Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 25-year-old man had a penetrating injury to the left eye. Ocular examination revealed a full-thickness corneal laceration, total aniridia, anterior capsule rupture, and microscopic hyphema. Ten days after the immediate primary-repair surgery, aspiration of the lens secondary to traumatic cataract was performed. Four months later, a black diaphragm intraocular lens was implanted. Postoperatively, the best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Multifocal spectacles were prescribed to provide the near and far vision required for the patient's job. Normal intraocular pressure and acceptable photophobia were noted during the 18-month follow-up.
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PMID:Favorable outcome using a black diaphragm intraocular lens for traumatic aniridia with total iridectomy. 1470 14

Latanoprost is a prostaglandin F2alpha analog that reduces intraocular pressure by 20-40% in adults with open-angle glaucoma. The efficacy and safety of this drug in children has not been widely reported. In our study we evaluated the effect of latanoprost in 14 children aged 12-18 years (mean 15 years): 10 patients with glaucoma juvenile (I group); 2 patients with secondary glaucoma because of uveitis recidivans and 2 patients with aniridia and albinismus (II group). In the I group the average IOP decrement was 9 mmHg or 36.5% (range 29-44%). In the II group the average IOP decrement was 6.5 mmHg or 23.5% (range 11-33%). In one child with aniridia after one year of treatment IOL rose again to 26 mmHg and antiglaucomatous surgery was necessary. Ocular side effects in children of latanoprost are mild.
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PMID:[The effectiveness of latanoprost for the treatment of pediatric glaucoma]. 1551 May 14

The objective of this report is to demonstrate the effectiveness of an iris prosthesis to treat a refractory glaucoma induced by silicone oil in the anterior chamber. This case is about a patient who suffered a trauma caused by firearm shrapnel. A vitreous-retinal surgery was performed to remove intraocular foreign matter and to realign the retina that was detached. Due to the partial traumatic aniridia, silicone oil that was introduced in the vitreous chamber to keep the retina in place migrated to the anterior chamber, resulting in the decrease of endothelium cells and uncontrollable intraocular pressure. We performed transscleral fixation of the iris prosthesis to correct these problems. After a 45-month period of evolution, sight became stable at the 1 meter finger-count distance and intra-ocular pressure at 14 mmHg We may conclude that the triad that consists of lack of: iris diaphragm, aphakia and silicone oil that could not be removed because of inexorable occurrence of detachment of the retina should lead the surgeon to consider transscleral fixation of the iris prosthesis. This procedure might control intraocular pressure and/or preserve corneal transparency, preventing silicone oil from contact with the trabecular net and the corneal endothelium.
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PMID:[Iris prosthesis in traumatic aniridia as an attempt to control refractory glaucoma induced by silicone oil in the anterior chamber: case report]. 1605 75

A 45-year-old man with retinitis pigmentosa experienced total aniridia in the left eye due to direct blunt trauma 2 years after uneventful bilateral phacoemulsification via a 3.5 mm clear corneal incision. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) of the left eye revealed no missing or stretched zonular fibers extending from the ciliary body to the anterior capsule, a few iris root remnants, a normal ciliary body, an in-the-bag acrylic intraocular lens, and Descemet's membrane dehiscence at the corneal tunnel through which the iris extruded. The eye recovered 20/25 visual acuity after 1 week. Transient hyphema and a rise in intraocular pressure were recorded. This is the first report of traumatic aniridia 2 years after phacoemulsification with UBM evidence of undamaged zonular apparatus. A UBM examination may be clinically helpful, especially when blood prevents accurate slitlamp examination of the anterior segment.
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PMID:Ultrasound biomicroscopy in traumatic aniridia 2 years after phacoemulsification. 1701 Aug 79

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, estimated to affect 60 million people by 2010, and represents a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disease. The two major types of glaucoma include primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). A genetically heterogeneous group of developmental disorders known as anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) have been reported to be associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma. These include Peters' anomaly, Rieger's anomaly, aniridia, iris hypoplasia, and iridogoniodysgenesis. Genetic linkage analysis and mutation studies have identified CYP1B1 as a causative gene in PCG, as a modifier gene in POAG, and, on rare occasions, as causative gene in POAG as well as in several ASD disorders. CYP1B1-deficient mice exhibit abnormalities in their ocular drainage structure and trabecular meshwork that are similar to those reported in human PCG patients. Accordingly, it is speculated that diminished or absent metabolism of key endogenous CYP1B1 substrates adversely affects the development of the trabecular meshwork. CYP1B1 protein is involved in the metabolism of steroids, retinol and retinal, arachidonate, and melatonin. The conserved expression of CYP1B1 in both murine and human eyes, its higher expression in fetal than adult eyes, and its biochemical properties are consistent with this hypothesis. The exact role of CYP1B1 in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and other ASD disorders remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Role of CYP1B1 in glaucoma. 1791 28

We report our experience with Molteno implants in 27 eyes of 20 children with glaucoma. Associated ocular findings included Sturge Weber syndrome (one patient), aniridia and retinoschisis (one patient), aphakia (seven patients, eight eyes), rubella syndrome (two patients), Peters anomaly (one patient), and Treacher Collins syndrome (one patient). Fifteen eyes received a single-plate implant, and 12 eyes received a double-plate implant in two stages. The patients' ages ranged from 2 months to 13 years (mean 47 +/- 55 months). The average number of previous glaucoma procedures was four per eye (range two to 10). The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean 20 +/- 9 months). The mean intraocular pressure before surgery was 34 +/- 4 mm Hg. The mean postoperative intraocular pressure was 19 +/- 11 mm Hg at 1 month and 19 +/- 6 mm Hg at 1 year (p < 0.001 at both times). After surgery nine eyes (33.3%) required no medication for control of intraocular pressure. Additional surgery was required in 12 eyes (44.4%). We believe the Molteno implant is a useful approach for children with glaucoma who fail to respond to standard medical and surgical treatments.
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PMID:Molteno implants in children. 1807 48

The paper presents the results of Ahmed's drainage implanted in 19 patients with different forms of posttraumatic glaucoma: 14 and 5 eyes with contusion and wound glaucoma, respectively. According to its pathogenesis, glaucoma was recessive (8 eyes), uveal (7 eyes), phakotopic (2 eyes), keratoplasty-associated (1 eye), and congenital (1 eye). Neovascular uveal glaucoma was present in 3 cases. Three eyes with uveal glaucoma showed aniridia and aphakia. On admission, the patients had an average of 2.9 +/- 1.6 operations per patient. There was an average of 5.0 +/- 1.3 instillations of antihypertensive drugs at an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 32.6 +/- 5.2 mm Hg (C = 0.07 +/- 0.038). The technique of surgery and its results are described. Complications and methods of their correction are presented. As a result, IOP normalization was achieved in all patients: on last visit it was 13.7 +/- 4.8 mm Hg. The follow-up was 6-16 months; on the day of last visit, the number of antihypertensive agents averaged 1.4 +/- 0.73.
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PMID:[Ahmed's drainage in surgery of refractory posttraumatic glaucoma]. 1906 55

We report a case of aniridia associated with congenital aphakia and secondary glaucoma. A 35-year-old male presented with aniridia, congenital aphakia and secondary glaucoma in both eyes. After an unsuccessful medical management, he underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and anterior vitrectomy under local anesthesia in his left eye. Postoperatively, at the end of six months, intraocular pressure (IOP) in his left eye was controlled without medications. This case highlights the rare association of aniridia with congenital aphakia and secondary glaucoma.
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PMID:Aniridia associated with congenital aphakia and secondary glaucoma. 1957 4

Heterozygous mutations in PAX6 are causative for aniridia, a condition that is frequently associated with juvenile glaucoma. Defects in morphogenesis of the iridocorneal angle, such as lack of trabecular meshwork differentiation, absence of Schlemm's canal and blockage of the angle by iris tissue, have been described as likely causes for glaucoma, and comparable defects have been observed in heterozygous Pax6-deficient mice. Here, we employed Cre/loxP-mediated inactivation of a single Pax6 allele in either the lens/cornea or the distal optic cup to dissect in which tissues both alleles of Pax6 need to be expressed to control the development of the tissues in the iridocorneal angle. Somatic inactivation of one allele of Pax6 exclusively from epithelial cells of lens and cornea resulted in the disruption of trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal development as well as in an adhesion between iris periphery and cornea in juvenile eyes, which resulted in the complete closure of the iridocorneal angle in the adult eye. Structural changes in the iridocorneal angle presumably caused a continuous increase in intraocular pressure leading to degenerative changes in optic nerve axons and to glaucoma. In contrast, the inactivation of a single Pax6 allele in the distal optic cup did not cause obvious changes in iridocorneal angle formation. We conclude that the defects in iridocorneal angle formation are caused by non-autonomous mechanisms due to Pax6 haploinsufficiency in lens or corneal epithelial cells. Pax6 probably controls the expression of signaling molecules in lens cells that regulate the morphogenetic processes during iridocorneal angle formation.
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PMID:Reduced expression of Pax6 in lens and cornea of mutant mice leads to failure of chamber angle development and juvenile glaucoma. 2053 82

We report a case of bilateral traumatic expulsive aniridia after uneventful phacoemulsification through small clear corneal incisions. Phacoemulsification was performed 8 and 13 months prior to the trauma in the left and right eyes, respectively. In both eyes, the intraocular lens and capsular bag were undisturbed after trauma. After resolution of hyphema, transient elevated intraocular pressure, and anterior chamber inflammation, best corrected visual acuity returned to 20/25 in each eye 6 months later. Self-sealing clear corneal wounds likely serve as a decompression valve during blunt trauma, thus preventing devastating intraocular damage and globe rupture. The intraocular lens may absorb the external force, therefore preventing damage to the capsular bag and zonules as well as preventing prolapse of posterior structures. A review of previously reported cases of traumatic aniridia is also presented.
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PMID:Bilateral traumatic expulsive aniridia after phacoemulsification. 2283 30


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