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Query: UMLS:C0598853 (forgetting)
 3,232 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study examined decay and interference mechanisms in short-term verbal retention in brain damaged patients with and without clinical memory impairment. Petersons' distractor technique was modified for this purpose. Results indicated that decay and impaired consolidation of memory traces was greater in organic amnesics, accounting for a greater degree of forgetting than proactive interference. Absence of an interference function is discussed in terms of the modified technique utilizing repeated trials to recall and more rigorously eliminating covert rehearsal, in addition to employing a more representative sample of organic amnesics than in provious studies.
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PMID:Decay and interference processes in short-term retention of normal and brain-damaged patients. 76 34

The influence of age and number of treatments on memory impairment was studied in depressed patients after a series of convulsive treatments: bilateral ECT, unilateral ECT on the nondominant hemisphere, and fluorothyl convulsive therapy. Before and after the completed convulsive therapy course the patients were tested with a memory test battery and the symptoms rated with a depression scale. Before treatment older age-groups had decreased ability to learn, but their post-treatment forgetting score was not significantly higher than in other age-groups. An increase in the number of ECTs did not seem to correlate with the degree of memory impairment. The conclusion of the present study is that age (up to 65) and the number of ECTs (up to 10) have no apparent influence on memory impairment after electroconvulsive therapy.
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PMID:Memory impairment after convulsive therapy. Influence of age and number of treatments. 88 90

We examined the relationship between memory impairment and functional disability in multiple sclerosis. Tests of memory, sensorimotor ability, and functional capacity were administered to fifty-six subjects with chronic-progressive or remitting-relapsing MS. Sensorimotor impairment, functional disability, and chronicity predicted impairment on various measures of memory acquisition, while age and type of diagnosis did not. After accounting for the effects of initial acquisition, delayed-recall performance was weakly-associated with disability. We suggest that: (1) Functional disability is associated with memory loss in MS; (2) MS-forgetting is caused by defective acquisition, rather by a deficit in consolidation or storage; (3) Level of disease activity, rather than type of MS diagnosis, determines the degree of memory impairment; and (4) MS disability needs to be evaluated multidimensionally, to account for both neurologic and functional impairment.
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PMID:The relationship between disability and memory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. 134 11

Amnesia can result from damage to either the midline diencephalon or the medial temporal lobe. An important related question has been whether these two forms of amnesia result in similar or different kinds of memory impairment. Earlier studies raised the possibility that differences might exist in the rate of forgetting within long-term memory, specifically, that the forgetting rate is normal in diencephalic amnesia but abnormally rapid in medial temporal lobe amnesia. In the present study, forgetting was studied in five amnesic patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe, six amnesic patients with damage to the diencephalon, and 10 normal subjects. One hundred twenty pictures were presented to the control subjects for 1 sec each and to the amnesic patients for 8 sec each. Retention was then tested after 10 min, 2 hr, and 30-32 hr using four different procedures for testing recognition memory. The different exposure times for the pictures succeeded in matching the performance scores of both groups of amnesic patients and the control subjects at the 10 min retention interval. Both groups of amnesic patients also performed similarly to control subjects at retention delays of 2 hr and 30-32 hr. In addition, performance was nearly identical, regardless whether recognition memory was assessed by asking subjects to select the new items or the old items. The findings emphasize the similarities between medial temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia.
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PMID:Equivalent forgetting rates in long-term memory for diencephalic and medial temporal lobe amnesia. 140 83

11 patients with frontal lobe lesions (F group), 9 patients with temporal lobe lesions (T group) and 18 normal control subjects (C group) were tested on two versions of the delayed non matching-to-sample task using either different pairs (DNMTS) or the same pairs of objects (RECURRENT) on successive test trials. The results revealed that the DNMTS task was sensitive to memory impairment but did not differentiate the two experimental groups. In contrast, the recurrent version of the task showed a dissociation between the two pathologies. Thus, whereas patients of group T exhibited an accelerated rate of forgetting as a function of the retention interval, patients of group F were impaired whatever the retention interval.
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PMID:[Demonstration of dissociation between frontal and temporal lesions in man on two versions of delayed non-matching recognition tests used in monkeys]. 152 Nov 71

This study investigated the intercorrelation of 8 'frontal' tests in 32 patients with Korsakoff's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease, and examined the relationship of frontal dysfunction to impaired release from proactive interference and impoverished retrieval from retrograde memory. Amongst the frontal tests, there were statistically significant intercorrelations between 3 'fluency' tests and 3 'card-sorting' tests, although the degree of shared variance was relatively low. The relationship of another test--picture arrangement errors--was more equivocal; performance for 'cognitive estimates' was unrelated to performance in the other frontal tests, possibly because it may reflect pathology at a different frontal site. There was no evidence in this study that variability in release from proactive interference was related to measures of frontal function in either patient group, and the conditions under which these patient groups fail to show 'normal' release appear to be tightly constrained. On the other hand, the defective retrieval of retrograde memories was correlated with frontal dysfunction in both patient groups. There was a suggestion of a double dissociation with a measure of nonverbal short-term forgetting, impairment at which was related to the degree of general cortical atrophy rather than frontal dysfunction. A stepwise regression equation based on 3 frontal tests could account for 64% of the variability in retrograde memory performance within the total patient group, 68.5% in the Korsakoff group and 57% in the Alzheimer group. By comparison, the severity of anterograde memory impairment predicted only 21% of the variance in retrograde memory performance. It is concluded that frontal dysfunction produces a disorganization of retrieval processes which contributes to the temporally-extensive retrograde amnesia of these two disorders.
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PMID:Frontal dysfunction and memory deficits in the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome and Alzheimer-type dementia. 199 78

Several recent studies have shown that exposure to verbal misleading post-event information does not impair subjects' ability to retrieve originally seen details. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that subjects would be more susceptible to memory impairment if the original and misleading information were presented in similar contextual formats. The results showed that misleading information did not lead to memory impairment when both original and misleading information were presented in the context of slides (Experiment 1) or when both original and misleading information were presented in the context of narratives (Experiment 2). Furthermore, resistance to memory impairment was observed both at relatively low levels of memory for the original information (Experiment 1) and at relatively high levels of memory for the original information (Experiment 2). The implications of the present results for interference principles of forgetting are discussed.
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PMID:Similarity of encoding context does not influence resistance to memory impairment following misinformation. 272 52

Thirty-seven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared to 26 normal controls of equivalent age, education, and verbal intelligence on measures of verbal learning and memory (Digit Span and Supraspan, Brown-Peterson Distractor Task, Selective Reminding Test, Story Recall, and Free Verbal Recall) and verbal fluency (Letter and Animal Fluency). The MS patients exhibited deficits on measures of secondary (long-term) memory and verbal fluency, but performed normally on measures of primary (short-term) memory, recognition memory, and rate of forgetting from secondary memory. These results suggest that the memory disturbance in MS results primarily from an imparied ability to access information from secondary memory, while encoding and storage capacity is intact. Degree of memory impairment was unrelated to length of illness, severity of disability, or self-reported depression.
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PMID:On the nature of memory disturbance in multiple sclerosis. 280 59

This study reports the case of a 42-year-old man who suffered a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. His memory capabilities were assessed after a considerable recovery period during which many of his memory deficits ameliorated. His scan revealed a left frontal lesion and many of his deficits were characteristic of frontal impairment. He was impaired on temporal discrimination, and he showed marked source forgetting. He also performed badly on the Brown-Peterson task, and we suggest that this is another task that may be characteristic of frontal impairment. In contrast, the patient showed normal or near normal performance on some memory tasks but not on others. It is concluded that the patient's frontal signs are similar to those found in Korsakoff's Syndrome, but that his memory impairment is qualitatively different from that encountered in patients with the amnesic syndrome.
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PMID:Memory impairment following ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. 337 1

Age differences in the rates of acquisition and forgetting of a spatial memory problem were compared with corresponding differences in the rates of increase and decay of long-term synaptic enhancement (LTE) of hippocampal synapses, induced by high-frequency stimulation of perforant path fibers. Old animals approached their final asymptotic performance levels more slowly than did the young animals and exhibited faster rates of forgetting of the problem. Similarly, LTE reached its maximum more slowly in the old animals and decayed more quickly. Although the absolute rates of behavioral acquisition and forgetting were different from the corresponding rates of increase and decay of LTE, the relative differences between age groups were rather similar. This was particularly true for the comparison of forgetting with LTE decay. The relation of these data to the hypothesis that LTE underlies spatial learning and memory is discussed.
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PMID:An age comparison of the rates of acquisition and forgetting of spatial information in relation to long-term enhancement of hippocampal synapses. 384 38


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