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 3,232 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The plasticity of the nervous system is illustrated in the many new neuronal connections that are formed during the acquisition of behavioral skills, loss of function after brain injury, and subsequent recovery of function. The present review describes the acquisition of skilled reaching, the act of reaching for food with a forelimb, and the changes that take place in skilled reaching following motor cortex stroke. The review then discusses the difficulty in associating plastic changes with specific aspects of behavioral change. Skilled reaching behavior is complex and consists of a number of oppositions (stimulus response relationships), between the rat and the food target, a number of forelimb gestures (non-weight supporting movements), which are performed to obtain food, and a complex series of segmental movements (of the limb, head, and trunk), all of which influence the success of the act. Measures of these four aspects of skilled reaching behavior following motor cortex stroke reveal that there are a number of learned changes that take place at different times, including learned nonuse, learned bad-use, and forgetting. The widespread dendritic proliferation, axonal growth, and synaptic formation that take place both before and after stroke are difficult to precisely relate to these behavioral changes. Whereas plasticity is usually proposed to be associated with improved performance it is suggested that future work should attempt to better relate plastic changes to the details of behavioral changes.
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PMID:The problem of relating plasticity and skilled reaching after motor cortex stroke in the rat. 1828 20

A 39-year-old man with a diffuse axonal injury self-presented to the cognitive function clinic of the Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital complaining of behavioral errors in his daily life, such as scooping hot rice into a glass instead of a bowl or forgetting to turn off the gas stove after cooking. This type of error has been referred to as an action slip-a form of unintentional behavioral error that occurs when an individual attempts to perform an automatic and/or familiar task. In this case, action slips occurred nine times a day on average and had a serious and long-term impact on the man's daily quality of life. To reduce the impact of action slips, we created a one-on-one cognitive intervention that used a combination of mnemonic strategies, such as verbalizing his actions as he carried them out, and external aids, including a waist pouch, a voice-controlled artificial intelligence (AI) speaker, and an AI key finder. After 3 years of intervention, the man reported some improvement in his daily activities and a reduction in the number of action slips. Thus, intervention strategies for individuals with a diffuse axonal injury may benefit from targeting action slips. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of action slips in an individual with a diffuse axonal injury.
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PMID:Scooping Rice Into a Glass and Putting a Cell Phone in the Refrigerator: Action Slips in an Individual With a Diffuse Axonal Injury. 3326 53