Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0596263 (carcinogenesis)
 64,820 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forkhead-box (FOX) genes are implicated in embryogenesis through transcriptional regulation depending on SHH-GLI pathway, TGF-beta pathway etc., and also in carcinogenesis through gene amplification, retroviral integration and chromosomal translocation. FOXN1, FOXN2 (HTLF), FOXN3 (CHES1) and FOXN4 constitute the FOXN family. Here, we identified and characterized the FOXN5 gene, a novel member of FOXN gene family, by using bioinformatics. IMAGE5167039 (BC028191.1) was the representative cDNA derived from human FOXN5 gene. Rat Foxn5 gene, consisting of six exons, was identified within rat genome sequence CH230-26K11 (AC107575.5). Complete coding sequence of rat Foxn5 cDNA was determined by assembling nucleotide sequences of rat Foxn5 exons. Human FOXN5 (292 aa) and rat Foxn5 (296 aa) showed 77.4% total-amino-acid identity. Codon 173-254 of FOXN5 was the Forkhead domain. FOXN5 gene, consisting of six exons, was linked to BCL9L gene at human chromosome 11q23.3. FOXN5 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG), just like ARHGAP20 (KIAA1391), BTG4, SNF1LK2 (SIK2), DIXDC1 (KIAA1735) genes at 11q23.1, TTC12 (TPARM) gene at 11q23.2, IGSF4, DSCAML1, LL5A (PHLDB1), BCL9L, RNF26, and MFRP genes at 11q23.3. This is the first report on the human FOXN5 and rat Foxn5 genes.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of human FOXN5 and rat Foxn5 genes in silico. 1506 58

Forkhead-box (FOX) transcription factors are implicated in carcinogenesis through gene amplification, retroviral integration, or chromosomal translocation. FOXN1, FOXN2 (HTLF), FOXN3 (CHES1), FOXN4 and FOXN5 (FOXR1) constitute the FOXN family. Here, we identified and characterized human FOXN6 (FOXR2) and rodent Foxn6 (Foxr2) orthologs by using bioinformatics. Human FOXN6 gene was identified within human genome sequence RP11-167P23 (AL159987.19), mouse Foxn6 gene within mouse genome sequence RP23-180D16 (AL672293.14), and rat Foxn6 gene within rat genome sequence CH230-264B14 (AC106980.5). FOXN6, RRAGB (RAGB), and KLF8 genes were clustered at human chromosome Xp11.21. Foxn6, Rragb, and Klf8 genes were also clustered at mouse chromosome XF3 as well as at rat chromosome Xq14. Human FOXN6 mRNA was expressed in breast cancer cell line and primary breast cancer. Mouse Foxn6 mRNA was expressed in E9.5 embryo. Human FOXN6 (286 aa) showed 57.7% total-amino-acid identity with human FOXN5, 53.8% total-amino-acid identity with mouse Foxn6 (277 aa), and 52.4% total-amino-acid identity with rat Foxn6 (277 aa). Codon 167-248 of human FOXN6 was the Forkhead domain. FN56 domain (codon 1-69 of FOXN6) was identified as a novel domain conserved among FOXN6 and FOXN5 orthologs. Mammalian FOXN6 orthologs were found consisting of FN56 and FOX domains. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that FOXN family proteins are classified into three subfamilies: i) FOXN6 and FOXN5 orthologs; ii) FOXN1 and FOXN4 orthologs; iii) FOXN2 and FOXN3 orthologs. This is the first report on human FOXN6, mouse Foxn6, and rat Foxn6 genes.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of human FOXN6, mouse Foxn6, and rat Foxn6 genes in silico. 1520 9

Human Forkhead-box (FOX) gene family consists of at least 43 members, including FOXA1, FOXA2, FOXA3, FOXB1, FOXC1, FOXC2, FOXD1, FOXD2, FOXD3, FOXD4, FOXD5 (FOXD4L1), FOXD6 (FOXD4L3), FOXE1, FOXE2, FOXE3, FOXF1, FOXF2, FOXG1 (FOXG1B), FOXH1, FOXI1, FOXJ1, FOXJ2, FOXJ3, FOXK1, FOXK2, FOXL1, FOXL2, FOXM1, FOXN1, FOXN2 (HTLF), FOXN3 (CHES1), FOXN4, FOXN5 (FOXR1), FOXN6 (FOXR2), FOXO1 (FOXO1A), FOXO2 (FOXO6), FOXO3 (FOXO3A), FOXO4 (MLLT7), FOXP1, FOXP2, FOXP3, FOXP4, and FOXQ1. FOXE3-FOXD2 (1p33), FOXQ1-FOXF2-FOXC1 (6p25.3), and FOXF1-FOXC2-FOXL1 (16q24.1) loci are FOX gene clusters within the human genome. Members of FOX subfamilies A-G, I-L and Q were grouped into class 1 FOX proteins, while members of FOX subfamilies H and M-P were grouped into class 2 FOX proteins. C-terminal basic region within the FOX domain was the common feature of class 1 FOX proteins. FOXH1 and FOXO1 mRNAs are expressed in human embryonic stem (ES) cells. FOXC1, FOXC2, FOXE1, FOXE3, FOXL2, FOXN1, FOXP2 and FOXP3 genes are mutated in human congenital disorders. FOXA1 gene is amplified and over-expressed in esophageal and lung cancer. FOXM1 gene is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer and basal cell carcinoma due to the transcriptional regulation by Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. FOXO1 gene is fused to PAX3 or PAX7 genes in rhabdomyosarcoma. FOXO3 and FOXO4 genes are fused to MLL gene in hematological malignancies. Deregulation of FOX family genes leads to congenital disorders, diabetes mellitus, or carcinogenesis. Expression profiles, genetic alterations and epigenetic changes of FOX family genes as well as binding proteins and target genes of FOX family transcription factors should be comprehensively investigated to develop novel therapeutics and preventives for human diseases.
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PMID:Human FOX gene family (Review). 1549 44

Forkhead-box (FOX) superfamily genes are implicated in carcinogenesis through gene amplification, retroviral integration and chromosomal translocation. FOX superfamily genes within the human genome are classified into 17 or 18 families, designated FOX# (# is alphabet A-Q or R). FOXN1, FOXN2 (HTLF), FOXN3 (CHES1), FOXN4, FOXN5 (FOXR1) and FOXN6 (FOXR2) genes constitute the FOXN gene family. Here, we characterized human FOXN4 gene by using bioinformatics. FOXN4 gene at human chromosome 12q24.12 was found to encode three isoforms. FOXN4 isoform 1 (representative transcript), encoding a 518-aa protein, consists of exons 1-10. FOXN4 isoform 2 (NM_ 213596.1), encoding a 337-aa protein, consists of exons 1, 2, 7v, 8-10. FOXN4 isoform 3, encoding a 314-aa protein, consists of exons 1-5, 7-10. Codon 205-518 of isoform 1 was conserved in isoforms 2 and 3. FOXN4 mRNA was expressed in testis, embryonic stem (ES) cells, uterus tumors, and leiomyosarcoma. FOXN4 was most homologous to FOXN1 among human FOXN family members. FOXN4 and FOXN1 showed 41.3% total-amino-acid identity. FOX domain (codon 192-305 of FOXN4) was well conserved among mammalian FOXN family members. FN14 domain (codon 367-456 of FOXN4) was identified as the novel domain conserved among FOXN4 and FOXN1 orthologs. FOXN4 and FOXN1 orthologs were found to share the common domain structure, consisting of FOX and FN14 domains. This is the first report on comprehensive characterization of the human FOXN4 gene as well as on identification of the FN14 domain.
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PMID:Characterization of human FOXN4 gene in silico. 1549 71