can improve the recovery of neurological function in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We tested a new hypothesis that BDNF-mediated MSCs-Exo could effectively promote functional recovery and neurogenesis of rats after TBI. MATERIAL AND METHOD BMSCs of rats were extracted by whole bone marrow culture, BDNF was added to BMSCs for intervention, supernatant was collected, and exosomes were separated and purified by hypercentrifugation. Exosomes were identified by WB, TEM and particle size analysis and subsequently used in cell and animal experiments. We investigated the recovery of sensorimotor function and spatial learning ability, inflammation inhibition and neuron regeneration in rats after TBI. RESULTS Compared with group MSCs-Exo, group BDNF-mediated MSCs-Exo showed better effects in promoting the recovery of sensorimotor function and spatial learning ability. BDNF-mediated MSCs-Exo successfully inhibited inflammation and promoted neuronal regeneration in vivo and in vitro. We further analyzed miRNA in BDNF-mediated MSCs-Exo and MSCs-Exo, and found that the expression of miR-216a-5p in BDNF-mediated MSCs-Exo was significantly higher than that in MSCs-Exo by qRT-PCR. Rescue experiment indicated that miR-216a-5p has a similar function to BDNF-mediated MSCs-Exo. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that BDNF-mediated MSCs-Exo can better promote neurogenesis and inhibit apoptosis than MSCs-Exo in rats after TBI, and the mechanism may be related to the high expression of miR-216a-5p.
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PMID:Protective effect of BMSCs-derived exosomes mediated by BDNF on TBI via miR-216a-5p. 3215 May 31