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Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parenteral and enteral nutrition are being used as adjuncts to cancer therapy. A liquid diet formulation containing a 27% solution of glucose and 3.9% crystalline amino acids with electrolytes and vitamins was given continuously for a week via parenteral (iv), and via intragastric (ig) routes and also was given ad libitum via the oral or per os (po) route to groups of Buffalo rats with and without a Morris No. 7777 transplantable hepatoma to find out how these feeding procedures affect tumor-host interactions. Other groups of rats with and without the hepatoma were given solid food ad libitum. The following parameters were examined: mortality, carcass and organ weights, body and tumor growth, nitrogen balance, energy intake, fluid balance, urinalysis, hematology values, and serum protein levels. The results are considered with respect to the influence of the tumor on the host and the influence of the feeding procedure on the animal with and without a tumor. The presence of the hepatoma was associated with: higher mortality, a decrease in carcass mass, leucocytosis, anemia, a decrease in serum IgG, transferrin and albumin, and an increase in serum alpha fetoprotein. The iv and ig feeding procedures alone resulted in some mortality which was exacerbated by the presence of the tumor. Mortality was especially high in the tumorous rats on the ig feeding procedure. The degree of positive nitrogen balance and carcass mass was similar in non-tumorous rats fed the same liquid diet formula when given iv, ig, or po. Tumorous rats fed the liquid diet ad libitum showed anorexia and a significantly lower nitrogen balance. The iv and ig feeding of tumorous rats at a level which was well above those of the tumorous rats given solid or liquid diet ad libitum maintained the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats. Even though the iv feeding of tumorous rats maintained about the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats, these tumorous rats still suffered loss of carcass mass. It appears that the large rapidly growing hepatoma has priority for available nutrition over the host. It is further suggested that the rapidly growing hepatoma places an ever increasing demand on the available nutrients. Thus, a point is eventually reached where even supplemental nutritional support can no longer meet the needs of the growing hepatoma and the host.
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PMID:Tumor-host responses to various nutritional feeding procedures in rats. 10 99

Rats bearing the Morris hepatoma No. 7777 were randomized into three treatment groups. Two of the groups received a nutritionally complete liquid formula diet per os ad libitum. One of these two groups received hydrazine sulfate (HS; an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis) twice daily (15 mg/kg) for 5 days. A third group of tumorous rats received the HS therapy and was given the liquid diet parenterally for 5 days. Tumorous rats fed per os, especially with HS therapy demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth, reduction of body and carcass weight, anorexia and decreased nitrogen retention. The combination of parenteral feeding and HS therapy sustained body and carcass weight with high nitrogen retention but stimulated tumor growth and was associated with liver toxicity. These results support the concept that cancer cachexia involves 'a systemic energy-losing cycle dependent on an interplay of tumor glycolysis and gluconeogenesis'.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition and inhibition of gluconeogenesis on tumor-host responses. 11 15

The tumor-inhibitory effect of an intralesional injection of Propionibacterium acnes was of limited duration ("finite"). Our model was the DBA/2 syngeneic mouse injected with P815 mastocytoma cells (5 X 10(5)) into each rear footpad; only the left was treated, leaving the right as a "pseudometastasis." The finite effect occurred at approximately 21 days after the first treatment. Subsequent i.p. treatments with P. acnes did not alter this effect, although they increased mean survival time. With one footpad tumor, we achieved 22% cures with complete regression and no sign of metastatic growth. A RNA fraction from P. acnes produced inhibition of tumor growth, but crude cell walls and cell walls treated with Pronase had no effect. A P. acnes cytoplasmic fraction with tumor-inhibitory activity was pelleted by high-speed centrifugation; this fraction inhibited P815 mastocytoma as fully as whole cells injected in one-fifth the dose on a nitrogen basis and did not cause a local inflammatory reaction. The activity of the pellet also differed from whole cells in that it was equally inhibitory to the pseudometastasis in the contralateral right rear footpad. The cytoplasmic fraction apparently contained at least two active components since activity was obtained at two dilution levels. Such activity was relatively stable at 5 degrees, but it was unstable at -30 degrees.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium parvum) and isolated cytoplasmic fractions. 40 91

A complete remission of widely metastatic bladder carcinoma was obtained with chemotherapy in a 41-year-old man. Severe persistent anorexia led to a 33% weight loss. The anorexia correlated with an elevated sucrose recognition threshold. Following 16 days of intravenous hyperalimentation, taste sensation returned to normal, anorectic symptoms cleared, and weight gain and positive nitrogen balance resulted. There was no stimulation of tumor growth. Restoration of nutritional deficits with intravenous hyperalimentation can improve taste function and appetite so that adequate oral alimentation can be tolerated.
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PMID:Correction of taste abnormality of malignancy with intravenous hyperalimentation. 41 88

Outbred Swiss mice of the Hebrew University strain were subtotally nephrectomized. The experimental and control animals were both divided into two subgroups, with one group kept on a regular animal house diet and one on a low-protein diet. All the animals were injected with Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells s.c. into the neck region. Two weeks later, the animals were killed and the tumor was excised and weighed to the nearest milligram. Tumor size in the uremic animals--the nephrectomized animals kept on a regular diet--was significantly smaller than in all other groups, which had blood urea nitrogen levels well within the normal range. It is suggested that urea may be a factor responsible for inhibiting tumor growth.
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PMID:Effect of uremia on tumor growth in mice. 72 26

Immediate and delayed effects of nitrogen mustard (HN2) (0.1 mg/kg/day for 4 days) on the growth and cell proliferation patterns of the 3-methylcholanthrene-induced autogenous rat sarcoma were studied. Tumor cells were labeled continuously with 0.5 muCi tritiated thymidine/g for 24 hours. The labeling index fell from 36.4 to 14.0% and the mitotic index from 0.88 to 0.67% after two treatments with HN2. At that time, tumor growth stopped and remained arrested during HN2 administration. After four injections of HN2, the labeling index was reduced further to 0.73% and the mitotic index to 0.36%. After the drug was withdrawn, tumor growth resumed at the pretreatment rate, even though the labeling index on day 3 was only 15.5% (or 40% of the control). The percent labeled mitosis curves and DNA contents, before and 4 days after HN2 was given, were similar. It was concluded that a subpopulation of cells of predominantly short intermitotic times caused tumor growth before and after drug treatment.
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PMID:Growth and regrowth of an autogenous rat sarcoma: effects of nitrogen mustard. 115 48

Research and clinical observations during the past six decades have shown that: 1. Iron promotes cancer cell growth; 2. Hosts attempt to withhold or withdraw iron from cancer cells; and 3. Iron is a factor in prevention and in therapy of neoplastic disease. Although normal and neoplastic cells have similar qualitative requirements for iron, the neoplastic cells have more flexibility in acquisition of the metal. Excessive iron levels in animals and humans are associated with enhanced neoplastic cell growth. In invaded hosts, cytokine-activated macrophages increase intracellular ferritin retention of the metal, scavenge iron in areas of tumor growth, and secrete reactive nitrogen intermediates to effect efflux of nonheme iron from tumor cells. Procedures associated with lowering host intake of excess iron can assist in prevention and in management of neoplastic disease. Chemical methods for prevention of iron assimilation by neoplastic cells are being developed in experimental and clinical protocols. The antineoplastic activity of a considerable variety of chemicals, as well as of radiation, is modulated by iron. The present article focuses on recent findings and suggests directions for further cancer-iron research.
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PMID:Roles of iron in neoplasia. Promotion, prevention, and therapy. 138 34

The effect of selenite coadministration on the toxicity and antitumor activity of repeated treatment with high doses of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) was examined in mice. Sodium selenite was injected s.c. into separate abdominal sites of mice together with cis-DDP at a molar ratio of 1:3.5 (selenite to cis-DDP) on day 0. The same amount of selenite was given daily for 4 subsequent days (days 1-4). This fixed administration schedule was repeated weekly for a total of 7 weeks. Under the experimental conditions used, the lethal toxicity, renal toxicity [indicated by an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine levels], hepatic toxicity (indicated by an increase in plasma GPT and GOT activity), and myelotoxicity (indicated by a decrease in the numbers of leukocytes and platelets) observed in mice given repeated doses of cis-DDP alone (15 or 25 mumol/kg, s.c.) were significantly depressed by the coadministration of sodium selenite. Treatment with cis-DDP alone (15, 20, or 25 mumol/kg, s.c.) resulted in some dose-dependent prolongation of the life span of mice transplanted either s.c. with colon adenocarcinoma 38 (colon 38) or i.p. with P388 leukemia (P388) but did not completely depress the tumor growth, and the animals died of either progressive disease or cis-DDP-induced toxicity. However, following the coadministration of 7.1 mumol/kg selenite with 25 mumol/kg cis-DDP, all of the mice transplanted either s.c. with colon 38 or i.p. with P388 survived for as long as 4 months after the end of the treatment and showed no evidence of malignancy. These results indicate that selenite coadministration enables the use of increasing doses of cis-DDP and, consequently, enhances the antitumor effect of cis-DDP by depressing its side effects.
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PMID:Effect of coadministration of selenite on the toxicity and antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) given repeatedly to mice. 139

Compound 1 [3-(4-aminophenyl)-3-cyclohexylpiperidine-2,6-dione] is a highly potent nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor of the aminoglutethimide (AG)-type containing an asymmetric carbon atom. 1 and its enantiomers (+)-1 and (-)-1 inhibited human placental aromatase by 50% at 0.3, 0.15, and 4.6 microM, respectively (IC50 AG = 37 microM). A competitive type of inhibition was observed for 1 and (+)-1 (Ki 1 = 3.9 nM, Ki (+)-1 = 2.0 nM, Ki AG = 408 nM). Using solubilized high spin aromatase, 1 showed a type II difference spectrum indicating the interaction of the amino nitrogen with the central Fe(III)-ion of the cytochrome P450 heme component. 1 and (+)-1 inhibited cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (desmolase) by 50% at 67 and 82 microM, respectively (IC50 AG = 29 microM). In ACTH-stimulated rat adrenal tissue in vitro, 1 was less active in inhibiting aldosterone and corticosterone production compared to AG (IC50s, 1, 130 and 140 microM, AG, 80 and 50 microM, respectively). In vivo, 1 was superior to AG, too: it showed a stronger inhibition of the plasma estradiol concentration of pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin-primed SD rats, the activity residing mainly in the (+)-enantiomer [ovarian vein: (+)-1, 0.31 mg/kg: 81% inhibition, (-)-1, 0.31 mg/kg: 6%, AG, 1.25 mg/kg: 35%]. Furthermore 1 was much more active in inhibiting the testosterone-stimulated tumor growth of the ovariectomized 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene tumor-bearing SD rat (postmenopausal model). Up to a dose of 600 mg/kg of 1 no central nervous symptom depressive effects were observed in the motility test and the rotarod experiment, whereas AG exhibited ED50s of 62 and 164 mg/kg, respectively.
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PMID:Evaluation of the racemate and the enantiomers of a new highly active and selective aromatase inhibitor of the aminoglutethimide type. 147 56

This study examined the short-term effects of three total parenteral nutrition solutions, each containing a different lipid source, on host and tumor protein metabolism in a rat cancer model. Each diet contained 220 kcal/kg per day, including 2 g of nitrogen/kg per day and 50% of nonprotein calories as either a structured lipid of medium-chain triglycerides and fish oil, a physical mix of medium-chain triglycerides and fish oil, or Liposyn II, a long-chain triglyceride. A 3-day intravenous feeding infusion began on day 7 after tumor implantation. Tumor growth rate, nitrogen balance, energy expenditure, and plasma albumin, glucose, and free fatty acids were measured, and whole body protein kinetics and fractional synthetic rates in liver, muscle, and tumor tissues were assessed using a constant infusion of 14C-leucine. The results revealed that tumor growth rate was slowed in structured lipid-fed animals (p = .06, one-way analysis of variance) with significant increases in rates of tumor protein synthesis and tumor protein breakdown (p < .001, one-way analysis of variance). Although muscle fractional synthetic rates were significantly decreased in tumor-bearing animals (p < .05, two-way analysis of variance), the rates in structured lipid-fed animals were restored. Nitrogen balance improved significantly in structured lipid-fed animals. The results demonstrate that the source of lipid in total parenteral nutrition solutions can influence tumor and host protein metabolism, and that a structured lipid composed of medium-chain triglycerides and fish oil seems to improve protein metabolism in host tissue without stimulating tumor growth.
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PMID:Effects of different lipid sources in total parenteral nutrition on whole body protein kinetics and tumor growth. 149 11


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