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Query: UMLS:C0598853 (forgetting)
 3,232 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An intraindividual double-blind cross-over comparison for the anterograde effect on memory of unilateral non-dominant frontofrontal (FF) and temporo-parietal (TP) ECT was performed in connection with the second and third treatment of an ECT-series, the electrode placement being alternated at random. Treatment technique was standardized and seizure duration was measured by means of EEG. Memory functions were tested after treatments by means of four memory tests: the 30 Word-Pair Test, the 30 Figure Test, the 30 Geometrical Figure Test and the 30 Face Test. Three operationally defined memory variables, immediate memory (IMS, 3 hours after ECT), delayed memory (DMS, 3 hours after IMS), and their difference, forgetting, were scored. No differences were found in the mean time of electrical stimulation, in the amount of methohexital and suxamethonium chloride, and in seizure duration between the two treatment groups. No statistically significant differences in any of the memory tests were found. The FF electrode position did not show any advantage compared with the routine TP electrode placement.
Acta Psychiatr Scand 1977 Sep
PMID:Comparison of fronto-frontal and temporo-parietal unilateral ECT. 33 77

Nineteen mildly or moderately retarded subjects were presented 32 oddity-training trials per day for 10 days with all new etimuli presented on each trial. Six subjects learned oddity, approaching an asymptote of 100 percent correct. Six others showed a strong preference (78 percent) for the odd stimulus but failed to improve. Seven remained in the performance range of 50 to 60 percent without improving. On eight trials per day, the two specific cues of an oddity display, chosen randomly, were presented alone as probes for specific-cue learning. Probe trials were above chance for all subjects. These results show that attention to the relevant dimension, demonstrated by oddity preference, plus adequate reinforcing conditions, indicated by specific-cue learning, did not ensure oddity learning. We concluded that subjects do not necessarily learn about the cues that control behavior. The operation of differential forgetting and/or rehearsal of relative vs. specific vs. specific cues was proposed as a likely explanation.
Am J Ment Defic 1979 Sep
PMID:A limitation on the law of effect. 49 59

Speed of forgetting by the patient H.M. was examined in two experiments using picture recognition tests. In both experiments stimulus duration was manipulated to equalize initial performance by H.M. and others, and speed of forgetting was investigated over a period of one week. In the first experiment, where initial performance was high, H,M. appeared to forget faster than normal controls. In the second experiment, where initial performance was somewhat lower, H.M. was shown to forget faster than both controls and Korsakoff patients (who forget at a normal rate). These results suggest a functional difference between the amnesia with hippocampal lesions and the amnesia of Korsakoff's disease.
Cortex 1979 Sep
PMID:Normal and abnormal forgetting in organic amnesia: effect of locus of lesion. 54 May 10

Estimates of the effects of forgetting on the results of retrospective interviews varied according to the measures of past and present consumption--absolute alcohol or Quantity-Frequency-Variability scores.
J Stud Alcohol 1977 Sep
PMID:Consequences of retrospective measurement of alcohol consumption. 91 94

This experiment was designed to assess the relative importance of dimensional similarity between test and interpolated problems and absolute difficulty of interpolated material as variables influencing short-term retention in the discrimination learning of retarded persons. Twenty moderate-to-borderline retarded individuals were taught a mixed series of two-trial discriminations consisting of: (a) relatively easy multidimensional ("junk") problems and (b) more difficult, form-relevant dotpattern discriminations. Test problems and interpolations were either dimensionally similar (both junk or both dot-pattern problems) or dissimilar (train one type of problem, interpolate the other). The major finding was that short-term forgetting occurred only when test and interpolated stimuli were dimensionally similar. Absolute difficulty of interpolations had no effect on retention. These results were interpreted as supporting Fisher and Zeaman's (1973) assumption of dimensional independence of memory processes in retarded persons. A secondary finding was that performance on dot-pattern discriminations varied with intelligence.
Am J Ment Defic 1976 Sep
PMID:Evidence for dimensional independence in short-term memory of retarded individuals. 98 34

In the course of a series into the effects of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy on memory functions,double-blind cross-over intraindividual comparison were performed after the second and third treatment in patients suffering from depressive syndrome. The main aim of the project, which is still in course, was to explore the possibility of a further reduction of the side-effects of this antidepressant method. Three separate comparisons were performed between unilateral nondominant temporo-parietal ECT and (a) unilateral dominant temporo-parietal ECT, (b) unilateral non-dominant fronto-parietal ECT, (c) unilateral non-dominant fronto-fronto ECT (Figure 1). The treatments were given under total anaesthesia and with subtotal muscle relaxation. Four memory tests were administered three hours after the second and the third ECT, the treatment methods being allocated at random. The 30 Word-Pair Test is mixed audio-visual recall verbal test. The 30 Figure Test is mainly visual recognition test with items which can be easily verbally patterned. Further, two visual recognition tests, the 30 Face Test and the 30 Geometrical Figure Test, composed of not easily verbalized items were administered. For each test, three memory scores were obtained, immediate memory score (IMS, immediately after the presentation of the items, three hours after ECT), delayed memory score (DMS, three hours after IMS) and their differenc, forgetting score (FS). IMS is considered to be a function of the hypothetical memory variable, learning, and FS a function of the variable retention. DMS is related to both learning and retention. When non-dominant and dominant temporo-parietal ECT are compared, there are, after non-dominant ECT, significantly lower IMS and DMS in the 30 Face Test but only lower IMS in the 30 Geometrical Figure Test. The difference in DMS for the 30 Word-Pair Test is in the opposite direction (Figure 2). In the comparison between non-dominant temporo-parietal vs non-dominant fronto-frontal ECT, a slightly, non-significant, lower IMS in the 30 Face Test is apparent (Figure 4). Other important trends are not found in any of the studies (Figures 2-4). The results show that differential effects are obtained with different memory material when dominant and non-dominant electrode positions are used in unilateral ECT. The results are discussed in relation to the question whether high level perceptive function or memory is involved in the encoding-storage of complex non-verbal material in the non-dominant hemisphere.
Cortex 1976 Sep
PMID:Memory changes after unilateral electroconvulsive therapy with different electrode positions. 100 Sep 96

Legalization of abortion in Italy is being discussed at national level without practically taking into consideration the opinion of qualified physicians, and forgetting that abortion is not only a moral and philosophical problem, but a medical one. Whatever the outcome of the ongoing discussions it is certain that no physician will be obliged to perform abortion if his/her religious, ethical, and personal beliefs are against it, i.e. when there is a so called objection of conscience. Even in countries which have legalized abortion years ago the law cannot force a physician to perform abortion, unless the life of the mother is in immediate danger. In Italy legalization of abortion will cause enormous practical problems in the already malfunctioning and overcrowded hospital structure.
Minerva Ginecol 1976 Sep
PMID:[Role of the obstetrician in performing an abortion. Objections of conscience]. 101 5

The authors analyze 107 cases of recurrent ulcer after vagotomy. This study suggests that the most common cause is incomplete vagotomy and, more rarely, defective gastric drainage. The therapeutic deductions depend on the etiology. The most logical attitude is verification of the initial vagotomy associated with antrectomy without forgetting the successes obtained by simple thoracic vagotomy when wide gastric resection has already been carried out.
J Chir (Paris) 1975 Sep
PMID:[Recurring ulcers following vagotomy. Apropos of 107 cases]. 121 33

This article compares five indices of alcohol consumption in a general population survey conducted in 1985 in the Netherlands. Self-reports of consumption were obtained with a prospective diary, a retrospective 7-day recall method, and three summary measures, such as a quantity-frequency index. The coverage of sales data appeared highest for the diary (67%), which suggests a higher validity. Special attention was given to comparisons of quantity and frequency of drinking between the diary, on the one hand, and the weekly recall and summary measures, on the other. It was found that underreporting, relative to the diary reports, was generally higher in the frequency than in the quantity domain. This result, together with the finding from longitudinal studies that intraindividual variation is also higher for drinking frequency, leads to the conclusion that forgetting is a potent source of undercoverage in surveys and to the hypothesis that large differences in overall drinking pattern between populations (e.g., in regularity of drinking) may account for the large differences in coverage rates of sales data. Furthermore, the subjectively assessed probability of drinking by means of a "usual" frequency question appeared a poor predictor of (diary) drinking frequency for respondents reporting a low or moderate frequency. For subjects claiming a high "usual" drinking frequency, a reasonable correspondence between diary and summary measures was found. This mitigates the fear often expressed that heavy drinkers particularly underreport their consumption.
J Stud Alcohol 1992 Sep
PMID:Measuring quantity and frequency of drinking in a general population survey: a comparison of five indices. 140 41

Although the flattening of generalization gradients over time has been widely investigated using exteroceptive stimuli, little attention has been given to generalization involving interoceptive stimuli. To investigate generalization between internal states, Sprague-Dawley rats were given either 0.835 ml/kg chloropent or 15 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. Both drugs produced asymmetrical state-dependent retention of a passive avoidance response, that is, good retention in the "same state" conditions (i.e., the drug-drug and no drug-no drug conditions) as well as in the no drug-drug conditions but poor retention in the drug-no drug conditions, at both 1- and 7-day retention intervals. Furthermore, subjects trained in one drug state (pentobarbital or chloropent) demonstrated disrupted performance when tested 1 day later in another drug state, but good performance when tested 7 days later in the other drug state, indicating a decrement in the discriminability of the two drug states after 7 days. This outcome demonstrates that generalization gradients between drug states flatten over time. Moreover, these results suggest that memory for attributes of internal stimuli undergoes changes similar to those found for exteroceptive stimuli. Implications for contextual cues models of forgetting are considered.
Behav Neural Biol 1991 Sep
PMID:Increased generalization between drug-related interoceptive stimuli with delayed testing. 175 42


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