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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandin E2 subconjunctivally injected into rabbit eyes in concentrations of 0.8 to 5 per cent, produced a dose-related rise of intraocular pressure (IOP) similar to the one observed after topical administration of PGE2 in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 per cent. Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, had an inhibitory effect when administered systemically or topically prior to arachidonic acid. Dose-response relationships were demonstrated by topical and oral administration of Indomethacin which, as expected, had no effect on PGE2. Dexamethasone did not exert any inhibitory effect on the increased IOP following arachidonic acid administration. Indomethacin applied topically readily penetrated into the aqueous humor in concentrations considerably above those appearing in the plasma, which justifies the use of this route of administration. Since prostaglandin (PG) appeared to be implicated in ocular inflammation, these findings underline the specificity of action of Indomethacin and suggest its use in the topical treatment of ocular inflammation.
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PMID:Arachidonic acid-induced elevation of intraocular pressure and anti-inflammatory agents. 118 10

Ocular changes (prostaglandin E, protein, pupil diameter, and intraocular pressure) induced by photodisruption of pigmented rabbit iris with neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser and the effect of topical indomethacin upon those changes were examined. Concentrations of prostaglandin E in laser-treated eyes (1,3,5,10, and 20 lesions) were substantially greater than those in normal eyes and were associated with an initial hypertensive response. This finding was particularly striking in the case of 20 lesions. In that case, concentrations of prostaglandin E increased 50-fold, from 99 pg/ml of control level to 5049 pg/ml 60 min after irradiation. Disruption of blood aqueous barrier measured by protein concentration, changes in intraocular pressure, and pupil diameter occurred at a similar dose range of laser application. Concentration of protein and changes in pupil diameter already were prominent at 15 min after laser treatment, and changes in intraocular pressure were prominent at 60 min. Indomethacin pretreatment abolished most of these responses, suggesting that acute reactions following photodisruption largely depended on prostaglandin synthesis in iris tissue.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E in rabbit aqueous humor after Nd-YAG laser photodisruption of iris and the effect of topical indomethacin pretreatment. 155 69

Topical use of Indomethacin was documented to prevent surgically induced miosis, and it reduced postoperative inflammatory response. We collected 26 consecutive cataract eyes. Seventeen eyes in the study group received topical 0.1% Indomethacin eyedrops from one day before surgery until two weeks after surgery, in addition to the routine medications. Nine eyes belonging to the control group received the routine medications only. The parameters of our study included the measurement of the pupil diameters in surgery, the central corneal thickness, the intraocular pressure, and the anterior chamber reaction before and after surgery. The results revealed that topical use of 0.1% Indomethacin eyedrops could prevent intraoperative miosis and reduce postoperative corneal edema and anterior chamber reaction, but it did not show much influence on intraocular pressure.
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PMID:The effect of 0.1% Indomethacin eyedrops on cataract surgery. 206 92

The intracameral injection of hydrogen peroxide induces a sequence of responses in the tissues bounding the anterior chamber. These changes include intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, iris hyperemia, increased leakiness of the iris vasculature, and edema of the ciliary processes as judged from microscopic examination. Some of these responses appear to include inflammatory effects that may be the result of the local release of eicosanoids. Several antagonists of the arachidonic acid cascade, indomethacin, aspirin, dexamethasone, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) were used to examine their influence on the sequelae of hydrogen peroxide injection. Indomethacin, and high dose (7.5 mg/kg) NDGA were most effective in reducing the number of parameters that were altered after intracameral hydrogen peroxide. Microscopic observations supported the physiological changes and the responses to antagonists. The data indicate that a portion of the ocular tissue responses to intracameral hydrogen peroxide in the rabbit eye may be the result of eicosanoid production in these tissues.
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PMID:Role of eicosanoids in the ocular response to intracameral hydrogen peroxide. 227 26

Topical adrenaline lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) in the rabbit largely due to an increase in facility of outflow of aqueous humour. This paper studies the inhibition by indomethacin or piroxicam of the adrenaline-induced rise in facility of outflow. Topical indomethacin is shown to reduce the acute IOP changes induced by adrenaline in conscious rabbits; both the early rise and the prolonged fall in pressure were inhibited. In anaesthetized rabbits, indomethacin pretreatment prevented the large rise in facility of outflow which normally follows topical adrenaline. Indomethacin did not block the mydriasis induced by adrenaline, nor did it significantly alter aqueous humour protein levels. Piroxicam, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor which, unlike indomethacin, does not block Ca2+ movements in some tissues, also blocked the adrenaline-induced rise in facility of outflow, suggesting that this increased facility depends on cyclo-oxygenase and not on Ca2+ movements. Verapamil, a drug which blocks Ca2+ channels, was shown to inhibit the brief ocular hypertensive effect of adrenaline in the conscious rabbit, but to leave the hypotensive phase unchanged. It is concluded that the hypotensive mechanism of adrenaline may depend on synthesis of a prostaglandin, since inhibition of the adrenaline-induced rise in facility is achieved by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase. Despite previous reports that a prostaglandin may be responsible for the brief hypertensive phase, the present evidence suggests that Ca2+ movements may be involved, perhaps in activation of the extraocular muscles.
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PMID:Inhibition by indomethacin of the increased facility of outflow induced by adrenaline. 231 77

The irritative response to Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was studied in unanaesthetized rabbits. Posterior lens capsulotomy with a total energy of 100 mJ had no effect on the pupil size but increased the intraocular pressure by 5-10 mmHg and caused a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Anterior lens capsulotomy with a total energy of 20, 60 or 100 mJ caused constriction of the pupil, and an increase in intraocular pressure in a dose-dependent manner, and a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Indomethacin attenuated all the component parts of the irritative response and (D-arg1, D-pro2, D-trp7,9, leu11)-SP attenuated the miotic response. A combination of indomethacin and the substance P antagonist almost completely abolished the irritative response. This indicates that the acute YAG-laser-induced irritation in the rabbit eye is dependent both on a release of prostaglandins and on substance P, the former probably releasing the latter from sensory nerves.
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PMID:A study of the mechanism of ocular irritation following YAG laser capsulotomy in rabbits. 243 20

There is substantial evidence that prostaglandins (PG's) mediate acute elevations of intraocular pressure (IOP) due to laser irradiation of the iris. In the present study, we determined the optimal laser parameters needed to produce the maximal rise in IOP in anesthetized rabbits. Application of argon laser (0.75 watts, 0.5 sec. duration, and 8 spots of 500 micron size) to the iris of pigmented rabbits elicited an acute rise in IOP and miosis accompanied by an increase in aqueous protein concentration. This response was followed by a delayed ocular hypotension that lasted for more than 3 days and returned to baseline by day 5. The onset of ocular hypertension occurred within 15 min. and remained elevated for at least 90 min. The laser induced rise in IOP was related more to the number of laser spots applied to the iris than to the intensity of the total laser energy utilized. Pretreatment with either indomethacin or flurbiprofen produced a dose dependent inhibition of ocular hypertensive response and significantly reduced aqueous protein concentration. Indomethacin (0.01-30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitonially 1 hr. before laser treatment and flurbiprofen (0.03-0.3%) was administered topically 45 and 15 min. prior to laser application. The hypertensive response was reduced by more than 90% of control after both drugs, whereas the delayed hypotension was significantly antagonized only at the highest dose of indomethacin. Neither indomethacin nor flurbiprofen altered the maximum miotic response to laser irradiation of the iris. However, 0.3% flurbiprofen and 30 mg/kg indomethacin significantly increased the recovery rate of the miotic pupil. The results of this study support the contention that argon laser induced ocular hypertension may provide a quantitative assessment of inhibition of prostaglandin mediated responses.
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PMID:Argon laser-induced ocular hypertension: animal model of ocular inflammation. 278 78

Absorption of the 0.3% Indomethacin-soluble ophthalmic solution produced in the 2nd Department of Ophthalmology in Budapest is more rapid and reaches a higher concentration in the aqueous humour than 0.5% Indomelol or 1.0% Indoptol ophthalmic solution. This fact was demonstrated in human aqueous humour, too, taken from the eye 1 h after administration of the drops at the beginning of the cataract operation. The Indomethacin-soluble eye drops are especially effective in preventing a postoperative increase in the intraocular pressure as a result of inflammation. On the first postoperative day following the cataract operation a 26.2% increase in the intraocular pressure in was found in the patients. In eyes treated with Indomethacin this number was 14.0%. The difference is significant (p = 0.04).
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PMID:[Resorption and postoperative anti-inflammatory effect of soluble indomethacin eyedrops]. 278 49

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has recently been demonstrated in sensory neurons of the eye. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of exogenous CGRP in the rabbit and cat eye. CGRP was injected intracamerally and the intraocular pressure was measured in cannulated eyes. The pupil diameter and the aqueous humor protein concentration were also measured. Indomethacin was used to prevent prostaglandin synthesis and tetrodotoxin (TTX) to block nerve conductance. In the rabbit eye, CGRP caused iridial hyperemia, a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and increased intraocular pressure. These responses were dose-related. The increase in IOP as well as the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier could not be blocked with TTX or indomethacin. In cats CGRP caused a decrease in IOP and had only slight effect on the aqueous humor protein concentration. Neither in rabbits nor in cats had CGRP any detectable effect on the pupil size. Intracameral injection of 0.1 microgram (7.4 x 10(-11) moles) substance P together with 0.1 microgram (2.6 x 10(-11) moles) CGRP in rabbits caused maximal miosis but did not potentiate the intraocular effects of CGRP only. These results indicate that CGRP has marked vascular effects in the rabbit eye, causing a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and increased IOP. The mechanism of this phenomenon does not involve prostaglandins neither nerve conduction, implying most likely a direct effect on the vascular smooth muscle. The mechanism of the decrease of IOP in cats remains unknown.
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PMID:Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the eye. A study in rabbits and cats. 326 93

Administration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) into the rabbit third ventricle via a permanently placed cannula resulted in a dose-dependent increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP was elevated 5.2 mmHg 30 minutes after VIP (10 micrograms/100 microliter) administration. Tonographic outflow facility was not altered by VIP. Thirty minutes after VIP injection into the third ventricle, aqueous humor flow estimated using the Goldmann equation was increased 36% over baseline levels. Intravenous administration of a 10 micrograms dose of VIP did not alter IOP. Systemic blood pressure was unaltered after third ventricle VIP. Systemic pretreatment with the cholinergic antagonist atropine blocked the VIP-induced elevation in IOP. Topical atropine pretreatment had no effect suggesting a central cholinergic mechanism for the VIP-induced increase in IOP. Physiological antagonism of the VIP response was observed after systemic pretreatment with propranolol, phentolamine, or acetazolamide. Body temperature (BT) was significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner following central VIP administration. Indomethacin pretreatment which had no effect on the IOP response, blocked the VIP temperature response.
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PMID:Central effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on intraocular pressure and body temperature in rabbits. 362 85


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