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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of a single instillation of levobunolol, a new nonselective beta-adrenoblocker, in normal subjects and patients with various forms of glaucoma were under study, as were the effects of prolonged administration of this drug in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Short-term observations have revealed a hypotensive effect in all the examinees, the highest in patients with open-angle glaucoma (30.2%). Levobunolol did not influence the diameter of the pupil and accommodation, nor did it essentially change the cardiovascular activity. Prolonged administration of the drug resulted in a stable reduction of intraocular pressure by 20-30% in 70% of patients with open-angle glaucoma. Tonographic studies have shown that the drug reduced the intraocular fluid production and in case of a prolonged administration a trend to an elevation of the coefficient of the easiness of fluid discharge is observed.
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PMID:[Results of the clinical study of a new adrenergic beta blocker levobunolol hydrochloride in healthy subjects and in patients with glaucoma]. 148 23

An adequate pupillary aperture is required for accurate ophthalmoscopy and retinoscopy in pediatric aphakia. When pupillary miosis does not respond to pharmacologic dilation, optical iridectomy performed with a vitreous suction-cutting instrument under general anesthesia may be required. We report a 27-month-old aphakic child whose pupillary aperture was enlarged from 1 mm to 3.5 mm with neodymium (Nd):YAG pupilloplasty, following intramuscular sedation with meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine. Removal of the laser chin rest and positioning of the patient on a table with adjustable height facilitated delivery of 140 applications at 2.5 to 4.3 mJ to the pupillary border. Levobunolol 0.5% controlled the transient posttreatment rise in intraocular pressure. We suggest that Nd:YAG pupilloplasty performed with sedation be considered as an alternative to intraocular surgery when pupillary miosis in pediatric aphakia does not respond to dilating agents.
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PMID:Neodymium:YAG pupilloplasty in pediatric aphakia. 189 May 73

We studied a new fluorophotometric method to determine trabecular outflow facility in man. Pilocarpine was selected to evaluate this non-invasive method, since its primary ocular hypotensive effect is to increase trabecular outflow facility. Levobunolol was used to decrease intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow required for the calculation of trabecular outflow facility. In ten ocular hypertensive patients trabecular outflow facility in the pilocarpine-treated eyes was 0.42 +/- 0.16 (S.D.) microliters min-1 mmHg-1 compared with 0.17 +/- 0.14 microliters min-1 mmHg-1 in the vehicle-treated eyes (P less than 0.004). An ocular hypotensive additivity was also found in the eyes treated with both drugs. It was concluded that this non-invasive fluorophotometric method may be useful in evaluating the effect of a drug on trabecular outflow facility.
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PMID:Trabecular outflow facility determined by fluorophotometry in human subjects. 273 60

Glaucoma is described, and the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of betaxolol and levobunolol in comparison with timolol are reviewed. Betaxolol and levobunolol are two beta-adrenergic blocking agents being marketed as ophthalmic solutions for treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). Betaxolol is a relatively cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker, while levobunolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Double-blind comparative trials have suggested that betaxolol has an equal to slightly lower efficacy and levobunolol has equal efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) compared with timolol, the first ophthalmic beta blocker. A mean reduction in intraocular pressure of 15-35% occurs with both betaxolol and levobunolol and is reported to be maintained with prolonged use. Betaxolol is associated with a higher (25%) incidence of local ocular adverse reactions than timolol. However, betaxolol produces less systemic beta 2- and possibly beta 1-adrenergic receptor blockade than either timolol or levobunolol. Betaxolol may be relatively safer to use in patients with reactive airway disease than either timolol or levobunolol. Levobunolol causes a similar to greater incidence of local ocular adverse reactions and similar systemic beta blockade compared with timolol. Levobunolol may possibly be longer acting than timolol, allowing more patients to be controlled by once-daily dosing. Betaxolol and levobunolol appear to be similar to timolol in controlling IOP in patients with POAG and OHT; additional experience with these agents is needed to assess the advantages and disadvantages of each agent.
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PMID:Comparison of ophthalmic beta-blocking agents. 289 63

Levobunolol is a potent non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent used for the topical treatment of increased intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. In comparative studies of up to 2 years' duration levobunolol 0.5 to 1% reduced intraocular pressures by about 30% and adequately controlled intraocular hypertension in 50 to 85% of those treated. These results were significantly superior to those produced by placebo and comparable to the responses achieved with ocular timolol in double-blind controlled trials. Levobunolol has been well tolerated, producing only minor changes in objective and subjective ophthalmic and systemic parameters. Adverse reactions resulted in approximately 5% of patients withdrawing from treatment with levobunolol which was equivalent to that observed with timolol. Thus, ocular levobunolol is a well-tolerated and effective therapy for the management of raised intraocular pressure, and is a suitable alternative to ocular timolol in patients with chronic open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
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PMID:Ocular levobunolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. 289 62

Forty patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension participated in this randomized double-masked clinical trial. The patients instilled either 0.5% Levobunolol or 0.5% Timolol into each eye twice daily for three months. Levobunolol produced an overall decrease in mean intraocular pressure of approximately 7 mmHg, while Timolol produced an overall decrease of approximately 5 mmHg but no significant difference has been proved. Intraocular pressure was inadequately controlled in five patients in each treatment group. Both drugs caused heart rate decreases that were judged to be of limited clinical significance. Levobunolol was found to be as safe and effective as Timolol for the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma as for those with chronic ocular hypertension.
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PMID:[Comparative study of levobunolol and timolol in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and chronic ocular hypertension]. 290 44

Fifty-one patients with raised intraocular pressure (IOP) were treated for up to four years with one of three ophthalmic solutions: 0.5% levobunolol, 1% levobunolol, or 0.5% timolol. The study was conducted as a double-masked, randomised trial in which medications were administered twice daily to both eyes. Levobunolol and timolol were equally effective in reducing overall mean IOP; reductions were greater than 8.8 mmHg in all three treatment groups. The study showed levobunolol to be as safe and effective as timolol in the long-term control of raised IOP.
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PMID:Levobunolol compared with timolol: a four-year study. 306 45

Twenty-six patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were studied in a concomitant double-masked clinical trial lasting three months, in which the ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of levobunolol (0.5%) and timolol (0.5%), topically administered twice daily, were compared. At all follow-up examinations there was a significant decrease in mean intraocular pressure from baseline in both treatment groups, with no significant difference between them in this regard. Few changes were seen in either treatment group in cup/disk ratio, visual fields, visual acuity, biomicroscopy, or ophthalmoscopy. In both groups slight decreases in mean blood pressure were observed. Levobunolol and timolol were similarly effective and safe in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma and those with ocular hypertension.
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PMID:[Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of levobunolol and timolol in ocular hypertension and chronic open-angle glaucoma]. 307 Jan 34

The efficacy of twice-daily treatment with 0.5% levobunolol hydrochloride was compared with that of 0.5% timolol maleate in 27 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension in a double-blind randomized trial. At all follow-up visits the patients in both groups had significantly decreased intraocular pressure (p less than 0.05); there was no significant difference between the groups. Levobunolol produced significant decreases in mean heart rate (p less than 0.05). One patient with an undisclosed history of childhood asthma experienced bronchospasm related to an acute upper respiratory tract infection while receiving levobunolol. Neither drug caused any significant ocular problems. The results show a clear ocular hypotensive effect with twice-daily 0.5% levobunolol.
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PMID:Efficacy of twice-daily levobunolol in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure. 329 26

Two concentrations of levobunolol (0.5% and 1%) and one concentration of timolol (0.5%) were evaluated for the control of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in a double-masked, randomized study. Fifty-one patients received one of the three study treatments in both eyes bid for one year. Both drugs were equally effective in reducing IOP: The overall reduction in mean IOP was slightly more than 9 mm Hg in all three treatment groups. Levobunolol was as safe and effective as timolol for the long-term control of elevated IOP.
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PMID:Levobunolol compared with timolol for the control of elevated intraocular pressure. 353 11


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