Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(1) Passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay are suitable methods for the detection of AFP in the low concentration range. (2) In 3.72% of the cases a clinically unknown carcinoma was found in an unselected group of patients with liver cirrhosis. (3) 21.9% of the patients showed AFP elevations up to 2000 ng/ml. In 10.6% of this group, increasing titers demonstrated a primary liver cell carcinoma. In 89.4% a transitory rise of AFP was not associated with tumor growth. Levels return to normal values within three months in 90% of the cases. (4) Transitory AFP elevations are not correlated to clinical conditions (praecoma, coma, delirium, bleeding, ascites, shunt) or to biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, bilirubin, prothrombin complex time, gamma-globulin). (5) A temporary rise in AFP is more frequently observed in groups with high hepatoma incidence than in groups with low hepatoma incidence. (6) Therefore, it may be suggested that a transitory rise of AFP could reflect a "primary reaction" of carcinogenesis. (7) Primary liver cell carcinoma is found to be more frequent in posthepatitic than in postalcoholic, cryptogenic, and other cirrhosis and to be more frequent in australia-antigen positive than in australia-antigen negative cases. (8) Routine serological tumor antigen screening of patients with a precancerous disease is useful.
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PMID:Early detection of hepatoma: prospective study in liver cirrhosis using passive hemagglutination and the radioimmunoassay. 5 21

Tansplantability, growth, morphology, and function of xenotransplanted human tumors, such as carcinomas of the lung, liver, breast, choriocarcinoma, and blastomas of the liver, lung, kidney, and uterus, are described. From the tumor take rate, it is clear that xenotransplantation cannot be used for the study of every human tumor: slow-growing tumors are difficult to analyze, and functioning adenomas and low-grade malignant carcinomas are at present almost impossible to study by this approach. From the authors' transplantation experience, tumor antigenicity to nude mice with no T-cell function, either tumor specific or species specific, was suspected. Therefore, the growth in nude mice may not equate to that in the human body. The stroma of the transplanted tumor, which is most likely of mouse origin, might also alter the growth rate, as it did the histology of some tumors. Another possible hindrance that has not been described in the text is the mouse endogenous virus. Serially transplanted human tumors are often infected with C particles, which could well influence the tumor growth and character. In spite of the presence of some factors unfavorable for the study of human tumors through xenotransplantation, it has, nevertheless, been clearly shown that the nude mouse/human tumor system is a very useful tool for functional analysis of tumors in relation to growth, differentiation, and morphology, such as eutopic or ectopic production of various hormones, AFP, normal serum proteins, colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and so on. This system can be employed to elucidate the production of many other biologically active and inactive substances by a variety of tumors and their effects on the host in the future and should provide better understanding of human cancers. Attempts to induce differentiation and to change the biologic behavior of xenotransplanted human malignant tumors have failed so far, except for induced dormancy of breast carcinoma under unfavorable hormonal conditions. This line of investigation may have particular import on cancer research, particularly in relation to the biology and treatment of human cancers.
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PMID:Growth, morphology, and function of xenotransplanted human tumors. 9 41

Cell kinetics in human hepatoma xenograft in nude mice after gamma irradiation was studied using flow cytometry (FCM) method and the changes of AFP in the xenograft were measured by radioimmunological assay. After 10 Gy irradiation, a marked tumor growth delay for 10 days was observed. Cell cycle analysis revealed an acute but temporary block of cell cycling at G2. About 58% cells were in the G2 phase lasting for 90 hours post-irradiation. A concomitant decrease in serum AFP determined by RIA was also observed. The results indicate that the human hepatoma was quite radio-sensitive.
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PMID:[Changes in cell cycle of human hepatoma xenograft in nude mice after irradiation]. 169 52

Combination therapy with hyperthermia and immuno-targeting chemotherapy was studied using conjugate of anti-AFP-antibody and adriamycin on AFP producing hepatocellular carcinoma (HC-4) in nude mice. Experimental groups were designed as follows; A. Control B. Adriamycin alone C. Conjugate alone D. Hyperthermia alone E. Adriamycin and hyperthermia F. Conjugate and hyperthermia. Hyperthermia was performed immediately after administration of ADM-conjugate (8.0 mg/kg as ADM) or ADM alone (8.0 mg/kg). Heating in the water bath was continued for 30 minutes at 42 degrees C or 40 degrees C and drug was injected intraperitoneally. Hyperthermic therapy at 42 degrees C along with ADM-conjugate completely inhibited the tumor growth compared with others. The serum AFP was undetectable level. The effectiveness of this treatment was also histologically confirmed. Tumor concentration of ADM remained at a significantly higher level for a prolonged period comparing other groups. Growth of HC-4 was completely suppressed by the combination therapy of hyperthermia and immuno-targeting chemotherapy. One of the probable causes of this antitumor effect may be due to prolonged and high level of ADM concentration in the tumor.
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PMID:[Effects of combination therapy with hyperthermia and immuno-targeting chemotherapy using anti-AFP antigen on hepatocellular carcinoma]. 169 58

Among the three placental proteins discussed, HCG is the only clinically useful tumor marker, and the value of HCG measurements is restricted to patients with gestational and nongestational trophoblastic disease. In patients with gestational trophoblastic disease, HCG levels may serve as an adjunct for the diagnosis, provide prognostic information, and be an objective parameter to evaluate the effects of therapy. Little or no additional information is obtained from HPL or SP-1 measurements. In patients with germ cell neoplasms of the testis, HCG measurements add useful information for clinical staging and monitoring of therapy, although discordance between tumor growth and HCG levels can be found in patients whose tumors contain several different elements. Therefore, AFP measurements must be made as well in these patients to monitor disease activity. Neither HPL nor SP-1 measurements are useful in these patients. None of the placental proteins are useful for screening, as prognostic indicators, or for evaluating the effects of therapy in groups of patients with nontrophoblastic neoplasms. In some patients with nontrophoblastic malignancies, each of the markers may accurately reflect changes in tumor burden during therapy. However, the problems with specificity and sensitivity of the tests and the fact that the majority of patients whose tumors produce the hormone have circulating concentrations that are at the limits of detection of the assays decrease the utility of these measurements and render them cost-ineffective for routine patient care.
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PMID:Placental proteins as tumor markers. 171 70

Twenty four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who refused surgery or had unresectable tumor ranging 2.5 to 8.0 cm in size were treated with intrahepatic arterial injection of iodine-131-labeled iodized oil (I-131 Lipodol) in an attempt to achieve internal radiation of tumor. 555-2,220 MBq in 3-8 ml of I-131 Lipiodol was injected into the hepatic artery or proximal to the tumor feeding vessel depending on the tumor size. Tumor size reduction was observed in 88.9% of tumor smaller than 4.0 cm in diameter, 65.5% between 4.1 to 6.0 cm, and 25.0% of larger than 6.1cm, respectively. The tumor size reduction was corresponded to the gradual drop of serum AFP levels, decreased uptake on gallium-67 scintigraphy, and devascularization on follow-up angiography. Tumors having significant A-V shunts revealed further tumor growth. Adverse reactions from the treatment include fever, mild abdominal pain, nausea and elevation of transaminases. These have been mild and well-tolerated by the patients. This method was able to provide long term local control without complications related to thyroid, lung, GI tract and bone marrow.
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PMID:Nodular hepatocellular carcinoma--treatment with intraarterial injection of I-131 Lipiodol. 217 7

The anticancer drug, DNR, was conjugated to an affinity-purified horse antibody to human AFP (aAFP) via a dextran bridge. The conjugate (immunoglobulin: DNR molar ratio, 1:50) was twice as potent as free DNR in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay against an AFP-producing human yolk sac tumor. The in vivo effect of aAFP, DNR, and the conjugate was tested against the human yolk sac tumor growing in nude mice. The conjugate, at a concentration of DNR containing the equivalent amount of 20 micrograms or 70 micrograms/mouse significantly retarded tumor growth whereas free aAFP showed only a slight inhibition of tumor growth compared to the PBS-treated control. Mice which received 20 micrograms/mouse of free DNR showed a moderate retardation of tumor growth whereas those which received 70 micrograms/mouse of DNR or a mixture of DNR and aAFP showed emaciation and early death due to acute toxicity of the drug. These results suggest that the anti-body-drug conjugate accumulated preferentially on the AFP-producing tumor cells and that cytotoxicity occurred.
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PMID:Evaluation of a conjugate of purified antibodies against human AFP-dextran-daunorubicin to human AFP-producing yolk sac tumor cell lines. 242 98

The anticancer drug mitomycin C (MMC) was conjugated with an affinity-purified horse antibody to human alpha-fetoprotein (aAFP) with human serum albumin (HSA) as the intermediate drug carrier. The conjugate (aAFP:HSA:MMC molar ratio, 1:1:30) retained full antibody binding activity as determined by a competitive binding radioimmunoassay. In a cytotoxicity test in which the AFP-producing human yolk sac tumor TG-1 cells were preincubated with test materials for 2 h followed by an additional 48-h culture in fresh medium, the conjugate was 20-fold more cytotoxic than free MMC at an equivalent MMC concentration of 100 ng/ml. The in vivo antitumor effect of the conjugate was tested against the human yolk sac tumor JOG-9 growing in athymic nude mice. When the tumor-bearing mice were treated with a total of 6 injections given on 2 consecutive days and then every other day starting 8 days after SC tumor inoculation [2 (equivalent MMC) microgram/head per injection], the conjugate retarded tumor growth more effectively than free MMC and normal horse immunoglobulin conjugate.
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PMID:Selective in vitro and in vivo growth inhibition against human yolk sac tumor cell lines by purified antibody against human alpha-fetoprotein conjugated with mitomycin C via human serum albumin. 243 Jul 5

Radiation dosimetry and monoclonal antibody (MAB)-targeted radiotherapy studies were performed to evaluate the feasibility of using tumor-preferential MAB as targeting agents for internal radiotherapy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two human RCC xenograft lines, TK-177G and TK-82, were established in nude mice and studied using MAB A6H as a targeting agent. This MAB has previously demonstrated excellent in vivo localization to RCC xenografts. Two doses of A6H (13 to 19 micrograms) labeled with iodine 131 (110 to 130 microCi) caused the tumor to regress or arrested the tumor growth in both xenografts. Similar doses (18 to 43 micrograms; 120 microCi) of 131I-labeled control MAB AFP-22 or of unlabeled A6H did not inhibit tumor growth. While most mice in the control groups had tumors greater than 250 mg in weight by day 43, none of the tumors in mice treated with 131I-labeled A6H grew to that size during the 3-month observation period. Sequential computerized scintigraphy was used to calculate the amount of radioisotope localized in tumor versus normal mouse tissue. Therapeutic doses of 131I-labeled A6H delivered a median calculated radiation dose of 38 cGy/microCi (range, 28 to 57) injected dose to RCC xenografts, and a median of 0.9 cGy/microCi to normal mouse tissues. These findings suggest that A6H is able to target radioisotopes highly specifically to RCC and achieve a therapeutic effect in the experimental setting.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody-targeted radiotherapy of renal cell carcinoma using a nude mouse model. 245 55

Biological characteristics of the tumor may be different in various growth sites. Comparison of subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intrahepatic transplantations in nude rat bearing hepatocellular carcinoma was carried out. The previous characteristics of histologic morphology, cell type and synthesis of AFP were still preserved in those three transplantations. The successful transplantation rate was high, latent stage short and speed of the tumor growth fast in the subcutaneous route. AFP level was the highest in intrahepatic route. Successful transplantation rate was high, latent stage short and speed of the tumor growth fast in the intrahepatic route as compared with intraperitoneal route. Tumor invasion and metastasis were often observed in intraperitoneal and intrahepatic routes. The results indicate that the tumor growth condition provided by body sites is different. Tumor invasion and metastasis are related to the tissue environment besides its potential. Each of the three routes has its advantages and disadvantages which should be selected according to different requirement for cancer research.
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PMID:[Comparative study on subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intrahepatic transplantations in nude rat bearing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)]. 248 5


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