Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review provides a scientific assessment of current knowledge of health effects of soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO). SBO and SFO both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.8 and 69%, respectively), with a PUFA:saturated fat ratio of 4.0 for SBO and 6.4 for SFO. SFO contains 69% C18:2n-6 and less than 0.1% C18:3n-3, while SBO contains 54% C18:2n-6 and 7.2% C18:3n-3. Thus, SFO and SBO each provide adequate amounts of C18:2n-6, but of the two, SBO provides C18:3n-3 with a C18:2n-6:C18:3n-3 ratio of 7.1. Epidemiological evidence has suggested an inverse relationship between the consumption of diets high in vegetable fat and blood pressure, although clinical findings have been inconclusive. Recent dietary guidelines suggest the desirability of decreasing consumption of total and saturated fat and cholesterol, an objective that can be achieved by substituting such oils as SFO and SBO for animal fats. Such changes have consistently resulted in decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to be favorable with respect to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, decreases in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol have raised some concern. Use of vegetable oils such as SFO and SBO increases C18:2n-6, decreases C20:4n-6, and slightly elevated C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in platelets, changes that slightly inhibit platelet generation of thromboxane and ex vivo aggregation. Whether chronic use of these oils will effectively block thrombosis at sites of vascular injury, inhibit pathologic platelet vascular interactions associated with atherosclerosis, or reduce the incidence of acute vascular occlusion in the coronary or cerebral circulation is uncertain. Linoleic acid is needed for normal immune response, and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses. SBO and SFO can provide adequate linoleic acid for maintenance of the immune response. Excess linoleic acid has supported tumor growth in animals, an effect not verified by data from diverse human studies of risk, incidence, or progression of cancers of the breast and colon. Areas yet to be investigated include the differential effects of n-6- and n-3-containing oil on tumor development in humans and whether shorter-chain n-3 PUFA of plant origin such as found in SBO will modulate these actions of linoleic acid, as has been shown for the longer-chain n-3 PUFA of marine oils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Food use and health effects of soybean and sunflower oils. 195 19

Just as concerns that vasectomy might predispose its acceptors to cardiovascular disease have been largely discounted, Cole et al. have obtained results suggesting that vasectomy accelerates the growth of testicular tumors. Out of a cohort of over 3000 vasectomized men in Scotland, 8 developed testicular cancer within 4 years of the procedure. The expected number of cases would be 1.9. Earlier, Thornhill et al reported 3 cases of a rare mixed seminoma and malignant teratoma 8 weeks after vasectomy. Numerous studies have found abnormalities in testicular biopsy specimens from vasectomized men. These changes include degeneration of seminiferous epithelium, loss of germ cells such as spermatids, dilatation of testicular tubules, thickening of tubular walls, and interstitial fibrosis. More research is needed on factors (i.e., a history of orchitis or family history of autoimmune disease) that may predispose men to different forms of testicular change as well as the association between the formation of sperm granulomas and testicular abnormalities. Most important, however, is further investigation of the proposed association of vasectomy and accelerated tumor growth.
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PMID:Vasectomy and the human testis. 222 12

A series of seven studies investigating biopsychosocial aspects of cutaneous malignant melanoma were conducted by a multidisciplinary group of researchers at the University of California, San Francisco. Two studies investigated the relationship of variables derived from a videotaped psychosocial interview and from self-report measures, and two histopathologic indicators: tumor thickness and level of invasion. Associations of psychosocial variables to prognostic indicators were stronger within the younger vs the older subject group. In a multiple regression analysis, patient delay in seeking medical attention emerged as the most significant variable predicting tumor thickness. A study of factors related to patient delay found longer delays in patients who had lesions on the back, less previous knowledge of melanoma, less understanding of its treatment and less minimization of its seriousness. Another study compared the repressive coping reactions--defined as the discrepancy between reported anxiety and that reflected in electrodermal activity--in melanoma patients, cardiovascular disease patients and disease-free controls. The melanoma group was significantly more 'repressed' on the combined self-report/physiological measure, as well as on other self-report measures of repressiveness. In order to investigate the relationship of psychosocial factors to more disease-relevant physiological variables, the next study focused on two clinical variables significantly predictive of disease outcome:mitotic rate of the tumor and lymphocytes at tumor site. Emotional expression of sadness and anger, rated from the videotaped interviews, was positively correlated with tumor-specific host-response factors and negatively correlated with mitotic rate. In another study, subjects who had died or had disease progression were matched on the basis of tumor and demographic characteristics with subjects who had no evidence of disease by follow-up. The unfavorable outcome group had higher scores on self-report scales of dysophoric emotion and distress which were administered one to three years previously. An experimental investigation of relationships among behavioral, physiological and tumor outcome variables in the Syrian hamster found that general activity was correlated positively with greater tumor growth following induction. These results were compared to those from the preceeding two human studies, and discussed in terms of a stress-arousal-coping model.
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PMID:Biopsychosocial studies on cutaneous malignant melanoma: psychosocial factors associated with prognostic indicators, progression, psychophysiology and tumor-host response. 400 92

This workshop intended to perform a "state-of-the art" of current research on adhesion molecules in various pathophysiologies, and to determine pharmacological targets. Indeed, recent important progress concerning the cellular and molecular physiology of adhesion molecules led to the development of various integrin antagonists in several domains, like cardiovascular disease, inflammation and cancer. Integrins play a major role in numerous process like embryonic development, tumor growth and metastasis, apoptosis, hemostasis, leucocyte recruitment and activation, and bone resorption. The development of integrin antagonists is well advanced in the cardiovascular domain, since the first marketed drug (abciximax, Reopro) is an antibody directed against the GPIIb/IIIa complex (integrin alpha IIb/beta 3) involved in the final pathway of platelet aggregation. Another active domain of research in pharmacology is 'cardioprotection', i.e. the prevention of cardiac damages induced by the reperfusion of the coronary bed after an ischemia secondary to thrombolysis, angioplasty, of coronary bypass. The pharmacological targets of these antagonists are integrins involved in various process like leucocyte and platelet adhesion and endothelial function. Other potential indications in the cardiovascular field are restenosis after angioplasty, and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Cell adhesion molecules and pharmacologic applications. Round Table No 3 at Giens XIII]. 980 7

Angiogenesis is the proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to form new blood vessels. Largely muted after adolescence, angiogenesis may be reignited by cancerous cells. Neoangiogenesis plays a primary role in tumor growth and metastases. Antiangiogenic therapy to limit and even reverse the growth of tumors are under investigation and showing promise. A derivative of fumagillin, TNP 470, is the first angiogenesis inhibitor to be given to humans. Surprisingly, several potent inhibitors are derived from tumors themselves. Researchers nowc recognize that stimulation of angiogenesis may have a place in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Reestablishing blood flow to ischemic tissue through angiogenesis may provide a biologic "bypass" for patients with ischemic heart disease. The same applies to the treatment of peripheral vascular disease.
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PMID:Regulating angiogenesis: a new therapeutic strategy. 980 69

Herbs have been used as food and for medicinal purposes for centuries. Research interest has focused on various herbs that possess hypolipidemic, antiplatelet, antitumor, or immune-stimulating properties that may be useful adjuncts in helping reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. In different herbs, a wide variety of active phytochemicals, including the flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulfides, polyphenolics, carotenoids, coumarins, saponins, plant sterols, curcumins, and phthalides have been identified. Several of these phytochemicals either inhibit nitrosation or the formation of DNA adducts or stimulate the activity of protective enzymes such as the Phase II enzyme glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18). Research has centered around the biochemical activity of the Allium sp. and the Labiatae, Umbelliferae, and Zingiberaceae families, as well as flaxseed, licorice root, and green tea. Many of these herbs contain potent antioxidant compounds that provide significant protection against chronic diseases. These compounds may protect LDL cholesterol from oxidation, inhibit cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes, inhibit lipid peroxidation, or have antiviral or antitumor activity. The volatile essential oils of commonly used culinary herbs, spices, and herbal teas inhibit mevalonate synthesis and thereby suppress cholesterol synthesis and tumor growth.
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PMID:Health-promoting properties of common herbs. 1047 21

Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in numerous disease processes, including tumor growth and metastasis, arthritis, and periodontal disease. It is now becoming increasingly clear that extracellular matrix degradation by MMPs is also involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. Administration of synthetic MMP inhibitors in experimental animal models of these cardiovascular diseases significantly inhibits the progression of, respectively, atherosclerotic lesion formation, neointima formation, left ventricular remodeling, pump dysfunction, and infarct healing. This review focuses on the role of MMPs in cardiovascular disease, in particular myocardial infarction and the subsequent progression to heart failure. MMPs, which are present in the myocardium and capable of degrading all the matrix components of the heart, are the driving force behind myocardial matrix remodeling. The recent finding that acute pharmacological inhibition of MMPs or deficiency in MMP-9 attenuates left ventricular dilatation in the infarcted mouse heart led to the proposal that MMP inhibitors could be used as a potential therapy for patients at risk for the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Although these promising results encourage the design of clinical trials with MMP inhibitors, there are still several unresolved issues. This review describes the biology of MMPs and discusses new insights into the role of MMPs in several cardiovascular diseases. Attention will be paid to the central role of the plasminogen system as an important activator of MMPs in the remodeling process after myocardial infarction. Finally, we speculate on the use of MMP inhibitors as potential therapy for heart failure.
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PMID:Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition after myocardial infarction: a new approach to prevent heart failure? 1148 70

EM-652 exerts pure antiestrogenic activity in the mammary gland and endometrium, while tamoxifen, the antiestrogen most widely used for the treatment of breast cancer, exerts mixed antiestrogenic-estrogenic activity in these tissues. Our objective was to compare the agonistic and antagonistic effects of EM-652 with tamoxifen and 5 other antiestrogens on the growth of ZR-75-1 human breast xenografts in ovariectomized nude mice. During the 23 weeks of treatment at a daily oral dose of 50 microg, EM-652 was the only compound that decreased tumor size relative to pretreatment values, whereas the 6 other antiestrogens only decreased to various extents the progression rate stimulated by estrone. Under estrone stimulation, all groups of animals had more than 60% of their tumors in the progression category except for the EM-652-treated group, where only 7% of the tumors progressed. In the absence of estrone stimulation, progression was seen in 60%, 33%, 21% and 12% of tumors in the tamoxifen-, idoxifene-, toremifene- and raloxifene-treated groups, respectively, while only 4% of tumors progressed in the EM-652-treated group. The agonistic and antagonistic actions of each antiestrogen were also measured on endometrial epithelial cell thickness. Our present findings indicate that EM-652, in addition to being the most potent antiestrogen on human breast tumor growth, has no agonistic effect in breast and endometrial tissues. Since previous data have shown benefits of EM-652 on bone density and lipid profile, this compound could be an ideal candidate for chemoprevention of breast and uterine cancers, while protecting against osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of EM-652 (SCH57068), tamoxifen, toremifene, droloxifene, idoxifene, GW-5638 and raloxifene on the growth of human ZR-75-1 breast tumors in nude mice. 1197 44

Polyphenolic compounds in cranberries have been investigated to determine their role in protection against cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Extracts of whole fruit were assayed for radical-scavenging activity and tumor growth inhibition using seven tumor cell lines. Selective inhibition of K562 and HT-29 cells was observed from a methanolic extract in the range of 16-125 microg/mL. Radical-scavenging activity was greatest in an extract composed primarily of flavonol glycosides. Seven flavonol glycosides were isolated and purified from whole fruit for further evaluation; the anthocyanin cyanidin 3-galactoside was also purified for comparison with the flavonoids. Three flavonol monoglycosides were newly identified by (13)C NMR as myricetin 3-alpha-arabinofuranoside, quercetin 3-xyloside, and 3-methoxyquercetin 3-beta-galactoside (isorhamnetin); the other four isolated were the previously identified myricetin 3-beta-galactoside, quercetin 3-beta-galactoside, quercetin 3-alpha-arabinofuranoside, and quercetin 3-alpha-rhamnopyranoside. These compounds were evaluated for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and ability to inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro. Most of the flavonol glycosides showed antioxidant activity comparable or superior to that of vitamin E; cyanidin 3-galactoside showed activity superior to that of the flavonoids as well as vitamin E or Trolox in both antioxidant assays.
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PMID:Antioxidant activities and antitumor screening of extracts from cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon). 1235 48

Therapeutic angiogenesis with gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a new potential treatment in cardiovascular disease. However, unregulated VEGF-mediated angiogenesis has the potential to promote tumor growth, accelerate diabetic proliferative retinopathy, and promote rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. To be safe and effective, gene therapy with VEGF must be regulated. To limit the risk of pathological angiogenesis, we developed a hypoxia-inducible VEGF gene therapy system using the erythropoietin (Epo) enhancer and water-soluble lipopolymer (WSLP). pEpo-SV-VEGF or pSV-VEGF-Epo was constructed by insertion of the Epo enhancer upstream of the Simian Virus 40 (SV40) promoter or downstream of the poly(A) signal of pSV-VEGF. In vitro transfection showed that pEpo-SV-VEGF, not pSV-VEGF-Epo, induced the VEGF expression in hypoxic cells. In addition, the VEGF protein, which was produced from the Epo-SV-VEGF-transfected and hypoxia-incubated cells, was able to enhance the proliferation of the endothelial cells. Injection of the pEpo-SV-VEGF/WSLP complex showed that the expression of VEGF was induced in ischemic myocardium, compared to normal myo-cardium. Therefore, with the localized induction of VEGF and the low cytotoxicity of WSLP, the pEpo-SV-VEGF/WSLP system may be helpful to eventually treat ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:Hypoxia-inducible VEGF gene delivery to ischemic myocardium using water-soluble lipopolymer. 1290 44


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