Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0598853 (forgetting)
 3,232 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The levels of noncompliance among 175 oral contraceptive acceptors in a rural area of Bangladesh were monitored for 3-4 months. Unexpectedly high levels of noncompliance were observed, including both overconsumption and underconsumption of oral contraceptive pills. Although the study was designed to investigate only the levels of noncompliance and not the causes and consequences of noncompliance, some useful indications of the factors associated with noncompliance were obtained. The results indicate that noncompliance is a significant factor in family planning programs and, as such, warrants further indepth investigation. The study was undertaken within the Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning (MCH-FP) program of the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) in Matlab Thana, Comilla District, Bangladesh. All oral contraceptive acceptors in 2 of the 4 areas of the MCH-FP program were studied for 3-4 months, within the period May-September 1982. During routine biweekly visits to clients under the program, the community health workers recorded their observations and any pertinent comments volunteered by clients. Recorded observations include the date of the visit, number of unopened OC cycles in the client's possession and the number of pills removed from the OC cycle in current use. Among OC acceptors in the developed countries, occasionally forgetting to take the OC pill seems to be a common occurrence but since the packets are generally marked with a calendar, the omissions are usually quickly discovered and corrected. Illiterate women, however, cannot benefit from such remainders. Noncompliance occurs in the ICDDR,B MCH-FP program to a substantially greater extent than was ever considered likely. The number of clients having moderate levels of noncompliance was low even when compared to the number of users who were compliant. OC acceptors generally fall into 2 categories: those who follow the prescribed regimen carefully and are compliant and those who have their own perceptions of how OC pills should be taken, which may only loosely relate to the prescribed regimen and are therefore highly noncompliant.
 ...
PMID:Noncompliance among oral contraceptive acceptors in rural Bangladesh. 398 82

The neural mechanisms underlying memory regulation during sleep are not yet fully understood. We found that melanin concentrating hormone-producing neurons (MCH neurons) in the hypothalamus actively contribute to forgetting in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Hypothalamic MCH neurons densely innervated the dorsal hippocampus. Activation or inhibition of MCH neurons impaired or improved hippocampus-dependent memory, respectively. Activation of MCH nerve terminals in vitro reduced firing of hippocampal pyramidal neurons by increasing inhibitory inputs. Wake- and REM sleep-active MCH neurons were distinct populations that were randomly distributed in the hypothalamus. REM sleep state-dependent inhibition of MCH neurons impaired hippocampus-dependent memory without affecting sleep architecture or quality. REM sleep-active MCH neurons in the hypothalamus are thus involved in active forgetting in the hippocampus.
 ...
PMID:REM sleep-active MCH neurons are involved in forgetting hippocampus-dependent memories. 3159 5

In the brain, long-term memories correspond to changes in synaptic weights after certain patterns of neural activity. Behaviourally, this corresponds to a change in action evoked by a repeating experience. Forming and updating memories (learning, remembering, forgetting) is fundamental for most aspects of cognitive and motor performance. The roles of the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala have been studied extensively in this context. However, the lateral hypothalamus - a brain-wide projecting region traditionally known as a nutrient-sensor and controller of arousal and motivation - is also critical for updating many types of associative and non-associative memories. Does the hypothalamus play a primary role in learning, or are hypothalamic effects on learning secondary to changes in brain state such as attention/motivation? We argue that such primary and secondary effects are distinguishable under experimental conditions where attention/motivation states are constant or absent, e.g. during sleep or in reduced in vitro preparations. The documented control by hypothalamus-unique transmitters, such as orexin and MCH, of synaptic strength in isolated brain slice preparations implies a primary role for the hypothalamus in synaptic weight updating, rather than a secondary role due to changes in arousal/attention/motivation states (which are absent in brain slices). Such hypothalamic control of memory-related synaptic machinery may enable gating/thresholding/permissive/tagging operations within yet poorly defined logic gates for memory updating. Hypothalamic signals may thus facilitate cost-benefit analysis of learning and memory in real-world settings. Whether the hypothalamus controls only specific types of learning, or broadcasts a global signal for memory updating, remains to be elucidated.
 ...
PMID:The hypothalamus as a primary coordinator of memory updating. 3248 84