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 3,232 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A randomized, controlled, malaria-clinic-based field trial was conducted to compare compliance with a 7-day quinine + tetracycline regimen and a 5-day 700-mg artesunate regimen for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in a community in Thailand. Of 137 patients, aged 15-60 years attending a malaria clinic, 77 received artesunate and 60 received quinine + tetracycline. Compliance and cure rates were evaluated on days 5 (artesunate) and 7 (quinine + tetracycline) using patient interview/residual pill counts and peripheral blood smear, respectively. Data were analysed using the intention-to-treat approach, and the reasons for compliance and noncompliance were investigated. Compliance was significantly higher (98.4%) with artesunate than with quinine + tetracycline (71.7%) (relative risk adjusted for sex (aRR) = 1.39 (95% C.I. = 1.15-1.68); referent: quinine + tetracycline). Cure rate (100%) was higher in those receiving artesunate than quinine + tetracycline (77.4%) (aRR = 1.32 (95% C.I. = 1.12-1.55)). Reasons for compliance included the desire to be cured and to follow the advice of malaria staff/employer, and the simple dosing regimen. Noncompliance was mostly due to adverse reactions and forgetting to take the drugs. These results can serve as a baseline for designing and evaluating new interventions to improve compliance, as well as for studying cost-effectiveness to help drug policy decision-making. We recommend a strategy which integrates a short-course, once-a-day regimen (with minimal adverse reactions), a better delivery system for antimalarial drugs and health education, and an enhanced advisory role of malaria staff. Considering the higher compliance rate and curative effectiveness of artesunate, we recommend its use instead of quinine + tetracycline for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in clinics in Thailand.
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PMID:Compliance with artesunate and quinine + tetracycline treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Thailand. 976 24

A total of 249 persons living in the northwest part of Ecuador with a clinical diagnosis of malaria confirmed by thick blood films were treated with chloroquine and primaquine according to the therapeutical system in force in the National Service for Eradication of Malaria. New clinical assessment and thick blood film were applied after 4 days in P. falciparum (n = 120) cases and after 8 days in P. vivax (n = 129) cases; patients were questioned about the compliance or non-compliance with the treatment, and the reasons for their acting in either way were studied. EPI-INFO 6.04 and SPSS PC 7.0 packages served to process the information: "kind adjustment test" (bondad de ajuste) abd factorial analysis of correspondences were used. The patient who daily took his/her pills for the number of days indicated, at the established intervals and at the right time was defined as a patient complying with the drug therapy. For every 3 patients complying with treatment, there were 2 who did not; non-compliance was not significantly related to age, sex, educational level, ethnic group, urban or rural setting or level of income, but learning about seriousness of the infection did help to compliance with the therapy. The reasons for non-compliance were mainly associated with drugs (side effects/reluctancy to take drugs), with the fact of forgetting to take them and of "getting cured quickly". The profile of the patient who did not comply with treatment corresponded to male, teenager, mixed race, poor and rural setting.
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PMID:[The factors associated with noncompliance with antimalarial treatment in Ecuadorian patients]. 1110 99

"Tempora mutantur et nos in illis" King Lothar I remarked by year 900 AD. What exactly changed in us over time, i.e. how patterns of the epidemiological transition in populations locally and globally might appear, was described by Omran in 1971 [1]. The effect of transition on health and diseases in populations was demonstrated by Frenkl et al in 1991 [2]. And which major public health problems following each other, and why, was underscored by LaPorte in 1995 [3]. In 2000, leaders of the world society decided to identify a range of common goals, the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), to be reached by year 2015. Many of the MDG are directly or indirectly related with the major health problems, particularly those hitting the poorest: lack of clean drinking water, unhealthy environment, high maternal mortality due to lack of care for the pregnant, and lack of control of major communicable, often fatal diseases like child diseases, malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. It is remarkable that the specific chronic diseases of major public health relevance are in fact not mentioned in the MDG, even if these diseases increasingly are hitting populations in low- and middle-income societies, i.e. developing countries. The world community seems to prioritize the diseases that are most visible, and most often linked with poverty, namely the infectious diseases mentioned above, which together kill about 17 million people annually, often in combination with malnutrition, and the 0.6 million deaths related to birth and pregnancy. With the exception of HIV/AIDS, which also hit richer societies, these diseases of poverty have been under-prioritized regarding research as well. However, at the turn of the Millennium, the burden of "Western" non-communicable diseases was increasing fast in developing countries. And by 2025, the burden of non-communicable diseases is expected to have doubled globally, with half of the burden on developing countries. Therefore it may be rewarding to look backwards upon the three stages of Omran's original thesis on epidemiological transition, to understand life and death forwards, in a world in fast transition, cf. the Danish philosopher Soeren Kirkegaard: "it is true what philosophy tells us, that life must be understood backwards, while not forgetting the second sentence, that it must be lived forwards".
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PMID:Global transition in health. 1699 94

A study to measure adherence to artesunate and amodiaquine (AS+AQ) therapy in patients treated for uncomplicated malaria in community health centres (CHC) was conducted in Sierra Leone. Patients/caretakers were interviewed and remaining AS+AQ tablets at home after the last treatment dose were counted. Persons leaving CHCs with an AS+AQ prescription were also interviewed (exit interviews). In total, 118 patients were visited at home: 27 (22.9%) had one or more tablets left and were classed as certainly non-adherent; 34 (28.8%) were probably non-adherent [reported incorrect (n=27) or incomplete (n=7) intake]; and 57 (48.3%) were probably adherent. The main reasons for incomplete intake were sickness after one dose of AS+AQ, no food available for drug intake and forgetting to take them. For incorrect intake, reasons were vomiting after drug intake and incorrect instructions given by the CHC. Eighty-one percent of probably adherent patients reported following instructions given to them. In exit interviews, 82% of patients or caretakers of patients were able to repeat AS+AQ intake instructions correctly. Adherence to antimalarial treatment should not be taken for granted. Instructions on correct AS+AQ use should include discussion of disease symptoms as well as possible treatment side effects and how to manage them. Other factors are more difficult to influence, such as patients forgetting to take the treatment.
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PMID:Successful introduction of artesunate combination therapy is not enough to fight malaria: results from an adherence study in Sierra Leone. 2012 36

The global agenda for malaria has, once again, embraced the possibility of eradication. As history has shown, there will be no single magic bullet that can be applied to every epidemiological setting. Africa has a diverse malaria ecology, lending itself to some of the highest disease burden areas of the world and a wide range of clinical epidemiological patterns making control with our current tools challenging. This commentary highlights why the epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa should not be forgotten when planning an eradication strategy, and why forgetting Africa will, once again, be the single largest threat to any hope for global eradication.
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PMID:Global malaria eradication and the importance of Plasmodium falciparum epidemiology in Africa. 2564 95

The increase in international travel, the growing presence of arbovirus vectors in our country, and notifications of haemorrhagic fever such as the current outbreak of Ebola in D.R. Congo and the cases of Crimea-Congo haemorrhagic fever in our country have again cast the spotlight on tropical diseases Isolating suspected cases of highly contagious and lethal diseases must be a priority (Haemorrhagic fever, MERS-CoV). Assessing the patient, taking a careful medical history based on epidemiological aspects of the area of origin, activities they have carried out, their length of stay in the area and the onset of symptoms, will eventually help us, if not to make a definitive diagnosis, at least to exclude diseases that pose a threat to these patients. Malaria should be ruled out because of its frequency, without forgetting other common causes of fever familiar to emergency doctors.
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PMID:Fever in travellers returning from the tropics. 3115 84