Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ocular inflammation was induced in 36 dogs by performing an anterior capsulotomy with a Nd:YAG laser. All dogs were pretreated with topical atropine. Dogs were then divided into three groups: (1) control, with no other pretreatment; (2) pretreatment with the topical dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor RMI-1068; and (3) pretreatment with topical prednisolone acetate. Dogs were studied 1-3 hours after lasering. RMI-1068 maintained mydriasis and raised intraocular pressure compared to the control and prednisolone groups. An ocular fluorophotometer used to measure anterior chamber fluorescence after IV injection of sodium fluorescein showed that RMI-1068 decreased anterior chamber fluorescein concentration compared to the control and prednisolone groups. RMI-1068 decreased PGF2 alpha concentrations in the aqueous at 1 and 3 hours compared to the control and prednisolone groups. Prednisolone decreased PGF2 alpha concentrations compared to the control group at 1 h. Concentrations of LTB4 in the aqueous at 1 hour were lower in the RMI-1068 group than in the control and prednisolone groups.
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PMID:Comparison of prednisolone and RMI-1068 in the ocular irritative response in dogs. 174 Mar 79

Authors of this study emphasize the requirement of the cooperation between the ophthalmologist and the endocrinologist in diagnostics and treatment of moderate and severe forms of endocrine orbitopathy (EO). Examinations necessary for diagnosis and possibilities of the systemic treatment are reported. Twenty patients within the group of 70 patients with EO, who had severe form of disease and underwent different combinations of corticosteroid therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy (RA) and orbital decompression were followed up. Authors recommend a dosage of Methylprednisolon (7-9 g) divided into pulses of 1000mg followed by pulses of 500 mg given during 3 to 4 weeks (2-3 infusions per week). They recommend administering Prednison in 60-90 mg doses per day depending on weight of a patient. After daily maximum dose during the first two weeks, the authors recommend to decrease gradually the dose with the total treating period of minimum of a half a year. Decrease of visual acuity depending on EO appeared by 7 patients. It has been stabilized in 6 patients after the treatment of EO. Hand movement remained in one patient with severe neuropathy in spite of urgent orbital decompression. The intraocular pressure has been stabilized in 16 patients after treatment of EO (six patients do not require further antiglaucomatic therapy). The decrease of protrusion occurred in 8 patients after corticosteroid therapy (1-5 mm) and in 5 patients after orbital decompression (6-10 mm). Severe adverse events (herpetic infection, osteoporosis, steroid DM) were reported in 3 patients after repeated courses of corticosteroid therapy. Authors recommend early administration of intensive systemic corticosteroid therapy in active stage of the moderate forms of EO.
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PMID:[The cooperation between the ophthalmologist and the endocrinologist in the treatment of the endocrine orbitopathy]. 1741 23

Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of the treatment for various ocular conditions affecting the ocular surface, anterior and posterior segments of the eye due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, and anti-neovascularization properties. Prednisolone, prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, and loteprednol etabonate are amongst the most widely used ophthalmic corticosteroids. Corticosteroids differ in their activity and potency in the eye due to their inherent pharmacological and pharmaceutical differences. Different routes and regimens are available for ocular administration of corticosteroids. Conventional topical application to the eye is the route of choice when targeting diseases affecting the ocular surface and anterior segment, while periocular, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal injections can be potentially effective for posterior segment diseases. Corticosteroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation and cataract formation remain the most significant local risks following topical as well as systemic corticosteroid administration. Invasive drug administration via intracameral, subconjunctival, and intravitreal injection can enhance ocular bioavailability and minimize dose and dosing frequency of administration, yet may exacerbate ocular side effects of corticosteroids. This review provides a critical appraisal of the ophthalmic uses of corticosteroid, routes of administration, drug delivery fundamentals and novel ocular implantable steroid delivery systems, factors influencing side effects, and future perspectives for ocular corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives. 3290 67