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Query: UMLS:C0598766 (leukemogenesis)
 4,065 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies of Rauscher virus-induced erythroleukemia have demonstrated immunodepressive effects in the host and enhanced leukemogenesis with adjuvant administration. These observations led to the study of leukemic development in the NZB strain as a natural model of the experimentally adjuvant-stimulated animal. The results of such investigation would attribute the increased susceptibility of NZB mice to the possession of an enlarged population of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells in active cell cycle. Studies with radiation chimeras have further shown that elevated endogenous spleen colony formation, the increased potential for autoimmunity, and for susceptibility to Rauscher viral leukemogenesis are all linked through the NZB hemopoietic system. It is concluded that the presence of an enlarged compartment of cyclically active stem cells may be an etiologic factor in the susceptibility to both virus-induced leukemia and the development of autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Tumor virus effects on immunocyte precursor cells. Hemopoietic stem cell behavior and leukemogenic susceptibility. 108 86

Friend leukemia virus (FLV) leukemogenesis was prevented by treatment of the virus with Concanavalin A (Con A). Mice infected with the lectin-treated virus, however, showed evidence of a dormant infection since infectious virus could be recovered for as long as 100 days. Humoral immune responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a thymus-independent antigen, were depressed (approximately 80-90%) in mice given the Con A-treated FLV. Cell transfer studies indicated that the impaired responsiveness to SRBC was related to a defect in B-lymphocyte function, similar to the impairment in mice infected with untreated FLV. The mitogenic response of splenocytes from Con A-FLV mice to E. coli LPS was also depressed as was the ability of Ig-bearing spleen cells to redistribute these immunoglobulin receptors into polar caps. The impaired immune responsiveness in the Con A-FLV infected mice appeared associated with the persistent virus infection and not to neoplastic transformation generally associated with leukemogenic process.
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PMID:Discussion paper: impairment of B-lymphocyte functions in concanavalin A-treated friend virus infected mice. 108 87

Chromosomal findings are reported in three patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and in one with reticulosarcoma leukemia who had been treated for multiple myeloma with melphalan and X-ray. All four patients had striking chromosomal anomalies. An iatrogenic causation of aneuploidy is suggested. This is supported by chromosomal findings in patients with acute leukemia following polycythemia vera and Hodgkin's disease; practically all of the leukemias have been aneuploid. A comparison is made of such "secondary" acute leukemias with "primary" acute leukemias that are aneuploid in only 40% of the cases. Chromosomal changes are not considered to be the initial event in leukemogenesis.
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PMID:Chromosome studies in acute leukemias developing in patients with multiple myeloma. 109 66

Radiation which induces leukemogenesis in the unirradiated mouse, inhibits leukemogenesis if given again to the previously irradiated, but not yet leukemic mouse. The objective of this experiment was to identiry nonmalignant late radiation in jury in the bone marrow, the modification of which by a second exposure may account for postponement of radiogenic leukemia. To this end, leukemogenically irradiated RFM/Up mice were reirradiated under conditions known to bring about postponement of the leukemias due to the first radiation exposure. Quantitative analysis of the femoral pone marrow of these mice shows that leukemia incidence is positively correlated with the number of immature myeloid cells, and negatively correlated with the percentage of the mature myeloid cells in the entire myeloid series. The implications of this for the understanding of preleukemic change are discussed.
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PMID:Experimental manipulation of preleukemic change in whole-body irradiated RFM/Up mice (38542). 112 85

Lipid composition of thymuses investigated during the development of thymic leukemogenesis induced by exposing C57BL/6J mice to gamma radiation led to the following conclusions. 1. Alkyldiacylglycerols, a class of lipids that are generally elevated in most neoplastic tissues, occurred only in small quantities (less than 1% of the total lipids) in the thymuses of both control and irradiated mice. However, we found a 3- to 8-fold increase in this fraction in thymic tumors of mice at 5 mo after irradiation when compared to controls of similar age. However, the small quantity of this lipid class in thymic leukemia and the fact that similar levels were found in some samples of involuted thymuses of mice 3 days after irradiation, suggests to us that the level of alkyldiacylglycerols is not sufficiently specific or sensitive for detecting early stages of thymic leukemogenesis. 2. Thymuses 3 days after irradiation and leukemic thymuses contain 2- to 3-fold greater quantities of cholesterol esters than control thymuses. No major differences were found in the distribution of acyl moieties in the cholesterol esters of the various thymus samples from the same aged mice except that in thymic tumors the quantity of 18:1 esters was increased by about 25% over that of the controls. The apparent lack of specificity of increased cholesterol esters for neoplasia indicates that its measurement would not provide a suitable indicator of early neoplastic transformation. 3. Acyl composition of the triacylglycerols of thymuses revealed an increase in the 18:1 and a decrease in the 18:2 acids at 3 days after irradiation when compared to the same aged controls. However, thymic tumors occurring at 5 mo after irradiation contained less 14:0, 16:0, and 16:1 acids and increased amounts of 18:1 and 18:2 acids esterified as triacylglycerols compared to controls. The fatty acid distribution in the phospholipid fraction of thymuses was not altered by the appearance of leukemia.
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PMID:Analysis of tumor-associated alkyldiacylglycerols and other lipids during radiation-induced thymic leukemogenesis. 114 68

Administration of N-butylnitrosourea (BNU) induces leukemia in thymectomized C57BL/6J and C3Hf/Bi mice with almost the same high frequency as in non-thymectomized mice. Thymectomized and BNU-treated (C3Hf/Bi times CBA/H-T6T6)F1 mice receiving neonatal thymus tissues from C3Hf donors developed leukemias with or without marked enlargement of the grafts. The origin of leukemic cells was analysed by T6 marker chromosome and thymus allo-antigen theta in this hybrid system. Cells from leukemia with enlarged thymus grafts possessed the sigma-antigen detected by cytotoxicity tests. Cells from leukemia without thymus involvement had no sigma antigen. The leukemic cells arising at the site of thymus grafts were derived from the graft itself (C3Hf) or from the host (C3Hf times CBA/H-T6T6)F1 cells, most probably bone marrow cells which are repopulating into the graft. When the mice were treated with BNU after the lymphoid elements in the grafted thymus had been replaced by host cells, leukemia mainly composed of host-origin cells developed. Leukemia in which neoplastic cells in the thymus grafts were of donor origin and those in other hematopoietic tissues were of host origin was found not infrequently. The present results mean that the target cells in BNU leukemogenesis are distributed within and outside the thymus and that some leukemias are of multifocal tissue origin.
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PMID:Origin of leukemic cells in mouse leukemia induced by N-butylnitrosourea. 115 1

A single injection of Myleran reduced the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell, i.e., colony forming unit(s) (CFU), and the erythropoietin-responsive cell (ERC) in polycythemic mice to around 0.5% that of the controls. Repeated injections of erythropoietin (EP) restored ERC populations, whereas the CFU remained at very low levels. This selective action of Myleran and EP in polycythemic mice seemed to be a good approach for the study of oncogenic action of Friend virus on target cells. When the CFU and ERC compartments were decreased, practically no response to the virus was obtained. When there was an appreciable ERC population present with decreased CFU, leukemogenesis still occurred (as judged by the increased spleen weight). This result was in proportion to the dose of EP, i.e., stimulation of the ERC or closely related cells.
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PMID:Target cell of the polycythemia-inducing Friend virus: studies with myleran. 115 25

Comparative considerations are made between human acute leukemia (AL) and mouse transplantable L-1210 leukemia. The main kinetic parameters, such as the growth fraction (GF), growth rate, and cell cycle times, of both human and mouse diseases, are compared. The striking differences in cell kinetics and in response to treatment may be viewed as depending on different leukemogenesis mechanisms. Therefore, some improvement in human AL chemotherapy is considered possible both by researching a more rational employment of cytostatic drugs, and studying other animal models quite similar to the human disease, such as AKR leukemia.
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PMID:L-1210 and human acute leukemia kinetics as related to therapy. 116 6

The purpose of this study was to evaluate erythrokinetics and in vitro red blood cell (RBC) glucose utilization, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate production, and adenosine triphosphate levels following incubation in AKR mice from early in life until the onset of AKR lymphoma. Normal BALB/c mice served as controls. While hemoglobin concentration and RBC survival remained constant and similar in both groups of mice, the half disappearance time of injected radioactive 59Fe was longer and the 48-hr reappearance of 59Fe was less in AKR mice, compared with those of BALB/c mice. In vitro RBC metabolic studies indicated increased glucose utilization and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate production and decreased adenosine triphosphate levels following incubation in AKR RBC, in contrast to those in BALB/c RBC. RBC metabolic studies were also done in a small group of low leukemic C3H mice, and were similar to BALB/c mice. These differences became most marked in RBC from mice aged 15 to 30 weeks. Overt lymphoma began to occur after age 40 weeks. Hence, these erythropoietic changes occurred prior to the onset of lymphoma. The data imply a direct effect of virus infection on RBC or their precursors. The results are similar to changes in RBC metabolism noted in Rauscher-infected BALB/c mice. The broader implication of these findings in reference to viral host interactions and human leukemogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:Red blood cell metabolism in AKR mice in the prelymphomatous phase. 124 99

Chromosome analyses were performed by a direct method on bone marrow cells of 147 patients with acute leukemia and preleukemia; in 53 chromosomally abnormal cell lines were found. Chromosome abnormalities due to structural alterations were observed in 48% of the aneuploid patients. Using the ASG banding technique, the exact identification of the abnormal chromosomes was successfully made in 22 aneuploid patients. Even though variability between patients existed in the chromosome changes; the nonrandom occurrence of some chromosome abnormalities was revealed, involving most frequently chromosomes No. 8 and No. 21. Abnormalities of chromosome No. 22 were not encountered, contrasting sharply with the frequent involvement of this chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The significance of the preferential involvement of No. 8 and No. 21 chromosomes is discussed in relation to leukemogenesis.
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PMID:Preferential involvement of chromosomes no. 8 and no. 21 in acute leukemia and preleukemia. 126 Jan 29


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