Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Report on the application of a dinitrochlorobenzene ointment of 61 postoperative melanoma patients exhibiting clinical stages I and II. After contact sensitization the erythemogenic threshold concentrations of DNCB were mostly found in the range of 0,05% and 0,1%. Patients with reactions at low concentrations of 0,01% and 0,05% DNCB were in the mean 8 years younger than those with reactions at 0,1% and 0,5%, but no connection to different stages of malignant melanoma could be evaluated. 3 melanoma patients suffering from skin metastases were treated by epifocal DNCB-application. One of them became clinically tumor free since more than 1 year, whereas the two other exhibiting multicentric and/or profound tumor growth did not respond. In a 82-year-old wife a superficial lentigo maligna melanoma disappeared by DNCB-application. In none of the 61 cases we observed a "tumor enhancement" after immunoprophylaxis or adjuvant immunotherapy with DNCB. The DNCB-method in malignant melanoma is yet in the experimental stage and is not recommended for general use in practice.
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PMID:[Adjuvant DNCB immunotherapy in malignant melanoma]. 47 40

A similiarity is found in the regression and regrowth curves of normal and malignant tissues after radiation treatments. The similarity implies that even in malignant tissues there is the practical, at least, limitation of tumor growth as in a normal organ, which is due to growth rate retardation. The retardation is considered to be the result from homologous inhibition of tumor cells. A tumor has its own growth rate which varies according to its total cell number and its environment. Approximately six months old skin metastases from breast carcinoma are still growing but are very close to the asymptote size which appears to be about 1000 cubic millimeters.
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PMID:Growth retardation in normal and malignant tissues. 100 16

In vitro lymphocyte function was evaluated in 61 patients with different clinical stages of malignant melanoma. Thirty-one of these patients had localized disease, 13 regional metastases, 10 distant lymph node or skin metastases, and 7 visceral metastases. Following immunization, in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to three antigens (diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and alpha-hemocyanin of Helix pomatia) was studied in the presence of autologous serum, in addition to lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The relationship of these tests with the clinical stage and the subsequent course of the disease in a 6 months' observation period was determined. The patients with visceral metastases (7) had a lowered lymphocyte reactivity to PHA compared with controls and the patients with other stages, while they also had a low reactivity to the test antigens (only significantly lowered compared with patients with localized disease). All these patients showed tumor progression or died from metastatic disease. Between the other stages (54 patients) there was no difference in lymphocyte reactivity to the test antigens or PHA. No correlation between lymphocyte reactivity to PHA and the subsequent course of the disease could be demonstrated in these 54 patients. However, lymphocyte reactivity to the test antigens following immunization showed a definite correlation with the subsequent course. Sixty-four percent (9/14) of patients without any lymphocyte reactivity to the three antigens showed tumor recurrence or progression, against 3% (1/40) of patients with positive lymphocyte reactivity to one, two, or three antigens. A suppressive effect of autologous serum on lymphocyte reactivity could be found only in 1 of 20 patients with a low reactivity to PHA or antigens. It is concluded that defects in lymphocyte function are related to subsequent tumor growth in patients with malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Humoral and cell-mediated immune response in patients with malignant melanoma. I. In vitro lymphocyte reactivity to PHA and antigens following immunization. 117 27

Treatment of superficial tumors with electrochemotherapy (ECT) has shown a steep rise over the past decade and indications range from skin cancers to locally advanced or metastatic neoplasms. Based on reversible electroporation, which is a physical method to achieve transient tumor cell membrane permeabilization by means of short electric pulses, ECT increases cellular uptake of bleomycin and cisplatin and their cytotoxicity by 8,000- and 80-fold, respectively. Standard operating procedures were established in 2006 and updated in 2018. Ease of administration, patient tolerability, efficacy across histotypes, and repeatability are peculiar advantages, which make standard ECT (ie, ECT using fixed-geometry electrodes) a reliable option for controlling superficial tumor growth locally and preventing their morbidity. Consolidated indications include superficial metastatic melanoma, breast cancer, head and neck skin tumors, nonmelanoma skin cancers, and Kaposi sarcoma. In well-selected patients with oropharyngeal cancers, ECT ensures appreciable symptom control. Emerging applications include skin metastases from visceral or hematological malignancies, vulvar cancer, and some noncancerous skin lesions (keloids and capillary vascular malformations). Repeatability and integration with other oncologic therapies allow for consolidation of response and sustained tumor control. In this review, we present the basic principles of ECT, recently updated operating procedures, anesthesiological management, and provide a synthesis of the efficacy of standard ECT across histotypes.
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PMID:Electrochemotherapy of superficial tumors - Current status:: Basic principles, operating procedures, shared indications, and emerging applications. 3112 61

Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies are uncommon. Umbilical metastasis, also known as Sister Joseph nodule (SJN), develops in patients with carcinomatous peritonitis or superficial lymphadenopathy, while non-SJN skin metastases develop after surgery, injury, and lymphadenopathy. In this review, the possible mechanisms of skin metastases are discussed. SJNs develop by the contiguous or lymphatic spread of tumor cells. After surgery and injury, tumor cells spread by direct implantation or hematogenous metastasis, and after lymphadenopathy, they spread by extranodal extension. The inflammatory response occurring during wound healing is exploited by tumor cells and facilitates tumor growth. Macrophages are crucial drivers of tumor-promoting inflammation, which is a source of survival, growth and angiogenic factors. Angiogenesis is promoted by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which also mediates tumor-associated immunodeficiency. In the subcutaneous tissues that surround metastatic lymph nodes, adipocytes promote tumor growth. In the elderly, age-associated immunosuppression may facilitate hematogenous metastasis. Anti-VEGF therapy affects recurrence patterns but at the same time, may increase the risk of skin metastases. Immune suppression associated with inflammation may play a key role in skin metastasis development. Thus, immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors reactivating cytotoxic T-cell function and inhibiting tumor-associated macrophage function, appear promising.
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PMID:Cutaneous Metastasis after Surgery, Injury, Lymphadenopathy, and Peritonitis: Possible Mechanisms. 3127 6

A 71-year-old woman presented to a nearby hospital with an occipital scalp ulcer with exudate. Thoracoabdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed due to suspected cancer. The imaging results showed tumors in the pancreatic tail and at multiple sites in the lung, whereupon she was referred to our hospital for further investigation. Histological analysis of the occipital scalp ulcer and the pancreatic tumor led to the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with cutaneous metastasis and multiple lung metastases. Combination chemotherapy (gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel) was started, and about 4 months later the patient experienced right lower back pain. Abdominal CT showed partial sclerosis of the right iliac bone and multiple spinal lesions, which were diagnosed as multiple bone metastases. Narcotic analgesia was started for the right lower back pain. Since then, FOLFIRINOX has been introduced as second-line chemotherapy against tumor growth, and treatment has been ongoing for 10 months since the initial chemotherapy. Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly growing cancer and can show early metastasis to other organs, lymph node metastasis, and peritoneal dissemination; therefore, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is very poor. Cutaneous metastasis from pancreatic cancer is rare, and only a few cases have been reported. Here, we report an unusual case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with cutaneous metastasis and multiple lung and bone metastases.
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PMID:A Case of Rare Cutaneous Metastasis from Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. 3211 Feb 19