Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parenteral and enteral nutrition are being used as adjuncts to cancer therapy. A liquid diet formulation containing a 27% solution of glucose and 3.9% crystalline amino acids with electrolytes and vitamins was given continuously for a week via parenteral (iv), and via intragastric (ig) routes and also was given ad libitum via the oral or per os (po) route to groups of Buffalo rats with and without a Morris No. 7777 transplantable hepatoma to find out how these feeding procedures affect tumor-host interactions. Other groups of rats with and without the hepatoma were given solid food ad libitum. The following parameters were examined: mortality, carcass and organ weights, body and tumor growth, nitrogen balance, energy intake, fluid balance, urinalysis, hematology values, and serum protein levels. The results are considered with respect to the influence of the tumor on the host and the influence of the feeding procedure on the animal with and without a tumor. The presence of the hepatoma was associated with: higher mortality, a decrease in carcass mass, leucocytosis, anemia, a decrease in serum IgG, transferrin and albumin, and an increase in serum alpha fetoprotein. The iv and ig feeding procedures alone resulted in some mortality which was exacerbated by the presence of the tumor. Mortality was especially high in the tumorous rats on the ig feeding procedure. The degree of positive nitrogen balance and carcass mass was similar in non-tumorous rats fed the same liquid diet formula when given iv, ig, or po. Tumorous rats fed the liquid diet ad libitum showed anorexia and a significantly lower nitrogen balance. The iv and ig feeding of tumorous rats at a level which was well above those of the tumorous rats given solid or liquid diet ad libitum maintained the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats. Even though the iv feeding of tumorous rats maintained about the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats, these tumorous rats still suffered loss of carcass mass. It appears that the large rapidly growing hepatoma has priority for available nutrition over the host. It is further suggested that the rapidly growing hepatoma places an ever increasing demand on the available nutrients. Thus, a point is eventually reached where even supplemental nutritional support can no longer meet the needs of the growing hepatoma and the host.
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PMID:Tumor-host responses to various nutritional feeding procedures in rats. 10 99

Rats bearing the Morris hepatoma No. 7777 were randomized into three treatment groups. Two of the groups received a nutritionally complete liquid formula diet per os ad libitum. One of these two groups received hydrazine sulfate (HS; an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis) twice daily (15 mg/kg) for 5 days. A third group of tumorous rats received the HS therapy and was given the liquid diet parenterally for 5 days. Tumorous rats fed per os, especially with HS therapy demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth, reduction of body and carcass weight, anorexia and decreased nitrogen retention. The combination of parenteral feeding and HS therapy sustained body and carcass weight with high nitrogen retention but stimulated tumor growth and was associated with liver toxicity. These results support the concept that cancer cachexia involves 'a systemic energy-losing cycle dependent on an interplay of tumor glycolysis and gluconeogenesis'.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition and inhibition of gluconeogenesis on tumor-host responses. 11 15

A complete remission of widely metastatic bladder carcinoma was obtained with chemotherapy in a 41-year-old man. Severe persistent anorexia led to a 33% weight loss. The anorexia correlated with an elevated sucrose recognition threshold. Following 16 days of intravenous hyperalimentation, taste sensation returned to normal, anorectic symptoms cleared, and weight gain and positive nitrogen balance resulted. There was no stimulation of tumor growth. Restoration of nutritional deficits with intravenous hyperalimentation can improve taste function and appetite so that adequate oral alimentation can be tolerated.
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PMID:Correction of taste abnormality of malignancy with intravenous hyperalimentation. 41 88

There is, at present, considerable interest in the possible role for the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia. Indirect evidence for such a role is based on the observation that chronic administration of many of these cytokines, either alone or in combination, can reproduce the myriad of host responses seen in experimental and human cancer cachexia. Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2, and interferon-gamma have rarely been detected in patients or experimental animals with cancer, although interleukin-6 levels appear to correlate with tumor progression in animal models. The strongest evidence for a causal role for cytokines has come from rodent studies in which tumor-bearing animals have been passively immunized with antibodies directed against individual cytokines. Several groups have shown modest but significant improvements in food intake and lean tissue retention with antibodies directed against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma. However, there has been no consistent finding that one cytokine is universally involved in cancer cachexia in histologically distinct tumor models. One ominous finding in several tumor models has been that the endogenous production of cytokines appears to support tumor growth. Such findings raise the intriguing possibility that these cytokines, although contributors to tissue wasting and anorexia, may also serve the tumor as either direct or indirect cell growth factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of cytokines in cancer cachexia. 128 23

Tumor growth is accompanied by an anorexia mediated by humoral factors that appear to influence appetitive mechanisms in the brain. Because tumor resection is followed by resumption of normal food intake, the circulating anorexigenic substance(s) are produced either by the neoplastic tissue or by the host in response to the tumor. Increased levels of plasma free tryptophan and plasma ammonia have been proposed to mediate cancer anorexia. With animal models, it is often difficult to ascertain whether changes in food intake depend upon metabolic changes or the progressively increasing tumor mass per se. The feeding patterns and biochemical changes that occur during tumor growth were evaluated in 96 male Fischer rats that were inoculated with 10(6) methylcholanthrene sarcoma cells or saline (controls). Rats were placed into metabolic cages equipped with an Automated Computerized Rat Eater Meter to continuously determine meal size and meal number. Plasma free tryptophan and ammonia were evaluated 6, 10, 16, 18, 22, and 26 days after tumor inoculation. Anorexia developed by day 17-18, when food intake started to decrease via a decrease in meal size but not meal number and reached 60% of control by day 26. However, long before anorexia developed, free tryptophan was significantly higher 6 days after tumor inoculation, and the greatest increase occurred after 18 days. Ammonia did not differ from control at any time. Data confirm tumor-associated increases in plasma free tryptophan that occurred before the manifestation of anorexia and support a possible role of brain serotonin in cancer anorexia.
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PMID:The early cancer anorexia paradigm: changes in plasma free tryptophan and feeding indexes. 128 25

Weight loss in cancer can be attributed to anorexia and/or increased energy expenditure. In order to understand the contribution of these variables, 36 Wistar rats fed regular diet were randomly distributed in 3 groups: T (12) bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma; PF (12) pair fed with T group and C (12) as control group; another group--D (12)--in which rats were fed with low protein (1%) diet. Caloric intake, body and tumor weight were measured daily. Indirect calorimetry was done sequentially each 4 days. After 2 weeks of tumor growth there was significant reduction of caloric intake and carcass weight in T group compared to those of C group. There was no difference in carcass weight between T and PF group. After 3 weeks it was significantly reduced in T group (55.7 Kcal/m2/h against 75.0 of N and 65.1 of PF group). Walker 256 carcinosarcoma is an hypometabolic tumor and the host weight loss associated to its development is due to anorexia.
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PMID:[Energy metabolism and experimental malignant tumor development]. 184 22

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or cachectin has been proposed as an important mediator of cancer anorexia and cachexia. The present studies examined the extent to which TNF administration generates symptoms similar to those produced by tumor growth. Like the growth of certain tumors, TNF administration was found to be associated with the development of strong aversions to a novel diet. Area postrema lesions were found to significantly attenuate the effects of TNF on intake of a novel diet, a finding previously reported for tumor anorexia. In addition, the anorexic effects of TNF differed considerably as a function of the novelty of the diet. When the available diet was novel, effects of TNF in lowering food intake were substantial, whereas more modest effects were seen when the diet was familiar. These findings provide evidence for parallels between TNF- and tumor-induced anorexias. Nonetheless, these studies also confirm previous observations of the rapid development of tolerance to the anorexic effects of TNF, a finding that is not consistent with a role for TNF as a critical mediator of tumor anorexia.
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PMID:TNF-induced anorexia and learned food aversions are attenuated by area postrema lesions. 203 2

A conjugate of an anti-gastric cancer monoclonal antibody and mitomycin C linked by polyaldehyde dextran T-40 (MGb2-PAD-MMC) was prepared. Nude mice inoculated with human gastric cancer (SGC-7901) xenograft in bilateral subrenal capsule were treated ip with the conjugate at a daily dose containing MGb2 22.4 mg/kg and MMC 1 mg/kg for 6 d since 4 h after inoculation. The efficacy of the conjugate was estimated by the reduction of tumor size which calculated by T/C (%) was 32.2%. If MGb2 in the conjugate was replaced by a normal nude mice IgG (NIgG-PAD-MMC) or the nude mice were treated ip with the dose of MMC alone, the tumor T/C (%) were 58 and 87%, respectively. It was statistically significant between MGb2-PAD-MMC and NIgG-PAD-MMC or MMC treatment. When the above mentioned nude mice with SGC-7901 were treated ip with thrice dose of the conjugate (MGb2 67.2 mg/kg and MMC 3 mg/kg) for 6 d, the tumor growth was inhibited completely. Nevertheless, the same dose of MMC was given to the nude mice resulted in toxic appearance included anorexia, weight loss or even death. Furthermore, when the nude mice were treated ip with MGb2-PAD-MMC 24 h after inoculation, no apparent therapeutic effect was seen. In some experiments, nude mice inoculated with another human transplanted gastric tumor (GA II) xenograft treated ip with a conjugate of MGb2 and MMC or daunorubcin (Dau) 1 day after inoculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of immuno-drug conjugates on growth of human gastric cancer xenograft in subrenal capsule of nude mice]. 213 Jun 22

Various types of partial mandibulectomy and maxillectomy techniques can be performed to control local tumor growth, but various intraoperative and postoperative problems and complications are associated with these techniques. Intraoperative complications relate mainly to technical problems. Postoperative complications include incisional dehiscence, infection, injury to salivary ducts, subcutaneous emphysema, mandibular instability, abnormal salivation with secondary cheilitis or dermatitis, anemia, pain and discomfort, lingual dysfunction and prehension difficulties, anorexia, ocular problems, cosmetic defects, local tumor recurrence, and distant metastatic disease. The surgeon should be aware of these potential complications and have a clear understanding of their prevention and treatment.
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PMID:Results and complications associated with partial mandibulectomy and maxillectomy techniques. 213 89

In Wistar rats bearing a Walker-256 carcinoma flank tumor, a standard skin wound was inflicted on the backs of the animals. Nitrogen intake and nitrogen balance measures were obtained. The standard wound did not promote tumor growth. Wound contraction in tumor-bearing animals was not different from that in tumor-free animals. Tumor-bearing rats had anorexia, lower nitrogen intake and a tendency to lower their nitrogen balance. These findings suggest that both cancer and wound healing are privileged metabolic events, having as a consequence sacrifice of the host.
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PMID:An experimental study of the impact of cancer on nitrogen metabolism and wound healing. 252 Mar 37


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