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Query: UMLS:C0598934 (tumor growth)
 58,965 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transitional and squamous-cell carcinomas of the bladder that were transplanted and successfully retransplanted in further passages to NMRI nu/nu mice were used to test the efficacy of chemotherapy. Mitomycin and bleomycin consistently retarded tumor growth; results with platinex and methotrexate were variable. Combination therapy was not much better than single-drug therapy. Substances that proved effective in the mouse model produced some response in the corresponding patients in a series of patients on specific chemotherapy. In a previous study we have shown that tumor growth of transplanted human bladder carcinoma accelerates, unlike transplanted renal cell carcinoma when successfully subpassaged, resulting in a uniformly fast growing rate similar in all transplanted tumors including those which initially started with slow growing rates. Most importantly, however, tests in a given tumor conducted on a slow-growing early passage and on a fast-growing late passage produced different results. We concluded that this finding might explain the clinical observation that tumor remission due to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic bladder carcinoma does not last very long and seldom prolongs survival. It is assumed--it is not proved--that substances that proved effective in fast growing passages are probably likely to yield greater prolongation of life than those effective in slow-growing passages.
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PMID:Chemotherapy and human bladder carcinoma transplanted into NMRI nu/nu mice. 241 53

Radiation dosimetry and monoclonal antibody (MAB)-targeted radiotherapy studies were performed to evaluate the feasibility of using tumor-preferential MAB as targeting agents for internal radiotherapy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two human RCC xenograft lines, TK-177G and TK-82, were established in nude mice and studied using MAB A6H as a targeting agent. This MAB has previously demonstrated excellent in vivo localization to RCC xenografts. Two doses of A6H (13 to 19 micrograms) labeled with iodine 131 (110 to 130 microCi) caused the tumor to regress or arrested the tumor growth in both xenografts. Similar doses (18 to 43 micrograms; 120 microCi) of 131I-labeled control MAB AFP-22 or of unlabeled A6H did not inhibit tumor growth. While most mice in the control groups had tumors greater than 250 mg in weight by day 43, none of the tumors in mice treated with 131I-labeled A6H grew to that size during the 3-month observation period. Sequential computerized scintigraphy was used to calculate the amount of radioisotope localized in tumor versus normal mouse tissue. Therapeutic doses of 131I-labeled A6H delivered a median calculated radiation dose of 38 cGy/microCi (range, 28 to 57) injected dose to RCC xenografts, and a median of 0.9 cGy/microCi to normal mouse tissues. These findings suggest that A6H is able to target radioisotopes highly specifically to RCC and achieve a therapeutic effect in the experimental setting.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody-targeted radiotherapy of renal cell carcinoma using a nude mouse model. 245 55

Swainsonine, a plant alkaloid and potent inhibitor of Asn-linked oligosaccharide processing, has previously been shown to inhibit organ colonization by metastatic murine tumor cells and to inhibit the growth of transformed fibroblasts in soft agar. In this report, we show that swainsonine has antiproliferative activity against human tumor cells growing in tissue culture and as tumor xenografts in nude mice. The antiproliferative activity of swainsonine was additive with that of human interferon-alpha 2 (HuIFN-alpha 2) in cultures of HT29 colon carcinoma, SN12 renal carcinoma, and A375 melanoma cells. In vivo, the growth rate of HT29m human colon carcinoma tumors in athymic nude mice was reduced by supplementing their drinking water with swainsonine (49%) or by administering HuIFN-alpha 2 systemically (53%); combining these treatments reduced tumor growth by 78%. Combining swainsonine and HuIFN-alpha 2 treatments enhanced the activity of the interferon-inducible enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate [2',5'-oligo(A)] synthetase in HT29m tumors compared to that observed in tumors from mice treated with interferon alone. In vitro, swainsonine enhanced interferon-dependent induction of 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity in low-density cultures of HT29m cells. However, swainsonine alone did not stimulate 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity in vivo or in vitro, indicating that the antiproliferative effect of swainsonine is independent of interferon production. The results suggest that in addition to the previously reported antimetastatic activity of swainsonine, the plant alkaloid has antiproliferative activity that is independent from, but additive with, that of interferon in vivo and in vitro.
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PMID:Inhibition of human HT29 colon carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo by swainsonine and human interferon-alpha 2. 249 93

IFN-beta was more active than recombinant interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha) and interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) in a human renal cell carcinoma transplanted in nude mice. In 3 out of 5 mice, the tumor completely disappeared and viable tumor cells were not observed at a daily dose of 5 x 10(5) U/mouse. Combination with anti-asialo GM1 antibody did not influence the tumor growth inhibition by IFN-beta. Mononuclear cells around damaged cancer cells were found not to be macrophages. Although the role of mononuclear cells remained unknown, the antitumor activity of IFN-beta seemed to depend on its direct cellular action. IFN-beta may be a useful agent in some renal cell carcinomas.
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PMID:The antitumor effects of IFN- beta against human renal cell carcinoma in athymic nude mice. 251 76

Growth delay was measured in TK-82 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) xenografts implanted in nude mice receiving single fraction external beam irradiation (SF-XRT), multifraction external beam irradiation (MF-XRT), or radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Thermoluminescent dosimeter(s) (TLD) and autoradiography were used to ascertain the average absorbed dose delivered and the degree of heterogeneous uptake of radiolabeled antibody for the RIT irradiations. For intravenous administered activities of 100, 200, 400, and 600 microCi of I-131 labeled A6H antibody, volume doubling times (VDT) and TLD absorbed dose measurements for each administered activity were 7 days (341 cGy), 38 days (383 cGy), 85 days (886 cGy) and no regrowth (1034 cGy), respectively. For SF-XRT irradiations of 500, 1000, and 1500 cGy, VDT times were 11, 62, and 103 days, respectively. MF-XRT of 4 X 250 cGy over a 2-week period yielded a VDT of 25 days. Marked peripheral activity deposition was noted on most autoradiographs from multiple tumor samples. These data suggest that an equivalent to superior tumor growth delay is obtained for absorbed doses delivered by exponentially decaying low dose rate radioimmunotherapy RIT compared to similar doses of acute dose rate XRT as quantitated by the TLD method.
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PMID:Radiobiological comparison of external beam irradiation and radioimmunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma xenografts. 259 9

The clinical features of renal cell carcinoma may include complex systemic presenting symptoms unrelated to the urogenital tract. A particular characteristic of the tumor is the presence of widespread and unusual metastatic sites due to the high frequency of extension of the tumor into the renal vein and to subsequent hematogenous invasion. The prognosis, in general, is poor. A contributing factor is that the silent nature of the primary tumor frequently results in far-advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. The overall 10-year survival rate after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is 18% to 27%. The evidence that an immune mechanism regulates tumor growth is minimal. Paraneoplastic syndromes and ectopic hormone production result in multiple-systematic symptoms and abnormal clinical chemistries. Compared with other methods of staging, the new TNM system contains a greater number of separate categories for different levels of renal vein, vena caval, and lymph node metastases. Although the system is complicated, it allows for a more accurate determination of prognosis. Computerized tomography appears to be the most effective and accurate method for making staging determinations.
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PMID:Pathology, biology, and clinical staging of renal cell carcinoma. 264 54

Various human tumor tissues contain different growth factors. In some cases progression of tumors is paralleled by elevated levels of these substances in blood or in tumor tissue. There is evidence that these growth promoting peptides might stimulate tumor growth. The growth of most tumors was associated with insulin-like substances (MW 45,000). We isolated and purified a substance immunologically cross-reactive with insulin (SICRI) from human melanoma. We found the molecular weight of affinity purified SICRI to be approximately 120,000. Our in vitro experiments with human renal carcinoma cells and growth factors suggest an important role of these molecules in tumor progression.
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PMID:Growth factors in human tumors. 265 14

A nude mouse renal subcapsular and subcutaneous implantation xenograft model utilizing the SN12C human renal carcinoma cell line was investigated. In the absence of treatment, renal subcapsular implantation of SN12C resulted in metastatic spread (lung, liver and lymph nodes) and death of all animals. Radical nephrectomy of the tumor-bearing kidney after various periods of tumor implantation demonstrated that surgery alone after 18 days of tumor growth resulted in no statistically significant increase in survival with 100% of the nephrectomized animals succumbing to local recurrence and distant metastases. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) and VP16 (etoposide), both well known cytotoxic and cytostatic anticancer agents, were tested singly and in combination against this metastatic model of human renal adenocarcinoma. Single agent rTNF or VP16 therapy after radical nephrectomy demonstrated only minimal efficacy with no significant decrease in local recurrence and distant metastases as compared to nephrectomy only control animals. In contrast, the combination of rTNF plus VP16 when given after nephrectomy resulted in a significant decrease in local recurrence and no gross evidence of metastasis in any animal. Subcutaneously growing SN12C tumor nodules were also treated with the same rTNF, VP16 and combination regimens. Regression in tumor size was noted only in the combination treatment group. rTNF or VP16, as single agents, demonstrated only slight growth inhibition that was not statistically significant. These results suggest that by combining TNF plus VP16, a synergistic enhancement of antineoplastic activity against local as well as metastatic human renal cell carcinoma can be produced.
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PMID:Enhanced anti-tumor effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor plus VP-16 on metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a xenograft model. 273 97

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was estimated in Hypernephroma by saturation analysis using 125-I EGF as ligand. Tissue levels of this oncogene related protein were increased five-fold (24 to 99 fmol/mg protein) in comparison with the surrounding tumor free tissue (3 to 18 fmoles/mg protein). There was no apparent correlation to the stage of tumor growth or tumor differentiation and there was no correlation of EGF serum levels with tumor growth. EGF serum levels in the tumor patients did not exceed levels in control patients.
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PMID:Epidermal growth factor receptor in adenocarcinoma of the kidney. 278 50

The applicability of the subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) as a method for chemosensitivity testing of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was assessed. Tissue fragments of about one mm3. in size, obtained from patients who had undergone nephrectomy because of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), were implanted in preirradiated mice. The change of the size of the implanted tissue as well as the histology of the tissue were determined six days later. Untreated control tumors were used to determine the evaluability of the individual assays using criteria based on 1) tumor growth (an increase in tumor size or a decrease not exceeding 0.05 mm.) and 2) tumor histology (presence of carcinoma cells in at least 70% of the tissues). The first criterion was fulfilled in 20/24 (83%) of the renal tumors; tumor histology was satisfactory in 9/24 (38%) of the tumors. Taken together, only 9/24 assays were considered to be evaluable. Discrepancies between measurement and histologic appearance were also found for individual tumors and for treated tumors. Due to the lack of correlation between measurement and histology change in tumor size therefore cannot be considered a reliable parameter for assessing viability or drug activity.
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PMID:Human renal cell carcinoma in the six day subrenal capsule assay. 279 39


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