Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expression of mRNA-encoding transforming growth factors alpha and beta (TGF alpha and beta), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) A and B chains was examined in 63 human gastric biopsies. Despite considerable individual variation, transcript levels were generally higher in 16 paired gastric tumors compared with surrounding epithelium. Marked increases were observed for the TGFs and c-sis, whereas EGFR mRNA was poorly expressed; there was no correlation with pathological staging of the cancers. In the nonneoplastic tissues, 14 had normal histology and 27 displayed superficial (SG) or atrophic gastritis (AG). Transcript levels greater than or equal to + were similar between these categories for all the growth factors, but were about 50% higher for EGFR in the tissues with gastritis. Concurrent expression of TGF alpha and EGFR (greater than or equal to + level) was more frequent in the paired tumors (38%) than in adjacent nonmalignant tissue (6%) and was seen in only one of 14 (7%) normal samples, in three of 19 (16%) of those with AG, and none of eight of those displaying SG. High levels of TGF beta and PDGFA mRNA were expressed in gastric ulcers, with little or no TGF alpha and EGFR transcripts; in contrast both TGFs and EGFR message were found in normal oesophagus. Stomach tissues are thus capable of synthesizing a variety of growth factors. These may be associated with nonneoplastic hyperplasia and/or malignant proliferation. Coexpression of TGF alpha/EGFR supports the possibility of an autocrine loop sustaining tumor growth which is different from the mechanisms responsible for normal cellular proliferation.
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PMID:Expression of growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor encoded transcripts in human gastric tissues. 270 51

The human and rodent sodium iodide symporters (NIS) have recently been cloned and are being investigated as potential therapeutic and reporter genes. We have extended this effort by constructing an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-linked human NIS (hNIS)-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) hybrid reporter gene for both nuclear and optical imaging. A self-inactivating retroviral vector, termed pQCNIG, containing hNIS-IRES-eGFP dual reporter gene, driven by a constitutive CMV promoter, was constructed and used to generate RG2-pQCNIG cells and RG2-pQCNIG tumors. 131I-iodide and 99mTcO4-pertechnetate accumulation studies plus fluorescence microscopy and intensity assays were performed in vitro, and gamma camera imaging studies in RG2-pQCNIG and RG2 tumor-bearing athymic rats were performed. RG2-pQCNIG cells expressed high levels of hNIS protein and showed high intensity of eGFP fluorescence compared with RG2 wild-type cells. RG2-pQCNIG cells accumulated Na131I and 99mTcO4- to a 50:1 and a 170:1 tissue/medium ratio at 10 min, compared with 0.8:1.2 tissue/medium ratio in wild-type RG2 cells. A significant correlation between radiotracer accumulation and eGFP fluorescence intensity was demonstrated. RG2-pQCNIG and RG2 tumors were readily differentiated by in vivo gamma camera imaging; radiotracer uptake increased in RG2-pQCNIG but declined in RG2 tumors over the 50-min imaging period. Stomach and thyroid were the major organs of radionuclide accumulation. The IRES-linked hNIS-eGFP dual reporter gene is functional and stable in transduced RG2-pQCNIG cells. Optical and nuclear imaging of tumors produced from these cell lines provides the opportunity to monitor tumor growth and response to therapy. These studies indicate the potential for a wider application of hNIS reporter imaging and translation into patient studies using radioisotopes that are currently available for human use for both SPECT and PET imaging.
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PMID:hNIS-IRES-eGFP dual reporter gene imaging. 1610 13

Herbal formulas based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome (ZHENG) have been used as alternative treatments for breast cancer. However, there is a lack of the experimental animal ZHENG model for the evaluation of the herbal formulas. In this study, we have established 4T1 mouse breast cancer with Liver Fire Invading Stomach Syndrome model (4T1 LFISS mice) and investigated the effects of the herbal formula, Zuo-Jin Wan (ZJW). Our results showed that 4T1 LFISS mice have the features of LFISS including irritability, loss of appetite, yellow urine, chow, and a tail hot. Compared to untreated 4T1 LFISS mice, ZJW significantly reduced tumor weight and volume (P < 0.05), although it was weaker than Cisplatin. However, ZJW significantly increased the body weight and food intake of 4T1 LFISS mice and decreased serum ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN levels and ZHENG score (P < 0.05), while Cisplatin reduced the food intake, and body weight and increased serum ALT, AST, Cr, and BUN levels in 4T1 LFISS mice. Our study has provided a mouse breast cancer ZHENG model and showed that ZJW suppresses tumor growth and improves LFISS and kidney and liver functions in the 4T1 LFISS mice.
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PMID:Establishment of an Experimental Breast Cancer ZHENG Model and Curative Effect Evaluation of Zuo-Jin Wan. 2434 96