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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the scope of a clinical-experimental study on 12 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma we proved that a reduction in the individual doses of Acetazolamide (Diamox) brought no reduction in the effect on raised intraocular pressure when the frequency of application was the same. Daily doses of 3 X 125 mg were compared with those of 3-250 mg and 2 X 500 mg (Retardform). A additional trial on 6 patients with a daily dose of 3 X 62.5 mg also showed an obvious effect. The possibilities of long term treatment with acetazolamide are discussed.
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PMID:[Investigations on the effect of various doses of acetazolamide (Diamox) on intraocular pressure (author's transl)]. 32 84

Increased intraocular pressure in the immediate postoperative period commonly occurs after cataract extraction. We administered acetazolamide (Diamox) to 24 of 49 eyes with increased IOP in 49 patients. All pressures returned to normal within six to eight days. No difference was found between treated and untreated eyes.
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PMID:The effect of acetazolamide on early increased intraocular pressure after cataract extraction. 32 52

Nine patients with ocular hypertension each randomly received on separate days 0, 63, 125, 250, and 500 mg of acetazolamide (Diamox). In a double masked manner, acetazolamide plasma levels and intraocular pressure were monitored for seven hours following administration. Plasma levels increased linearly with dose, reaching 30 microgram/ml with the 500-mg dose. Maximum plasma levels occurred at one hour, and the minimum IOP was at two hours. The maximum IOP effect was a 30% to 35% fall. The IOP response was related to dose and plasma level, up to a 63-mg dose, which produced an average fall of 8.2 mm Hg. Little further average effect was documented at higher doses or plasma levels. The duration of response was slightly prolonged by 250 mg, but 500 mg showed no greater response. Thus, a 63-mg dose or a plasma level of 4 to 5 microgram/ml was as effective in lowering IOP as higher doses that produced plasma levels of 10 microgram/ml or more.
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PMID:Short-term dose response characteristics of acetazolamide in man. 33 32

One man and 2 women, aged 67, 63 and 68 years, observed for 8, 6, and 2 years, developed a classical postoperative malignant glaucoma. After a second operation, the use of atropine drops was continued for 2 years in one case, whereas in the other 2 cases miotics and later acetazolamide (Diamox) were necessary in order to maintain normal intraocular pressure. All 3 patients refused a preventive operation in the fellow eye and the use of miotics proved both necessary and effective in maintaining normal intraocular pressure, normal visual acuity, and normal visual fields.
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PMID:Unusual course and long-term follow-up in malignant glaucoma. 69 81

The effect of propranolol (Inderal) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma has been measured. Twenty-two patients completed the clinical trial. Propranolol in doses of 160 mg/d effectively lowered IOP in eyes with various types of open angle glaucoma. The test periods lasted from 4 to 6 days. The ocular hypotensive effect of propranolol was also registered in patients efficiently treated with pilocarpine and acetazolamide (Diamox), and in glaucomas not satisfactorily controlled by this therapy. High positive correlations between mean pretreatment pressure (P1), and pressure fall (delta P) were found (P less than 0.001), and the pressure decrease induced by propranolol treatment tended to be proportional to the pressure gradient between the anterior chamber and the episcleral veins. This pressure gradient was reduced by an average of about 50% following propranolol treatment. There was no change in scleral rigidity after propranolol.
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PMID:The treatment of glaucoma with propranolol (Inderal). A clinical trial. 78 44

Dichlorphenamide as well as Diamox lowers intraocular pressure. For adequate treatment of acute glaucoma only 20% of commonly used Diamoxdosis is requested to reach comparable pressure release two hours later. After one hour control intraocular pressure of 60% from patients with Dichlorphenamide treatment was found below 40 mm Hg since in Diamoxgroup there were only 30% below 40 mm Hg. Different effects of Dichlorphenamide and Diamox after one hour use is demonstrated in respect of serum electrolytes and base excess as well. Essential side effects after a single dosis of 200 mg Dichlorphenamide or in combination with Diamox for acute glaucoma treatment could not be observed.
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PMID:[Dichlorphenamide treatment in acute glaucoma (author's transl)]. 79 39

The developments concern methods of application and therapeutic agents. Regarding drug aplication Ocusert has to be mentioned: inserted in the cul de sac of the eye once a week it releases a low concentration of a substance continuously and with a constant rate. For acetazolamid (Diamox) it has been shown, that in long term treatment much lower concentrations than usual are effective. Efforts regarding new local agents reducing intraocular pressure are stimulating as well as inhibiting the sympathetic tone. The practically most important discovery so far is Clonidine, whose pressure lowering mechanism is not quite clarified yet and which, due to other problems, demands a very critical indication. Beta-receptor-blocking agents, such as Propranolol could become somewhat important, as well as for some special indications the chemical sympathectomy by 6-Hydroxydopamine. The sympatholytic agent Guanethidine proves to be very valuable in special cases. Besides the pressure reducing treatment medicamentally achieved increase of the blood supply to the optic nerve becomes more important. It becomes more and more evident that the elevation of the stroke volume--thus heart output--by cardiac therapy is important what demands collaboration with colleagues of other disciplines.
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PMID:[Approaches in medical treatment in glaucoma (author's transl)]. 85 80

A randomized, masked study measuring postoperative intraocular pressure at 4, 8, and 24 hours, two to seven days, and one month after planned extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation was conducted. Seven commonly used ocular hypotensive agents and a control, given at the completion of surgery, were compared: timolol maleate (Timoptic), levobunolol hydrochloride (Betagan), betaxolol hydrochloride (Betoptic), pilocarpine hydrochloride (Pilopine Gel), carbachol (Miostat), apraclonidine hydrochloride (Iopidine), acetazolamide (Diamox). There were significant differences between agents. Miostat was the most effective in controlling postoperative IOP, followed by Timoptic. Diamox, Pilopine Gel, and Betagan were equally effective. Betoptic was somewhat less effective and Iopidine was not significantly better than the control.
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PMID:Comparison of the postoperative intraocular pressure with Betagan, Betoptic, Timoptic, Iopidine, Diamox, Pilopine Gel, and Miostat. 173 53

Acute elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP) commonly follow extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implant in glaucoma patients. Thirty six patients with glaucoma undergoing cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation received one of three treatments. Group 1: 500 mg of Diamox Sustets (acetazolamide) 1 hour preoperatively (10 patients); Group 2: peroperative intracameral Miochol (acetylcholine) (11 patients); Group 3: the above treatments combined (15 patients). IOPs were measured at 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours postoperatively. The average of the maximum pressure rises above the preoperative level over the 24 hour period was greatest for the group receiving acetazolamide only at 8.9 mm Hg; for the acetylcholine group the average maximum rise was 6.3 mm Hg; while the combined treatment group showed a decrease of 0.7 mm Hg. IOP rises of > 6 mm Hg were seen in 7% of patients (one of 15) in the combined treatment group, 45% (five of 11) of the acetylcholine group, and 70% (seven of 10) of the acetazolamide group. IOP rises of > 10 mm Hg were seen in 7% of the combined treatment group, in 18% of the acetylcholine only group, and in 50% of the acetazolamide only group. A pressure rise > 20 mm Hg was seen in one patient receiving acetazolamide only and one patient receiving acetylcholine only. The difference between the acetylcholine group and the combined group for rises > 6 mm Hg was significant using the chi 2 test while the acetazolamide group showed a significant difference for rises > 6 and 10 mm Hg compared with the combined group. All acute pressure rises were recorded before or at 9 hours following operation except in the combined treatment patient where the rise occurred at 24 hours. To prevent the acute IOP rises seen following cataract surgery with lens implant in glaucoma patients we recommend combined ocular hypotensive therapy.
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PMID:Prevention of acute postoperative pressure rises in glaucoma patients undergoing cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implant. 142 57

Twenty-five eyes (23 patients) with inflammatory cystoid macular edema (CME) (11 after cataract surgery and 14 eyes (12 patients) with uveitis) were followed in a prospective open study. The aim was to determine the efficiency of a combined treatment of Diamox (acetazolamide), Voltaren Ophtha (diclofenac, a NSAID) and Ultracortenol (prednisolone acetate) and in the case of treatment failure, the usefulness of posterior subtenon's injections of corticosteroids (Kenacort 40 mg (triamcinolone)). Seven eyes (all pseudophakic CMEs) responded successfully to the initial therapy. Their mean visual acuity improved from 0.31 +/- 0.13 to 0.93 +/- 0.08 after 18 +/- 5 days (p less than or equal to 0.001). Of the sixteen of 18 evaluable eyes that were additionally treated with a mean of 3.28 +/- 1.07 three-weekly posterior subtenon's injections, 15 eyes including all uveitis CME responded to treatment. Their mean visual acuity improved from 0.49 +/- 0.20 to 0.96 +/- 0.31 (p less than or equal to 0.001). Two patients were excluded; in 22/23 eyes the sequential treatment was successful with an overall success rate of 95% of cases (improvement of five lines on the Snellen chart or final visual acuity of 0.8 or better). Initial angiographic cystoid macular edema was comparable and significantly improved after therapy in the two treatment groups. No mean intraocular pressure rise was noted after steroid injections. Measurement of anterior chamber inflammation with the laser flare-cell meter (Kowa FC-1000) showed elevated flare in all cases which significantly decreased in both treatment groups and represented a good follow-up parameter for the effect of antiinflammatory treatment and restoration of blood-ocular barrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Differential treatment of postoperative and uveitis-induced inflammatory cystoid macular edema]. 161 2


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