Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0596263 (carcinogenesis)
 64,820 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alstonine, serpentine and sempervirine, when used at appropriate concentrations cure a relatively important proportion of BALB/C mice inoculated with transplantable YC8 lymphoma ascites cells, as well as Swiss mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. The development of some solid tumors was only partially prevented. However, when one alkaloid was administered in association with either 5-FU, daunorubicin, 1-(2-chloroethyl) nitrosourea (CCNU) or cyclophosphamide (CP) to mice bearing either ascites carcinoma cells or solid tumors, a high rate of cure was obtained without toxicity. The role of the three alkaloids in the curing of mice and prevention of carcinogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:Three alkaloids as selective destroyers of cancer cells in mice. Synergy with classic anticancer drugs. 370 65

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of isophorone were conducted by administering 0, 250, or 500 mg/kg body weight per day by gavage in corn oil to groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex, 5 days/week, for 103 weeks. Dosed male rats developed proliferative lesions of the kidney including hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma of the renal tubule, and epithelial hyperplasia of the renal pelvis. Non-proliferative kidney lesions observed in dosed male rats included mineralization, and a more severe nephropathy in low dose animals than in controls or high dose animals. Carcinomas of the preputial gland occurred in high dose male rats. No isophorone-related lesions were observed in female rats. In male mice, isophorone exposure may have been associated with an increase in hepatocellular neoplasms and mesenchymal neoplasms of the integumentum in high dose animals, and with a marginally increased incidence of lymphoma in low dose male mice. In mice, no non-neoplastic lesions in males or females, or neoplastic lesions in females were considered associated with isophorone administration.
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PMID:Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of isophorone in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. 370 84

The effects of neonatal androgenization on endometrial carcinogenesis and natural killer (NK) cell activity which may facilitate the development of malignant tumors were studied. Abnormal uterine proliferation was not detected in any of 162 NR during a 800-day observation period. In contrast, 3 atypical hyperplasias, 3 adenocarcinomas and one squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus were detected in 61 ASR after 500 days of age. In ASR, obesity became prominent with aging and spleen weight also increased after 500 days of age. Concerning the target cell of NK cell activity assay, YAC-1 lymphoma cells are the best cell line of the three cell lines in a variety of experimental conditions. NK cell activity of both NR and ASR decreased with age. NK cell activities of ASR significantly decreased at both 250 and 500 days of age in comparison with those of NR. Such persistently reduced NK cell activity which implies that a decline in immune surveillance is one of the important factors in endometrial carcinogenesis of ASR after 500 days of age.
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PMID:[Effects of neonatal androgenization on endometrial carcinogenesis and natural killer (NK) activity]. 379 45

The deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate (dNTP) pool sizes have been determined before and after electron (e-) irradiation in sets of radiation sensitive and resistant cell lines. In the L5178Y mouse lymphoma radiosensitive line (LS), the dTTP pool fell 50% following irradiation, whilst the three other dNTP pools remained unaltered. On the other hand, for the radioresistant line (AII) all four dNTP pools increased by 2-to 3-fold. The dNTP pools of the Chinese hamster radiosensitive (V79) line and radioresistant (V79/79) lines were unaltered by the radiation, but a difference in pool size was present before irradiation, with the pools of the V79 cells being approximately twice those of the V79/79 cells. Two out of the three ataxia telangiectasia cell lines studied show reduced dNTP pools when compared with those of normal human fibroblasts and these pools were also unaltered by the radiation. In the L5178Y and Chinese hamster cells the levels of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dNTPs have been determined. In general the higher the level of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDR) the larger the cellular pools. The observed levels of RDR could, in part, explain the observed results. Increasing the dTTP pool by the addition of deoxythymidine and deoxycytidine to the cell culture with the V79/79 cells reduced their sensitivity to the radiation. These results indicate a relationship between a cell's sensitivity to e- irradiation and the sizes of the cellular dNTP pools. However, the exact nature of any such relationship is unknown.
Carcinogenesis 1987 Mar
PMID:The sizes of cellular deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate pools in relation to sensitivity to electron irradiation using sensitive and resistant cell lines. 381 36

The effects of cyclosporine (CsA) on the induction of thymic lymphoma in male Swiss Webster mice were investigated using the classic model of two-stage carcinogenesis with N-methyl N-nitrosourea (MNU) as an initiator and CsA as a promoter. The mice treated with a single dose of MNU followed by chronic feeding of 0.015% CsA developed an eight-fold higher incidence of thymic lymphomas than the mice treated with a single dose of MNU followed by a basal diet. No mice treated with CsA alone or mice kept on a basal diet developed tumors. The results suggest that CsA enhances the induction of thymic lymphomas by its promoting effect and that the disturbance of thymic microenvironment induced by CsA may be one of the underlying mechanisms of the promoting action by CsA.
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PMID:Enhancement of the induction of murine thymic lymphomas by cyclosporine. 395 3

A newborn mouse (BLU:Ha) lung adenoma bioassay demonstrated that 6-nitrochrysene was a highly potent tumorigen. It induced 100% incidence of lung tumors and a 150-fold increase in their number (20.84 tumors/mouse) at the lowest dose level tested (total dose: 38.5 micrograms/mouse). 70% of the 6-nitrochrysene treated mice had malignant lung tumors (adenocarcinomas). Lymphomas and nodular hyperplasia of the liver were also observed in treated, but not control, animals. The tumorigenicity of 6-nitrochrysene relative to other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their mononitro-derivatives has been discussed.
Carcinogenesis 1985 May
PMID:6-Nitrochrysene is a potent tumorigen in newborn mice. 400 66

The survival curves and the incidence of spontaneous diseases were studied in a population of SENCAR mice, a stock derived by a selected breeding protocol for enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis in the skin. SENCAR mice proved to be as long-lived as other mouse strains or stocks, including one of their parental lines, Charles River CD-1. The most frequently occurring neoplasias in SENCAR mice were lymphoma, myeloid leukemia and reticulum cell sarcoma. Other frequently occurring neoplastic diseases included lung adenomas and carcinoma and mammary gland carcinoma. However, the incidence of these tumors was not higher than the incidence in CD-1 mice or other mouse strains or stocks. A variety of non-neoplastic diseases, both inflammatory and degenerative, were also observed in old mice. The most common were liver, spleen and kidney amyloidosis, pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis. These data indicate that selective breeding for susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis has not produced a concomitant increase in the incidence of spontaneous neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease.
Carcinogenesis 1985 Nov
PMID:Survival curves and incidence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease in SENCAR mice. 405 83

A case of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) with cutaneous and splenic involvement is reported. Carcinoma of the left colon and basal cell epithelioma arose eleven years after KS. Genetic, viral, and immunologic factors which may promote initiation and development of Kaposi sarcoma are reviewed. The responsibility of immunodeficiency, whether resulting from therapy or from other causes, in carcinogenesis is discussed. Prolonged survival may be seen after KS. Another primary malignant disease (lymphoma or solid tumor) may arise. The authors suggest that the risk of immunologic disorders, occurring spontaneously or induced by therapy, should be considered specifically for each patient with KS.
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PMID:[Colic carcinoma and basal cell epithelioma eleven years after Kaposi sarcoma with splenic and cutaneous involvement (author's transl)]. 628 76

The detection and characterization of oncogenes via RNA tumor viruses (or retroviruses) and the recognition of their location at breakpoints of chromosomal translocations which are frequently found in certain human neoplasms has promoted present understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis. Oncogenes are cellular genes which can be transduced by RNA tumorviruses and induce malignant transformation under experimental conditions in vivo and in vitro. A role of retroviruses in human leukemogenesis is suggested by epidemiological observations and by the isolation of such viruses from several human T-cell leukemias and lymphomas (human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus or HTLV) as well as by biochemical association of retroviral markers with human leukemias. A role of HTLV has been suggested also in a human immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In view of the well known role of many factors in carcinogenesis the concept of carcinogenesis as a multistep process as well as the concept of cocarcinogenesis and the role of cofactors other than viruses, such as radiation and chemicals, aging, hormones, graft vs host reaction, environmental factors etc., will have to be carefully considered.
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PMID:RNA-tumorviruses, oncogenes, and their possible role in human carcinogenesis. 631

5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (m5dC) levels were measured in DNA from three types of cultured cells following treatment with u.v. radiation and two chemical carcinogens, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF). Control values for m5dC in Raji cells (a human lymphoblastoid cell line), S49 cells (a mouse thymic lymphoma cell line) and human diploid fibroblasts are 3.6%, 3.6% and 3.2%, respectively. None of the damaging agents produced a detectable change in methylation levels of newly replicated DNA, even at levels of damage that inhibited replication by 95%. In contrast, treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a known methyltransferase inhibitor, transiently reduced genomic methylation by 89% and 74% in Raji and S49 cells, respectively. Although other investigators have found a marked reduction in m5dC in DNA replicated after carcinogen treatment, our experiments indicate that extensive demethylation is not a necessary consequence of DNA damage.
Carcinogenesis 1984 Sep
PMID:Methylation of deoxycytidine in replicating cells treated with ultraviolet radiation and chemical carcinogens. 646 3


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