Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0596263 (carcinogenesis)
 64,820 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1980, two carotenoids, beta-carotene (BC) and canthaxanthine (CX) with and without pro-vitamin A activity, respectively, were orally administered to female Swiss albino mice and were found to substantially prevent skin carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP). This preventive effect was observed in darkness by means of photocarcinogenic enhancement (PCE) following UV (300 to 400 nm) irradiation. In 1984, the same experiment produced antitumorigenic activity when applied to breast carcinogenesis induced in mice by 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus UV-A light and, in 1985, when directed toward gastric carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). These data suggested a rationale for human intervention to prevent, by carotenoid supplementation, a second primary malignancy after the primary malignancy has been radically excised. In the 1980s, a pilot clinical study (15 cases) showed a longer than expected disease-free interval in all surviving patients. It was also subsequently found that, if treated daily with 20 mg of BC and intermittently with retinol 150 to 300,000 IU daily for seven days just prior to menses, women suffering from cyclical mastalgia were relieved from pain, without any toxic side effects. When BC was given in high daily doses (60 mg) to 60 drug addicts suffering from AIDS-related complex (ARC), they recovered from their objective and subjective symptoms (but not from lymphadenopathy) with improvement in their general health and increased performance status. At higher doses, BC (with or without hyperthermia) was effective even in patients in advanced stages of AIDS. A debate has arisen concerning a recent statement by the U.S. Government that "beta-carotene supplements do not protect Americans against cancer or heart disease, and may actually increase the risk of deadly lung tumors in smokers".
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PMID:Carotenoids in cancer, mastalgia, and AIDS: prevention and treatment--an overview. 921 91

Oxidative stress results from an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell's own antioxidant defenses that in part lead to numerous carcinogenesis. Several phytochemicals, derived from vegetables, fruits, herbs and spices, have demonstrated excellent chemopreventive properties against carcinogenesis by regulating the redox status of the cells during oxidative stress. I3C (indole-3-carbinol) and DIM (diindolylmethane) are the phytochemicals that are found in all types of cruciferous vegetables and demonstrated exceptional anti-cancer effects against hormone responsive cancers like breast, prostate and ovarian cancers. Novel analogs of I3C were designed to enhance the overall efficacy, particularly with respect to the therapeutic activity and oral bioavailability and that results in several patent applications on symptoms associated with endometriosis, vaginal neoplasia, cervical dysplasia and mastalgia. Likewise, DIM and its derivatives are patented for treatment and prevention of leiomyomas, HPV infection, respiratory syncytial virus, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis and anti-proliferative actions. On the other hand, phytochemicals in cardamom have not been explored in great details but limonene and cineole demonstrate promising effects against carcinogenesis. Thus studies with selected phytochemicals of cardamom and bioavailability research might lead to many patent applications. This review is focused on the patents generated on the effects of I3C, DIM and selected phytochemicals of cardamom on carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Chemopreventive properties of indole-3-carbinol, diindolylmethane and other constituents of cardamom against carcinogenesis. 2065 62