Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mannitol administered intravenously in rhesus monkeys resulted in a temporary recovery of the visual evoked response (VER) after its decrease due to elevation of the intraocular pressure. Mannitol infusion caused an immediate, albeit transitory, increase in retinal oxygen tension. These changes were independent of the ocular hypotensive effect of mannitol, and we conclude that the drug is a far better agent for the treatment of acute glaucoma than heretofore believed.
 ...
PMID:The effect of mannitol infusion on retinal function and oxygen tension. 40 17

The corneal endothelial cells of 25 patients with unilateral acute glaucoma were photographed with a clinical specular microscope. Photography was performed as soon as (average 6-12 h) the IOP had been lowered with iv Acetazolamide and/or Mannitol and topical Pilocarpine therapy, and the corneas had become clear. Peripheral iridectomy was performed on the affected eye and prophylactically on the fellow eye in most of these patients. The follow-up endothelial photographs were taken 6-24 months postoperatively. High intraocular pressure lasting 3 days or more lowered the central endothelial cell density. But a rise in pressure lasting from only a few hours to 2 days did not affect the endothelial cell count. Operative glaucoma procedures caused a loss of central endothelial cells of approximately 4.8% in the series. There was a clear correlation between the duration of elevated pressure and the number of central corneal endothelial cells lost.
 ...
PMID:Corneal endothelial cell density after an attack of acute glaucoma. 54 96

100 ml of 20% Mannitol given between 30 and 60 minutes prior to surgery effectively lowers the intraocular pressure and increases the anterior chamber depth. Larger volumes give an almost identical drop in pressure and identical increase in depth of the anterior chamber although they act more rapidly and over a longer period. Rebound rise in intraocular pressure does not occur within the first two hours.
 ...
PMID:The use of mannitol in intraocular surgery. 640 47

Constant mild compression of the eye with a rubber ball for 30 minutes prior to cataract extraction seems to be an efficient alternative to preoperative ocular massage. The average preoperative intraocular pressure was 4.34 mm Hg compared to 8.36 with digital massage and 6.31 with digital massage and I.V. Mannitol. The incidence of vitreous loss was 0.88% compared to 5% with digital massage.
 ...
PMID:Constant mild compression of the eye as an alternative to ocular massage. 738 29

The effects of antioxidant drugs on retinal ischemia-reperfusion damage were studied by electroretinograms (ERGs) from reperfused Dutch rabbit eyes. After inducing retinal ischemia by increasing the intraocular pressure (IOP) up to 140 mmHg for 60 minutes, the reperfusion was started by lowering the IOP to the normal level. Mannitol, polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), or ascorbic acid was administered by drip-infusion to the rabbits immediately after (early group) or 1 hr after (delayed group) the start of reperfusion. Saline, as a control, was administered by the same method as the early group. The a- and b-waves were recorded before the ischemia and during the reperfusion. In the early group treated by each drug, the recovery rates of the b-wave amplitudes at 4 hrs after the start of reperfusion were significantly greater than those in the controls. In the delayed group, the ERG recovery rate in rabbits treated with PEG-SOD was significantly better than in the controls. These results indicated that all these drugs were effective in protecting from the retina from the ischemia-reperfusion damage, and that some antioxidant drugs might be effective even when they were administered after the start of reperfusion.
 ...
PMID:[An electrophysiological study on the effect of antioxidant drugs against retinal ischemia-reperfusion damage]. 778 13

A 62-year-old man was admitted to the ophthalmologic department for operation of retinal detachment. Mannitol and acetazolamide were prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure. Seven days after operation, gradual onset of drowsy consciousness occurred. The laboratory findings of hypertonic hyponatremia (109 mEq/l), hyperosmolality (341 mosm/kg), metabolic acidosis (pH: 7.17) and acute renal failure (serum creatinine: 8.2 mg/dl) dictated a diagnosis of mannitol-induced acute kidney injury. First, 3% saline was given, but consciousness kept deteriorated with worsened dyspnea and metabolic acidosis. Hemodialysis was then performed subsequently and his consciousness and renal function completely recovered. A special emphasis on the treatment of hypertonic hyponatremia was given.
 ...
PMID:Mannitol-induced acute renal failure. 2055 70

A wild young adult western screech owl (Megascops kennicottii) of unknown sex was presented for evaluation of an abnormal left eye (OS). Ophthalmic examination OS revealed raised intraocular pressure (37 mm Hg; reference interval 7-16 mm Hg), mydriasis, conjunctival and episcleral hyperemia, shallow anterior chamber due to anterior displacement of the lens and iris, rubeosis iridis, and engorgement of the pecten. The intraocular pressure in the right eye (OD) was 11 mm Hg. Multifocal pale, variably translucent, curvilinear to vermiform opacities were observed in the medial and ventral peripheral regions of the retina OD, consistent with focal retinitis. Mannitol (0.46 g/kg IV) was administered over 10 minutes. Forty minutes later, the intraocular pressure was 27 mm Hg OS and 13 mm Hg OD. Dorzolamide (one drop OS q12h), diclofenac (one drop OU q8-12h), and meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg PO q24h) were administered for 3 days. The intraocular pressure OS was within normal limits 1 day (11 mm Hg), 7 days (13 mm Hg), and 4 weeks (14 mm Hg) after this treatment. Complications arising during hospitalization and rehabilitation included superficial corneal ulceration of both eyes presumed secondary to trauma on being caught and superficial damage to a talon. The owl was released after a period of rehabilitation. Characteristic presenting signs as well as response to therapy suggest aqueous misdirection was the cause of ocular hypertension in this owl. To our knowledge, this is the first report of suspected aqueous misdirection and its medical management in a raptor.
 ...
PMID:Medical management of acute ocular hypertension in a western screech owl (Megascops kennicottii). 2488 Nov 52

For more than half a century, Urrets-Zavalia syndrome (fixed dilated pupil) has been described as a postoperative complication of ophthalmic surgery. Since first reported as a complication of penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus in patients receiving atropine, the characteristic features of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome have been expanded. In previous literature, a total of 110 cases resulted in a fixed and dilated pupil. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the immediate postoperative period, phakia, and air or gas in the anterior chamber appear to be the most important risk factors for Urrets-Zavalia syndrome following ophthalmic procedures. Mannitol, IOP control, the removal of air or gas in the anterior chamber, and iridectomy have all demonstrated utility in managing Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.
...
PMID:Update and review of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome. 2746 37