Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new contrast agent has been developed for the opacification of the esophageal lumen in Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging. The contrast agent consists of an emulsion of low-density and high-viscosity barium paste employed for the CT study of the esophagus (E.Z.E.M., Westbury, USA) and a small amount of Gadolinium-DTPA (Magnevist, Schering, Germany), diluted in 3 ml of saline solution. In vitro evaluation of the contrast solution showed high-signal intensity on T1-weighted SE sequences. The study was subsequently performed on 5 healthy volunteers and 30 subjects with clinical indication for MR Imaging of the chest. The complete opacification of the esophagus was obtained in 12 of the 16 patients (75%) who presented no pathological involvement of the esophagus. The esophageal lumen was completely opacified in 8 patients with esophageal carcinoma and in 1 case of esophageal leiomyoma. In the cases with esophageal carcinoma, lumen opacification allowed the evaluation of tumor growth (concentric or eccentric), a more detailed definition of tumor extent, with assessment of neoplastic wall thickening, and the evaluation of the possible infiltration of adjacent organs. Lumen opacification was obtained in 8 of 10 patients (80%) affected with other chest conditions secondarily involving the esophagus. In these cases, lumen opacification helped to localize the esophagus and to evaluate its involvement by adjacent tumors.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance imaging of the esophagus with lumen opacification using a specific contrast agent]. 149 78

A role for insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in autocrine or paracrine growth stimulation of tumor cells has been proposed for tumors of different origins. We have studied IGF gene expression in human uterus smooth muscle (myometrium) and in a panel of benign (leiomyoma) and malignant (leiomyosarcoma) smooth muscle tumors. Using RNA transfer blot analysis we could demonstrate that in smooth muscle tissue and tumors IGF genes are differentially expressed. The mRNA species detected had the same size as reported for IGF mRNAs from other tissues. However, the abundance of the IGF gene transcripts varied from tissue to tissue. The amounts of IGF mRNAs detected in smooth muscle tumors were compared to the levels found in normal smooth muscle. The IGF-I gene was expressed at high levels in normal myometrium and in leiomyomas but appears to be repressed in leiomyosarcomas. Also the IGF-I peptide was detected in myometrium and in leiomyomas, but in leiomyosarcomas the level was substantially lower. The IGF-II gene was expressed at low levels in normal myometrium and leiomyomas but is activated in leiomyosarcomas. With increasing malignancy from the two major IGF-II mRNA species, 6.0 and 4.8 kilobases, in particular the 6.0-kilobase mRNA is produced at higher levels. In conclusion, these data suggest that for IGF-I a role in tumor cell growth is not likely, but probably IGF-II is involved in malignant smooth muscle tumor growth progression.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor gene expression in human smooth muscle tumors. 220 34

Eight observations of diffuse pulmonary leiomyomatosis in women were studied. This disease in a number of cases was combined with leiomyoma of the uterus. The clinical picture depends to a certain extent on which structural part of the pulmonary tissue is the predominant source of tumor growth. Disorders in the lymphatic system causes chylous pneumothorax. Hyperplasia of smooth muscle fibers occurs multicentrically: in interalveolar septae, along the small bronchi and bronchioli, in the walls of small blood and lymph vessels, intrathoracic lymph nodes. Leiomyomatosis of the lungs is of neoplastic nature, most likely of dyshormonal genesis.
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PMID:[Diffuse lung leiomyomatosis]. 688 41

Fibroids (leiomyomata) are the most common tumors in women, but their etiology is unknown. The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) may be important in the growth of these benign neoplasms. We have examined the presence of mRNA encoding both IGF-I and IGF-II and IGFBP-1, -2, and -3 in fibroids and corresponding myometrium from 20 women undergoing hysterectomy for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Northern blots of total cellular RNA were probed with oligonucleotides for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 and a human IGFBP-1 cDNA. Western ligand blotting was also used to detect the presence of IGFBP proteins in both fibroid and myometrium. The data showed that in fibroids compared to myometrium, 1) the relative abundance of IGF-I mRNA was not different, but there was an increase in the relative abundance of IGF-II mRNA (P < 0.001); 2) IGFBP-1 mRNA was undetectable in fibroids and detectable in only 1 specimen of myometrium; 3) there was no difference in the relative abundance of IGFBP-2 mRNA, but there was an increase in the relative abundance of IGFBP-3 mRNA in myometrium (P < 0.05). By Western ligand blotting, both IGFBP-2 and -3 proteins were present. Our data show that the mRNAs encoding IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 are expressed in both fibroids and myometrium and that fibroids express more IGF-II and less IGFBP-3 mRNA than myometrium. We postulate that the net effect of the changes seen is to increase the bioavailability of free (bioactive) IGF, which may then play a major role in promoting fibroid tumor growth.
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PMID:Messenger ribonucleic acid expression of the insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in uterine fibroids and myometrium. 768 90

A 43-year-old woman underwent subtotal removal of a cervical spinal leiomyoma in 1980 and 1981. When her (cyclic) symptoms recurred and tumor growth was demonstrated, she was treated with a synthetic anti-gonadotropic hormone (Danazol; Danatrol) until menopause, when medication could be discontinued without further recurrence of her symptoms or increase in size of the residual tumor.
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PMID:Hormone-dependent spinal leiomyoma. 816 6

A case study is reported of incomplete excision of a sessile leiomyoma of the posterior cervix followed by rapid tumor growth of the same region in a pregnancy commencing 2 months later. Cesarean section for placenta previa was followed 10 days later by hysterectomy for massive hemorrhage. The tumor was considered, following multiple review, to be a leiomyoma of the cervix with mitosis consistent with recent pregnancy. Widespread peritoneal recurrence occurred within 3 months requiring further laparotomy for excision of widespread tumor and ligation of internal iliac arteries. Death occurred 4 weeks later with widespread peritoneal occurrence. No postmortem was performed. The case emphasizes the rare potential for malignant change in histologically benign leiomyomas with no indications to this potential apart from biological behavior.
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PMID:Benign cervical leiomyoma leading to disseminated fatal malignancy. 869 Feb 83

Uterine leiomyoma is an estrogen-responsive tumor, and the present studies examine the ability of the antiestrogen tamoxifen to modulate leiomyoma cell growth. Tamoxifen is an effective form of hormonal therapy for breast cancer, although the mechanism by which tamoxifen inhibits tumor growth is not well understood and may involve mechanisms other than the action of tamoxifen as an estrogen antagonist. Tamoxifen was found to inhibit the proliferation of three of five leiomyoma-derived cell lines (ELT cell lines) in vitro, including an estrogen receptor-negative cell line. The ability of tamoxifen to decrease leiomyoma growth was found to correlate with expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) by the tumor cells, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of tamoxifen were associated with expression of this growth factor. The existence of an IGF-I autocrine loop in the cells was investigated, because transcripts for both IGF-I and its cognate receptor were expressed in the tamoxifen-responsive cell lines. An IGF-I RIA demonstrated secreted IGF-I protein in serum-free medium conditioned by the IGF-I-expressing cell line ELT 3, and this same medium supported the growth of IGF-requiring MCF-10A cells, indicating the presence of biologically active IGF-I in the conditioned medium. Exogenous IGF-I stimulated ELT 3 cell proliferation, confirming that this growth factor is mitogenic for leiomyoma cells. IGF-I neutralizing antibody inhibited ELT 3 growth, indicating that the levels of IGF-I produced by the leiomyoma cells were physiologically significant. These data demonstrate the existence of an IGF-I autocrine loop in tamoxifen-sensitive leiomyoma cells, supporting the hypothesis that the presence of an IGF-I autocrine loop predicts uterine fibroid responsiveness to tamoxifen.
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PMID:Presence of an insulin-like growth factor I autocrine loop predicts uterine fibroid responsiveness to tamoxifen. 875 78

The anti-tumor effect of rhTNF alpha (recombination human tumor necrosis factor) with three different doses on laryngeal squamous cancer was investigated in nude mice. The results indicated that the higher and the middle doses of rhTNF alpha had significant antitumour effect against laryngeal cancer in BALB/C nude mice. The inhibitory rate of tumor growth was 54.4%(P < 0.05). The lower dose of rhTNF alpha also had antitumour effect but the cancer grew again when rhTNF alpha was stopped. Ultrastructural changes showed that the plasma membrane and the nucleus envelope of the tumor cell were destroyed and the number of lysosomes increased, fibroid material could be seen in the cancer capillary.
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PMID:[Experimental study of anti-tumour effect of rhTNF alpha on the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma]. 1074 72

The evaluation of peptide receptors in man is needed not only to discover the physiological target tissues of a given peptide but also to identify diseases with a sufficient receptor overexpression for diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) receptors have been evaluated in human tumors and in their tissues of origin using in vitro receptor autoradiography with 125I-VIP or 125I-acetyl-PACAP-27 in tissue sections. The VIP/PACAP receptor subtypes VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 were evaluated in these tissues by determining the rank order of potencies of VIP and PACAP as well as VPAC1- and VPAC2-selective analogues. The VIP/PACAP receptors expressed in the great majority of the most frequently occurring human tumors, including breast (100% receptor incidence), prostate (100%), pancreas (65%), lung (58%), colon (96%), stomach (54%), liver (49%), and urinary bladder (100%) carcinomas as well as lymphomas (58%) and meningiomas (100%), are predominantly of the VPAC1 type. Their cells or tissues of origin, i.e., hepatocytes, breast lobules and ducts, urothelium, prostate glands, pancreatic ducts, lung acini, gastrointestinal mucosa, and lymphocytes, also predominantly express VPAC1. Leiomyomas predominantly express VPAC2 receptors, whereas paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, and endometrial carcinomas preferentially express PAC1 receptors. Conversely, VPAC2 receptors are found mainly in smooth muscle (i.e., stomach), in vessels, and in stroma (e.g., of the prostate), whereas PAC1 receptors are present in the adrenal medulla and in some uterine glands. Whereas the very wide distribution of VIP/PACAP receptors in the normal human body is indicative of a key role of these peptides in human physiology, the high VIP/PACAP receptor expression in tumors may represent the molecular basis for clinical applications of VIP/PACAP such as in vivo scintigraphy and radiotherapy of tumors as well as VIP/PACAP analogue treatment for tumor growth inhibition.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor subtypes in human tumors and their tissues of origin. 1085 Apr 63

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids, myomas) are the most common tumors occurring in the genital tract of women over 30 years of age. These benign uterine smooth-muscle tumors are estimated to be clinically significant in at least 25% of the American female population during their reproductive years. Furthermore, when thorough pathologic examination of hysterectomy specimens has been performed in patients with or without clinical history of myomatous uteri, the incidence of fibroids is 77%, suggesting that these tumors are far more prevalent than estimated by clinical cases. In spite of their high prevalence, little is known concerning the etiology or the molecular basis of their development and growth. It is well known that leiomyoma growth is regulated by ovarian steroid hormones, yet the exact molecular pathway(s) involved in tumor growth and the role of genetic susceptibility/predisposition and the environment are unclear. This article is an overview of some of the topics addressed at the conference on Women's Health and the Environment: The Next Century--Advances in Uterine Leiomyoma Research. A summary of research needs and recommendations for future research directions based on conference discussions are also presented.
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PMID:Advances in uterine leiomyoma research: conference overview, summary, and future research recommendations. 1103 80


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