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Query: UMLS:C0598853 (forgetting)
 3,232 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two functionally distinct forms of recognition memory have been identified in human and nonhuman species-the ability to recollect qualitative information about previous events, and the ability to differentiate between familiar and novel stimuli. Separate dual-process theories have been developed in the animal and human literatures to account for these findings. However, it is not clear whether these theories describe the same two underlying memory processes. On the basis of animal studies of medial temporal lobe function, familiarity is expected to exhibit disproportionately fast forgetting compared with recollection over short retention intervals. We tested this prediction in healthy human subjects by examining recognition forgetting rates across a range of 8-32 intervening items and found significant forgetting in the accuracy of familiarity-based discriminations and no evidence of forgetting in the accuracy of recollection-based discriminations. In agreement with the results from nonhuman species, the present results indicate that item familiarity decreases more rapidly than recollection over short retention intervals.
Psychon Bull Rev 2002 Sep
PMID:Dissociating familiarity from recollection in human recognition memory: different rates of forgetting over short retention intervals. 1241 99

Previous research has demonstrated that the act of remembering can prompt the temporary suppression of related items in memory-that is, retrieval-induced forgetting (Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994). In extending work of this kind, the present research sought to identify some important boundary conditions of this effect. As expected, temporary forgetting was eliminated under task conditions that elicited distinctive encoding operations-specifically, when material was relevant to the self. This result is noteworthy since it identifies spontaneous processing operations that protect information from temporary forgetting, a finding that has important implications both for the emergence of this inhibitory effect in everyday life and for theoretical treatments of memory function.
Psychon Bull Rev 2002 Sep
PMID:I was always on my mind: the self and temporary forgetting. 1241 4

The growing number of recipients of artificial heart valves draws ever more frequent attention to the problem of anticoagulant therapy, not only in its daily management but also in the event of specific conditions such as pregnancy, extra-cardiac surgery and invasive cardiac procedures in which specific measures must be adopted. In each case it is necessary to take into account not only the characteristics of the individual prosthesis but also those of the individual patient, each time making an overall assessment of the specific thromboembolic risk without forgetting possible complications of hemorrhage. This review examines the various mechanisms underlying the thromboembolic risk and, in the light of the leading literature on the topic, seeks to identify the most appropriate behaviors to adopt in the management of each individual case.
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2002 Sep
PMID:[Anticoagulation in patients with heart valve prosthesis]. 1241 25

Two experiments investigated the effects of normal aging and dementia on laboratory-based prospective memory (PM) tasks. Participants viewed a film for a later recognition memory task. In Experiment 1, they were also required either to say "animal" when an animal appeared in the film (event-based PM task) or to stop a clock every 3 min (time-based PM task). In both tasks, young participants were more successful than older participants, who were, in turn, more successful than patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). For successful remembering in the time-based task, older participants and AD patients checked the clock more often than did young participants. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to reset a clock either when an animal appeared in the film (unrelated cue-action) or when a clock appeared in the film (related cue-action). Responses were faster in the related condition than in the unrelated condition. Again, there were differences in PM performance between young and older participants, and between older participants and AD patients. The observed deficits were not due to the forgetting of the PM task instructions in either experiment. Retrospective memory (RM) tasks (digit span, sentence span, free recall, and recognition) were more impaired by AD than were the PM tasks. Factor analysis revealed separate factors corresponding to RM and PM.
Mem Cognit 2002 Sep
PMID:Prospective and retrospective memory in normal aging and dementia: an experimental study. 1245 91

In Lymnaea aerial respiratory behaviour can be operantly conditioned; snails learn not to perform this behaviour. Depending on the training procedure used, snails are competent to form either intermediate-term (ITM; lasting 1-3 h) or long-term (LTM; >4 h) memory. We found that cooling the snails for 1 h immediately after training was sufficient to block either ITM or LTM. Cooling snails for a similar period 10 or 15 min after cessation of training, failed to block ITM and LTM formation, respectively. Finally, we employed the cooling technique to extend both ITM and LTM. That is, cooling could prevent forgetting. Cooling extended LTM that normally persisted for 2 days to at least 8 days. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that forgetting is due to the learning and remembering of interfering events, and thus is an active process.
Neurobiol Learn Mem 2003 Sep
PMID:Cooling blocks ITM and LTM formation and preserves memory. 1293 28

In list-method directed forgetting, reexposure to forgotten List 1 items has been shown to reduce directed forgetting. proposed that reexposure to a few List 1 items only during a direct test of memory reinstates the entire List 1 episode. In the present experiments, part-list reexposure in the context of indirect as well as direct memory tests reduced directed forgetting. Directed forgetting was reduced when 50% or more of the items were reexposed, and was intact when only 25% were reexposed. Furthermore, part-list reexposure appeared to reinstate only reexposed items-not the entire List 1 episode.
Conscious Cogn 2003 Sep
PMID:Part-list reexposure and release of retrieval inhibition. 1294 Dec 83

Demanding work settings often require the deferral of intended actions. In 3 experiments, participants were to withhold a response until they encountered a task change (which occurred 5, 15, or 40 sec later). To approximate highly demanding settings, the experimenters sometimes divided attention during the delay period. During some of the delays the experimenters interrupted the participants with an additional task (Experiment 1). Demanding conditions as well as interruptions revealed rapid forgetting of intentions at levels that would be considered significant in applied settings. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that this rapid forgetting was not reduced by strategic rehearsal and implementation intention strategies. The results suggest that maintaining intentions over brief delays is not a trivial task for the human cognitive system.
J Exp Psychol Appl 2003 Sep
PMID:Forgetting of intentions in demanding situations is rapid. 1457 May 9

There is debate regarding the integrity of semantic memory in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). One view argues that DAT is associated with a breakdown in semantic memory; the other argues that DAT is associated with predominantly preserved semantic memory and a breakdown in retrieval. The classic release from proactive interference (RPI) paradigm was used to shed light on this debate. Individuals with early-stage DAT (n = 36) and healthy older adult controls (n = 45) participated in an RPI paradigm. Each trial was a Brown-Peterson task in which participants read three-word lists, counted (for 0, 3, 6, or 9 s), and recalled the words. Both groups showed significant proactive interference (PI), but the size of the PI was significantly smaller in the DAT group. The group difference in PI may be due to the faster forgetting rate in the DAT group. Both groups showed significant RPI and there was no group difference in size when RPI was considered in terms of PI levels. Both groups showed PI and RPI in prior list intrusions. The DAT group's significant buildup and release of PI based on semantic categories suggest predominantly preserved semantic memory activity, at least, in early-stage DAT individuals.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2003 Sep
PMID:Exploring semantic memory by investigating buildup and release of proactive interference in healthy older adults and individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type. 1463 41

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived helpfulness of telephone calls to 83 caregivers of family members with dementia. Study participants were assigned by groups to experimental (n = 41) or attention-only control (n = 42) conditions. Initial baseline interview data and narrative transcripts of telephone calls were used in this study. Major perceived reasons for helpfulness were that participants were assisted in sharing thoughts and feelings, expressing feelings of being overwhelmed, discussing physical and psychosocial problems, forgetting the situation, seeking reassurance, and asking for information; several participants perceived the telephone calls to be lacking in helpfulness. Results from this study suggest family caregivers can be helped through a variety of social support mechanisms.
J Gerontol Nurs 2004 Sep
PMID:Perceived helpfulness of telephone calls--providing support for caregivers of family members with dementia. 1547 Oct 59

The part of the hormonal contraception in Belgium is important. The mode of administration has diversified during these last years. Indeed, in order to prevent spotting and breakthrough bleeding sometimes associated with low dosage pill, trans mucosa as well as trans cutaneous hormone administrations are interesting developments. The use of these "non oral" administrations also aim at reducing the risk of forgetting the contraceptive pill which is, together with the leave of the method for intolerance the major cause of unplanned pregnancies in young women.
Rev Med Brux 2004 Sep
PMID:[Which contraception in 2004?]. 1551 77


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