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Query: UMLS:C0598853 (forgetting)
 3,232 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A control group of young men (N = 28) continuously practiced climbing a free-standing ladder for 20 1-min. "trials" separated by 1-min. rests; after a 1-wk. layoff they practiced 5 additional trials. The learning trend, of the exponential form, y = c - a1e -kx1 - a2e -kx2 was not affected by the layoff. Another group (N = 28) performed the skill in the same manner, except that prior to the layoff the 1-min. Rests were replaced with practice on the pursuit rotor task. This caused a cumulative learning deficit and forgetting during the layoff. Progressive improvement in 5 post-layoff trials (without the rotor) established relearning and overcame the deficit. These effects were statistically significant. They were thought to be caused by the rotor practice interfering with just-learned ladder skill consolidation, so that the gain in skill was not processed into long-term memory.
Percept Mot Skills 1978 Jun
PMID:Influence of an interpolated non-related motor task on short- and long-term memory learning and retention of a gross motor skill. 67 58

Rehearsal, backward counting, and production of alpha brain-waves were used as interpolated tasks in a Brown-Peterson paradigm to determine their effect upon verbal retention. A within-subjects design was used in which trained subjects were told on a given trial either to produce alpha rhythm, mentally rehearse, or count backward following presentation of a CCC trigram. Results for the backward-counting condition duplicate, for the retention intervals used, the shape of the classic Peterson and Peterson forgetting curve but indicate little loss of memory in either the rehearsal or alpha conditions. No siginificant difference was found between the alpha production and rehearsal conditions.
Percept Mot Skills 1976 Apr
PMID:Alpha brain wave production as an interpolated task in a Brown-Peterson paradigm. 127 77

The purpose of the present study was to examine the retention of a constructed motor program. 12 subjects were required to react and produce a designated peak force as soon as possible after each of two starting signals separated by a variable time interval of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 sec. Analysis showed that simple reaction time and premotor time to initiate the second response sharply increased as the length of the retention interval increased from 0 to 2 sec., with no further increases thereafter. These findings suggest that nearly all of the forgetting of the constructed motor program occurred within the first 2 sec., which may be the approximate upper limit for the retention of this constructed motor program. These findings also may suggest that rapid decay of the motor program would be the basis for programming delay in simple-reaction paradigm.
Percept Mot Skills 1991 Feb
PMID:Short-term retention of a constructed motor program. 203 31

The main purpose was to examine the role of proactive interference in temporal short-term memory when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, made without time-aiding techniques. Visual durations of 1, 4, and 8 sec. were estimated by 18 subjects under the method of reproduction. Three retention intervals were used: immediate reproduction, 15, and 30 sec. of rest. The three intertrial intervals were immediate, 15, and 30 sec. Constant error was used as an index of bias. The constant errors provided no indication that proactive interference was operating in temporal short-term memory. The lack of proactive interference was not associated with intertrial intervals; even when the intertrial intervals were shortened to 1 sec. no proactive interference was observed. Variable error was used to evaluate effects of forgetting. The variable errors for the 4- and 8-sec. durations seemed amenable to a trace-decay explanation.
Percept Mot Skills 1986 Oct
PMID:Proactive interference and intertrial interval in short-term retention of temporal visual information. 380 65

This study compared the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under either subject-defined or experimenter-defined rehearsal. Subjects were presented visual durations of 1 and 4 sec. and then required to reproduce these durations following a 15-sec. retention interval. To help maintain the durations in memory, subjects were asked to use either a conscious cognitive strategy or a mental counting strategy. It was predicted that experimenter-defined rehearsal would show less forgetting, as measured by variable error, but this prediction was not supported. There also was no evidence of any response bias or context effects in the temporal reproductions. These results were compared with two previous studies that utilized similar cognitive strategies.
Percept Mot Skills 1984 Feb
PMID:Rehearsal of temporal visual information. 671 85

This study examined the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information about visually guided movements. Subjects attempted to recall a preselected movement of a particular duration either immediately or after an unfilled or filled retention interval. Subjects did not benefit from an opportunity to rehearse information about duration of movement over the interval. This finding supports a decay model of forgetting for temporal information about visually guided movements.
Percept Mot Skills 1984 Feb
PMID:Short-term memory for duration of movement. 671

The main purpose was to determine the characteristics of long-term retention of temporal information. Visual durations of 1, 4, and 8 sec. were estimated by 120 subjects under the method of reproduction. Four retention intervals were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 2 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The percentage absolute and percentage variable errors were used to evaluate effects of forgetting. When subjects hold time lengths of 1, 4, and 8 sec. in memory for a period of 14 or 28 days, they become less accurate and more variable than if they recall the item immediately or after 2 days. One explanation for the nature of forgetting was suggested. The percentage constant error was used as an index of bias. Subjects had a tendency to overestimate the 1-sec. and to underestimate the 4- and 8-sec. time durations. The hypothesis that the longer-term memory of perceptual estimates of temporal information follows a pattern similar to that of other continuous dimensions was not confirmed over these intervals.
Percept Mot Skills 1982 Jun
PMID:Long-term retention of temporal information. 709 93

To determine the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, i.e., subjects were instructed to refrain from employing time-aiding techniques, auditory durations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. were estimated by 30 subjects by reproduction. Five levels of retention interval were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 30-sec. rest, 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 0 bit per response, 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 1 bit per response, and 30-sec. interpolated activity with a response uncertainty of 2 bits per response. Variable error evaluated effects of forgetting. When subjects hold durations of 8, 16, and 32 sec. in memory for a 30-sec. rest or 30-sec. interpolated activity, they become more variable than if they recall the item immediately. The variabilities between the 30-sec. rest and the 30-sec. interpolated activity retention intervals were similar. Two explanations for the presence of an interaction between duration and retention interval under the variable error were suggested. The constant error was used as an index of bias. Immediate reproduction of the retention interval had less mean constant error than 30-sec. rest retention under the 8-, 16-, and 32-sec. durations. That particular result was explained in perceptual terms.
Percept Mot Skills 1982 Aug
PMID:Short-term retention of temporal auditory information. 713 1

The main purpose was to determine the short-term retention characteristics of temporal information when subjects experienced time under a conscious cognitive strategy for time estimation, i.e., subjects were instructed to refrain from employing the time-aiding techniques. Visual time lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. were estimated by 12 subjects under the method of reproduction. Three levels of retention interval were used, viz., immediate reproduction, 20 sec. of rest, and 20 sec. of interpolated activity, i.e., counting backwards by threes. The variable error was used to evaluate effects of forgetting. When subjects hold time lengths of 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. in memory for a period of 20 sec. of rest or 20 sec. of interpolated activity, they become more variable than if they recall the item immediately. The variability between the 20 sec. of rest and the 20 sec. of interpolated activity retention intervals was similar. Two explanations for the lack of an interaction between time lengths and retention interval under the variable error were suggested. The constant error was used as an index of bias. Immediate reproduction of the retention interval had less mean constant error than 20 sec. of rest retention under the 32-sec. time length. The particular result was explained in perceptual terms.
Percept Mot Skills 1981 Jun
PMID:Short-term retention of temporal information. 726 49

How maintenance of orientation during locomotion in unfamiliar environments is accomplished was investigated by presenting subjects (n = 32) a target in different locations in a dark room, having them walk linearly behind a moving light line (1.12 m/sec.), and from a stopping point 12 and 22.6 m away, numerically estimate direction and distance to the target. An equal number of subjects was assigned to each of 2 X 2 treatment levels: the starting point either visible or invisible from the stopping point and the target either visible only from the starting point or throughout each trial. In the conditions with invisible targets there were mainly negative effects of the visible starting point, partially the same as those previously obtained for a concurrent task during locomotion. The results suggested that maintenance of orientation is achieved by recurrent central processing of information, which if postponed leads to impaired performance mainly because forgetting occurs.
Percept Mot Skills 1980 Aug
PMID:Processing of information about location during locomotion: effects of amount of visual information about the locomotor patterns. 743 62


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