Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vistagan is a new beta-blocker produced by Allergan that is used for treatment of glaucoma. The results of a clinical trial with 18 patients with open-angle glaucoma, previously treated with Timoptol, are presented. Vistagan was as effective as Timoptol in reducing the intraocular pressure and was better tolerated by patients.
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PMID:[Levobunolol HCl--a beta-blocker produced by the firm Allergan]. 148 29

A multi-site, open-labeled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the ease of use and acceptance of a newly developed medication cap with a memory aid (C Cap Compliance Cap, Allergan, Inc.) and its effect on patient compliance and intraocular pressure. One-hundred-twenty-two patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension received their prescribed eye drops in bottles with the compliance cap. Overall, 83% of the patients found the compliance cap very easy to use. By the end of the study, significantly more patients (67%) claimed 100% compliance than prior to using the compliance cap (41%). An overall drop in intraocular pressure of 0.8 mm Hg was seen. However, in a subset of patients who reported an increase in compliance, mean intraocular pressure decreased from baseline by 1.7 mm Hg. The results of this study suggest that the compliance cap helps patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension remember to take their medication as prescribed.
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PMID:The effect of a glaucoma medication reminder cap on patient compliance and intraocular pressure. 191 69

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of brimonidine 0.2% (Alphagan, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) as mono-, combination, or replacement therapy for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The study method was an open-label, comparative clinical evaluation involving 2335 patients. During the 2-month trial, data were collected at baseline (visit 1), month 1 (visit 2), and month 2 (visit 3). Various parameters were evaluated, including glaucoma medications (visit 1), IOP (visit 1-visit 3), and adverse events. A subset cohort of 1254 patients was selected that met specific study criteria. Data from these 1254 patients were used to evaluate adverse events and the change in IOP from visit 1 to visit 3. Patient data were grouped according to specific drug regimen, and drug regimens were categorized into supergroups of mono-, combination, and replacement therapy. The results of the study revealed that the overall mean change in IOP for 1) monotherapy (n = 240) was -5.07 mm Hg (-20.2%), 2) combination therapy (n = 554) was -4.01 mm Hg (-16.9%), 3) replacement therapy (n = 460) was -2.33 mm Hg (-9.8%), and 4) overall (n = 1254) was -3.59 mm Hg (-14.9%) (p < 0.001 for all changes). Overall, 6.0% of the subjects reported adverse events, with no hypersensitivity or unexpected systemic or ocular adverse events. Eighty-five percent (85%) of clinicians rated brimonidine as "good" to "excellent". In conclusion, brimonidine is safe and effectively lowers IOP when used as mono-, combination, or replacement therapy as observed in a large community population.
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PMID:The effectiveness and safety of brimonidine as mono-, combination, or replacement therapy for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a post hoc analysis of an open-label community trial. Glaucoma Trial Study Group. 1067 26

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan, Pharmacia & Upjohn), brimonidine (Alphagan, Allergan), and dorzolamide (Trusopt, Merck Inc.) when added to a beta-blocker in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma. This was a multicenter, retrospective analysis which included all reviewed patient records in which latanoprost, brimonidine or dorzolamide were added to a beta-blocker for at least three months. Patients who were treated for less than three months, who failed therapy due to ineffectiveness of the medicine or an adverse event also were included. The study included 141 patients. Latanoprost (n = 50) showed an intraocular pressure of 16.7 +/- 3.3 mm Hg (-6.3 +/- 4.1 mm Hg, P < 0.001), brimonidine (n = 24) 17.4 +/- 4.9 mm Hg (-4.2 +/- 4.5 mm Hg, P < 0.001), and dorzolamide (n = 67) 20.1 +/- 6.1 mm Hg (-3.1 +/- 5.1 mm Hg, P < 0.001) at three months. A significant difference was observed in the absolute level of intraocular pressure (P < 0.005) and the change from baseline between groups (P < 0.005) at three months. A significant difference was observed between groups in the success rate of therapy between latanoprost (70%), brimonidine (58%) and dorzolamide (40%) (P = 0.008). No significant differences were observed between groups for rate or type of adverse events leading to discontinued therapy. This study showed that latanoprost, when added to beta-blockers, compares favorably in ocular hypotensive efficacy and is similar in safety to brimonidine and dorzolamide.
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PMID:Comparison of the efficacy and safety of latanoprost 0.005% compared to brimonidine 0.2% or dorzolamide 2% when added to a topical beta-adrenergic blocker in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. 1087 22

Since its introduction in 1996, use of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% ophthalmic solution (Alphagan, Allergan), a highly selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, has become increasingly popular for the initial and long-term management of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Recently, ongoing clinical comparison trials of up to three years in length have reported sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy with brimonidine 0.2% b.i.d., which was comparable with timolol 0.5% (Timoptic; Merck & Co.), accompanied by a favourable tolerability and safety profile. Also, many post-market studies have demonstrated the utility of brimonidine 0.2% b.i.d. as mono- and adjunctive therapy. Furthermore, major inroads have been made in the study of other possible pharmacotherapeutic benefits of brimonidine treatment, namely the potential for neuroprotection. This review will present a brief developmental history and examine key pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of brimonidine, including its receptor selectivity, IOP-lowering mechanism of action and potential neuroprotective activities. Moreover, the literature on brimonidine's efficacy and safety profiles in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma will be perused, and new four-year data from an ongoing double-masked clinical study comparing brimonidine tartrate 0.2% with timolol 0.5%, b.i.d. will be introduced. Brimonidine 0.2% b.i.d. provided sustained IOP-lowering efficacy comparable to timolol 0.5% b.i.d., with no significant differences at trough or peak during year four of continuous use. Visual fields were well preserved in both treatment groups with 93% of brimonidine patients and 91% of timolol patients showing no change or improvement. Brimonidine continued to appear safe and well-tolerated, with no clinically significant effects on mean heart rate or blood pressure, and no serious drug-related adverse events (AEs). Two out of 36 brimonidine patients developed ocular allergy; both were resolved without sequelae. Overall post-market surveillance found no reports of unexpected or serious drug-related AEs. These long-term results, in conjunction with those reported in the literature, suggest that brimonidine 0.2% b.i.d. is a highly appropriate first- and second-line therapy for long-term management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Potential neuroprotective effects of brimonidine therapy, which might provide additional vision sparing benefit, although supported by compelling animal studies, await clinical verification.
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PMID:The evolving pharmacotherapeutic profile of brimonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, after four years of continuous use. 1124 18

Using human and bovine corneal tissue, we investigated the in vitro metabolism of bimatoprost (17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin F(2alpha) ethyl amide, Lumigan (Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA). Enzymatic amidase activity, which converts bimatoprost to the corresponding prostaglandin carboxylic acid, was found to be present in corneal tissue from both species. Using HPLC and mass spectrometry for analyses, conversion of bimatoprost to 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor prostaglandin F(2alpha) continued for at least 24 hours after excision of the cornea, with a conversion rate of approximately 25 microg/24 hours. This hydrolysis product is identical to the free acid of latanoprost with the exception of a double, rather than a single, bond at the carbon 13-14 position. Assuming that this conversion also occurs in vivo at a similar rate, this hydrolysis product may account for the reduction of intraocular pressure occurring in patients treated with bimatoprost.
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PMID:The hydrolysis of bimatoprost in corneal tissue generates a potent prostanoid FP receptor agonist. 1220 99

Bimatoprost (Lumigan [Allergan, Inc, Irvine CA]) and travoprost (Travatan [Alcon, Ft Worth, TX]) are two new intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drugs for use in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. This review evaluates recent studies comparing these new drugs with timolol and with latanoprost. In each study, the statistical analyses support the conclusion that these agents were more effective than timolol and as effective as latanoprost in terms of their ability to reduce IOP. The side effect profiles for bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost were similar, but with statistically higher occurrences of hyperemia and eyelash growth for bimatoprost or travoprost versus latanoprost or timolol.
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PMID:Bimatoprost and travoprost: a review of recent studies of two new glaucoma drugs. 1220 6

The changes in intraocular pressure and pupil size in glaucomatous dogs were evaluated after instillations of 0.03% bimatoprost (Lumigan, Allergan, Irvine, CA USA) once in the morning, or once in the evening, or twice daily in five day multiple dose studies. Applanation tonometry (IOP) and pupil size (PS) measurements were obtained at 8 am, 10 am, 12 noon, 2 pm, and 4 pm in 8 glaucoma dogs. Methylcellulose (0.5% as placebo) was instilled in the control eye, and 0.03% bimatoprost was instilled in the opposite drug eye. Methylcellulose (0.5%) and 0.03% bimatoprost were instilled the second through the fifth days with instillations in the morning (8:30 am), or evening (8 pm), or twice daily (8:30 am and 8 pm). The mean +/- SEM diurnal changes in IOP from baseline values after 0.03% bimatoprost at 8 am once daily for the next four days were 25.0 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, 25.6 +/- 2.9 mm Hg, 25.5 +/- 3.0 mm Hg, and 26.0 +/- 3.2 mm Hg respectively, and were significantly different from the control eye. After bimatoprost was instilled at 8 pm, the mean +/- SEM changes in IOP from baseline values in the drug eyes were 27.3 +/- 2.4 mm Hg, 26.6 +/- 2.2 mm Hg, 27.2 +/- 2.5 mm Hg, and 27.3 +/- 2.6 mm Hg respectively. When 0.03% bimatoprost was instilled twice daily, the mean +/- SEM changes in IOP from baseline values were 39.1 +/- 2.3 mm Hg, 39.9 +/- 2.2 mm Hg, 39.9 +/- 2.3 mm Hg, and 39.6 +/- 2.1 mm Hg respectively, and were significantly different from the control eyes. Miosis of varying duration was frequent during the three studies. Bimatoprost instilled once daily (am or pm) as well as twice daily produces significant decreases in IOP and PS in the glaucomatous Beagle.
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PMID:Effect of different dose schedules of bimatoprost on intraocular pressure and pupil size in the glaucomatous Beagle. 1253 79

The phenyl-substituted analog of prostaglandin F 2alpha , latanoprost (Xalatan; Pfizer, Inc, New York, NY) is an intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drug for use in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Latanoprost has been shown to stimulate eyelash hypertrichosis and has recently been proposed as a possible treatment for alopecia areata involving the eyelashes. We report a case of hypertrichosis of the eyelashes caused by the prostamide bimatoprost (Lumigan; Allergan, Inc, Irvine, Calif), a new IOP-lowering drug.
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PMID:Hypertrichosis of the eyelashes caused by bimatoprost. 1557 56

Bimatoprost (Lumigan), Allergan) is a highly efficacious ocular hypotensive agent that provides good diurnal control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma and ocular hypertensive patients. Bimatoprost is a synthetic molecule that is structurally and pharmacologically similar to prostamide F(2), and appears to mimic the activity of the prostamides. Consistent with prostamide-mimetic activity, bimatoprost has potent inherent pharmacological activity in prostamide-sensitive preparations and essentially remains intact in the living primate eye. This is sufficient to explain its potent and efficacious ocular hypotensive activity, and suggests that bimatoprost is a pharmacologically unique compound.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of bimatoprost. 1692 57


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