Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this series, 25 adult patients with intramedullary astrocytomas were treated by radical excision alone. Six patients proved to have anaplastic astrocytoma; five of them died within approximately 2 years and the sixth has demonstrated disease progression. The other 19 patients were diagnosed as having low-grade astrocytoma (16 cases) or ganglioglioma (three cases); two of these had advanced preoperative neurological disability and died of medical complications. Fifteen of the remaining 17 patients have no clinical evidence of tumor recurrence after a mean follow-up period of 50.2 months; the other two have a small residual neoplasm that demonstrates no progression. Of these 17 patients, seven had previously received radiation therapy, but had clear evidence of tumor growth subsequently. This experience suggests that surgery is not beneficial for anaplastic spinal astrocytoma. However, in cases of low-grade tumor, radical excision is associated with minimal morbidity and an excellent long-term prognosis when carried out before significant disability occurs.
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PMID:Adult intramedullary astrocytomas of the spinal cord. 150 81

Ribonucleic acid was isolated from a wide spectrum of central nervous system tumors to examine the expression of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) A and B, tumor growth factors (TGF-beta) 1 and 2, and ros messenger ribonucleic acid. Eight glioblastoma cell lines were examined as well as cell cultures from 22 tumor explants. The explants included 6 glioblastomas, 4 anaplastic astrocytomas, 5 astrocytomas, 3 ependymal tumors, 2 meningiomas, 1 medulloblastoma. and 1 ganglioglioma. For comparison, 2 nontumor glial cell cultures were included. The PDGF B-chain was expressed in 5 of 8 glioblastoma cell lines, 2 of 6 glioblastomas, and in 3 of 4 anaplastic astrocytoma explants. There was no PDGF B expression in 4 astrocytomas, 3 ependymomas of varying malignancy, in the remainder of the tumors, or in the nontumor glial cells. The PDGF A-chain was expressed in all of the tumors, with the exception of the malignant ependymoma and in both nontumor glial cell cultures. TGF-beta 1 was expressed in all of the tumors and in nontumor glial cells. The expression of TGF-beta 2 was expressed in many of the benign and malignant tumors and also in both nontumor glial cell cultures. The ros messenger ribonucleic acid was expressed in 1 of 5 glioblastoma cell lines and in 2 of 6 glioblastoma cell explants, but in none of the other tumors or in the nontumor glial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Expression of platelet-derived growth factors, transforming growth factors, and the ros gene in a variety of primary human brain tumors. 199 89

Between January 1980 and January 1988, 95 evaluable patients with recurrent, unifocal, supratentorial malignant gliomas were reirradiated with high-activity iodine-125 sources implanted directly into tumor in afterloaded, removable catheters using computerized tomography-directed stereotaxy. A tumor dose of 5270-15,000 cGy was delivered at a maximum distance of 0.5 cm from the rim of the contrast-enhancing mass seen on CT scans. The median survival for the 50 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma was 81 weeks and for 45 patients with glioblastoma multiforme it was 54 weeks. The 18- and 36-month survival rates for patients with anaplastic astrocytoma were 46% and 28%, respectively; the 18- and 36-month survival rates for patients with glioblastoma multiforme were 22% and 8%, respectively. Because of clinical deterioration, increasing steroid dependency, and increasing mass effect at the implantation site seen on CT scans, necrotic tissue was excised from 47 patients (49%) at craniotomy; in some patients, tumor was mixed with necrotic tissue. The survival of reoperated patients was significantly longer compared with patients who did not undergo this procedure. Serial determination of the Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) showed that there was no significant deterioration for the group as a whole during the 6 months immediately after implantation. At 18 months, 33 of the patients were alive; KPS ranged between 50 to 90 (mean 79) and 67% were steroid dependent. At 36 months, 18 patients were alive; 17 patients were evaluable with KPS that ranged between 40 to 90 (mean 76) and 53% were steroid dependent. Eleven of the 17 evaluable long-term survivors had a KPS of 80 or higher with a mean of 87. Interstitial brachytherapy may provide long-term survival in selected patients with recurrent malignant gliomas who have been irradiated previously with conventional teletherapy. The quality of life in the majority of long-term survivors appears to be quite satisfactory. Further attempts to control tumor growth using this modality appear to be warranted.
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PMID:Survival and quality of life after interstitial implantation of removable high-activity iodine-125 sources for the treatment of patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. 255 3

A survey of 22 cases showed the broad spectrum of lesions collectively termed "chiasmal gliomas." Three computerized tomography (CT) patterns were diagnostic: a tubular thickening of the optic nerve and chiasm, a suprasellar tumor with contiguous optic nerve expansion, and a suprasellar tumor with optic tract involvement. Globular suprasellar tumors lacking these features required a histological examination for diagnosis. Tumor growth was documented by CT in only three chiasmal gliomas; all were the globular type. Failing visual function did not reflect chiasmal tumor growth, and stable vision did not exclude it. Both patients with tubular optic nerve thickening and two of three patients with unilateral optic nerve expansion had neurofibromatosis. Five tumors became smaller after irradiation. Complications of radiation therapy included calcification of lenticular nuclei and remote infarcts. In patients who underwent biopsy, the CT appearance did not differentiate juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma from anaplastic astrocytoma. Thus, CT guides the diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment of chiasmal gliomas, establishing the need for biopsy or ventricular shunting.
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PMID:Chiasmal gliomas: appearance and long-term changes demonstrated by computerized tomography. 308 22

Two cases are presented with a long clinical history of multiple sclerosis (MS) before the diagnosis of an intracranial brain tumor. In the subsequent brain autopsy, however, both cases presented a diffusely growing anaplastic astrocytoma, only, and no changes similar to MS were seen. Diffuse tumor growth was noted in periventricular brain tissue and extended down to pons or medulla. Immunohistochemically, a positive staining for glial fibrillar acidic protein was observed in both cases and in the second case, which presented an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid IgG, also a positive staining for immunoglobulins was seen. These case histories and subsequent neuropathological findings are presented as examples of diagnostic difficulties in MS, especially in cases with diffusely growing gliomas.
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PMID:Diagnostic problems in multiple sclerosis. Two cases with clinical diagnosis of MS showing only a diffusely growing malignant astrocytoma. 369 70

The morphology of supratentorial malignant glioma was examined in autopsy brains from three anaplastic astrocytoma and 11 glioblastoma multiforme patients. Large histological preparations and routine preparations were used to investigate the primary lesion site, infiltration to adjacent brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination. The primary lesion sites showed active tumor growth with mass effect in three cases, necrotic tumor and brain with no or mild mass effect in nine, and no residual tumor in two. Tumor infiltration included extensive bilateral cerebral hemisphere infiltration in seven cases, moderate infiltration of one or two lobes in three, minimal infiltration just beyond the tumor bed in two, and no infiltration in two. Infiltration occurred along the fiber tract and subependymal tissue. CSF tumor cell dissemination occurred in the ventricular system in two cases, cerebral subarachnoid space in five, and spinal subarachnoid space in one. Small fibrillated cells and small anaplastic cells predominated in infiltrated lesions and CSF dissemination.
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PMID:Pathological anatomy of autopsy brain with malignant glioma. 768 69

Benign intrinsic tumors arising in the dorsal midbrain have long been recognized as a potential cause of late-onset aqueductal stenosis. Where histopathological studies of such lesions have been performed, the majority have been reported to be low-grade gliomas. Because these tumors often present with a paucity of neurological findings and a characteristic radiographic appearance and because there has been substantial uncertainty regarding their potential for long-term progression, the authors have routinely deferred biopsy and/or radiotherapy for these lesions until there has been clear-cut evidence of disease progression. Herein, the authors report their experience with 16 children manifesting this syndrome who were treated between 1979 and 1992. The patients ranged in age from 6 months to 14 years at presentation (median 9.75 years). In general, symptoms of increased intracranial pressure developed insidiously; three of the older children had exhibited profound macrocephaly since infancy, which predated the onset of other symptoms of hydrocephalus by several years. Only one of the 16 children showed evidence of brain-stem dysfunction at presentation, a partial Parinaud's syndrome that resolved following placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In 12 patients, the tumor was detected by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at initial evaluation as a bulbous enlargement of the tectal plate. In four patients who presented before the advent of MR imaging, initial computerized tomography (CT) scans failed to delineate the tectal lesion convincingly; however, subsequent MR studies clearly demonstrated the presence of an intrinsic tectal mass. All 16 patients underwent cerebrospinal fluid diversion initially, with conservative management of the tectal lesion and close long-term follow-up monitoring. Four children ultimately demonstrated clinical signs of progressive tumor growth with the insidious onset of partial or complete Parinaud's syndrome, despite the presence of a functioning shunt. The median interval to symptom progression was 7.8 years from the time of shunt insertion and 11.5 years from the onset of initial symptoms and signs of hydrocephalus. Follow-up CT and MR studies demonstrated obvious tumor enlargement in three of the four patients who then underwent stereotactic or open biopsy. The histological diagnosis in these three was benign mixed glioma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and low-grade astrocytoma. All four patients with clinical evidence of disease progression were treated with conventional radiotherapy; the patient with an anaplastic astrocytoma also received focal stereotactic radiosurgery. These patients subsequently remained clinically stable, with three showing tumor regression and one showing stable disease on serial MR studies (median follow-up period from tumor progression, 4.25 years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The long-term outcome in children with late-onset aqueductal stenosis resulting from benign intrinsic tectal tumors. 815 47

The standard treatment for patients with primary malignant glioma includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, and nitrosourea. Despite this multimodality approach, adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and high-grade astrocytoma have a median survival duration of 50 weeks and 150 weeks respectively. Chemotherapy has had a limited impact on the survival of these patients. Merbarone (5-phenylcarboxamide-2-thiobarbituric acid) is a nonsedating derivative of barbituric acid that crosses the blood brain barrier. Antitumor activity of merbarone has been described against L1210, B16 melanoma cell line and the M5076 sarcoma cells in phase I studies. Merbarone inhibits DNA synthesis and tumor growth by inducing single strand breaks in DNA. It also inhibits RNA and protein synthesis. We evaluated merbarone in a phase II trial in patients (pts) with recurrent or refractory GBM (7 pts) and high grade anaplastic astrocytoma (7 pts). Fourteen patients (nine males, five females) were treated with merbarone at a dose of 1000 mg per m2 per day by continuous intravenous infusion for 5 days every 3 weeks. Every patient received at least two cycles of treatment. No complete or partial responses were observed, although one patient had stable disease lasting 20 weeks. Our conclusion is that merbarone is ineffective against GBM and high-grade anaplastic astrocytoma at the dose and schedule in which it was administered in this trial.
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PMID:Phase II trial of merbarone in patients with malignant brain tumors. 946 39

Thirty-six cases of pilocytic astrocytomas treated at the Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles from 1984 through 1995 were reviewed. The mean age at initial presentation was 8 years (range 15 months to 14 years). These patients were followed for an average of 5.5 years. No patient was given chemotherapy or radiation therapy after the initial surgery for pilocytic astrocytoma. Twenty-three patients (64%) had a gross total resection with no residual tumor on immediate postoperative imaging studies. Three of these children had tumor recurrences 2-5 years after their initial surgery, requiring re-excision of their tumors. All 3 patients are subsequently tumor-free, with follow-up ranging from 4 to 10 years. In 4 patients with residual tumor involving the brainstem, there has been neither imaging evidence of tumor enlargement nor progression of clinical findings at 2.5, 4, 6 and 6 years, respectively. Nine of the 13 patients with residual tumor underwent re-excision, either for progression of symptoms or documented tumor growth on imaging studies. The second operation was undertaken an average of 1 year (range 1 month to 6 years) after the first. In 4 of these children (11% of our whole series), the recurrent tumor was classified as anaplastic astrocytoma. Three of these 4 children received radiation and/or chemotherapy, with only 1 patient showing disease progression in the follow-up period. Repeat blinded histopathological examination of these tumors confirmed both diagnoses. However, it was noted that 3 of the 4 pilocytic astrocytomas which subsequently showed anaplastic change initially displayed increased perivascular cellularity, while only 2 of the remaining 32 tumors exhibited this feature. These results encourage continued vigilance in the follow-up of pilocytic astrocytomas, and describe a histological feature which might indicate a more aggressive disease course.
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PMID:Recurrence patterns and anaplastic change in a long-term study of pilocytic astrocytomas. 971 71

To determine whether oxytocin (OT) could be added to the list of growth factors acting on neoplastic cells of nervous origin, we investigated the presence of oxytocin receptors (OTR) in human primary neuroblastomas and glioblastomas and related cell lines. OTR were demonstrated both at mRNA level (using a RT-PCR procedure) and at protein level (using immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence procedures). In order to clarify whether OT exerts any biological effect on these tumors through OTR, we also studied cell proliferation in 3 human neuroblastoma cell lines (SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y, IMR-32) and one human anaplastic astrocytoma cell line (MOG-G-UVW) treated with OT 1 nM to 100 nM for 48 and 96 hr. At these doses, a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was demonstrated. This inhibition was accompanied by a significant increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP, which we have reported to be the intracellular mediator of the OT anti-proliferative effect in breast-carcinoma cell lines. Our data indicate that specific OTR are present in human neuroblastomas and glioblastomas. Through these receptors, OT could inhibit cell proliferation and modulate tumor growth.
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PMID:Presence and significance of oxytocin receptors in human neuroblastomas and glial tumors. 968 1


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