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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed a prospective, randomized double blind study comparing the cardiovascular and intraocular pressure (IOP) effects of unilateral therapy with clonidine 0.125% and apraclonidine hydrochloride 1.0% in 15 normal and 15 ocular hypertensive volunteers. Baseline values were obtained prior to instillation. One drop of test medication (clonidine, apraclonidine or placebo) was instilled unilaterally, and the post-instillation measurements were taken at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. Apraclonidine 1% produced a maximum 31.4% +/- 6.9% (4.83 +/- 1.17 mmHg) decrease in mean IOP in ocular normotensive volunteers and 33.9% +/- 6.9% (10.10 +/- 2.45 mmHg) in ocular hypertensive patients (p < 0.001). These values were 22.1% +/- 6.9% (2.90 +/- 1.94 mmHg) and 22.7% +/- 6.9 (6.80 +/- 2.31 mmHg), respectively in clonidine group (p < 0.001). In apraclonidine group, there were no changes in contralateral IOP, blood pressure or pulse rate. Clonidine produced a significant decrease in contralateral IOP, but this reduction was not statistically significantly different than that of placebo. In clonidine group, there was no change in pulse rate, but a significant decrease in blood pressure. Eyelid retraction, conjunctival blanching and mydriasis were noted in eyes treated with apraclonidine. However there were no statistically and clinically significant changes in pupil size or interpalpebral fissure width with clonidine. This study suggests that apraclonidine appears to be safer and more effective ocular hypotensive agent than clonidine in treatment of glaucoma.
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PMID:Apraclonidine and clonidine: a comparison of efficacy and side effects in normal and ocular hypertensive volunteers. 135 52

A prospective, randomized study evaluated the effects of unilateral, topical 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride on conjunctival oxygen tension in 10 normal volunteers using a conjunctival oxygen monitor. Conjunctival oxygen tension and intraocular pressure were measured prior to instillation of apraclonidine, then at 1, 3, and 5 hours. Apraclonidine was found to significantly decrease conjunctival oxygen tension 76% at 1 hour compared with baseline values. At 3 hours conjunctival oxygen tension was decreased to 56% and at 5 hours to 10% of baseline. Intraocular pressure was lowered maximally at 3 hours to 40% of baseline measurements in the treated eye. The contralateral eye had a small decrease in conjunctival oxygen tension and intraocular pressure that was not statistically significant. Lid retraction and conjunctival blanching were noted to occur maximally between 1 and 3 hours. Further study is needed to determine if the apraclonidine-induced conjunctival hypoxia noted in this study has clinical significance for ocular blood flow, particularly in patients with glaucoma.
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PMID:The effects of apraclonidine on conjunctival oxygen tension. 268 18