Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carteolol is a relatively potent nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. It is used topically to reduce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Twice-daily ocular administration of carteolol 1 or 2% lowers IOP by approximately 32% on average in patients with these conditions, an efficacy equivalent to that of timolol 0.25 or 0.5%. Carteolol eyedrops lack local anaesthetic activity, appear to cause less local irritation than timolol, and produce less pronounced decreases in heart rate or dyspnoea, possibly due to partial agonist activity. The latter activity may also improve retinal perfusion. Thus, although additional comparative trials are needed to accurately assess the precise place of carteolol in therapy, this drug offers a useful alternative to timolol in the management of conditions associated with a raised IOP, and may have advantages in older patients with regard to its tolerability profile, although careful monitoring is still wise.
 ...
PMID:Ocular carteolol. A review of its pharmacological properties, and therapeutic use in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. 155 74

This study intended to evaluate the advantages of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% (Alphagan((R))), a selective alpha-2 receptor agonist, relaying a poorly tolerated beta-blocker treatment. Effectiveness, as assessed by intraocular pressure, local and general tolerance of the treatment, and the quality of life of the patients included in the study, was compared for these two eye drops. This multicenter and prospective study, performed by 450 ophthalmologists, included 807 adults presenting with glaucoma or ocular hypertony over 8 months. After a poorly tolerated beta-blocker treatment, which had started at least 6 months before, these patients received brimonidine over 8 weeks. At 3 successive visits, intraocular pressure, biomicroscopic examination results, and visual acuity were recorded. A quality-of-life questionnaire evaluating breathlessness, fatigue, depressive mood, loss of appetite, and satisfaction with the treatment was also given to patients. In the 731 patients observed in the study, the analysis concluded a statistically significant decrease in intraocular pressure (-2.5mmHg) and in the cardiovascular parameters during brimonidine treatment: blood pressure was reduced by 3mmHg and 1.1mmHg for systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively. The heart rate rose by 1.7 beats/min. The quality-of-life questionnaire revealed less breathlessness (-26%), fatigue (-24.9%), depressive mood (-19.3%), and better appetite (+8.2%). The feeling of satisfaction with the brimonidine treatment was significantly improved for 95 patients. However, 12% of all patients stopped their treatment because of adverse effects. Brimonidine improved the glaucomatous patients' quality of life, at least in some areas. Improved intraocular pressure could at least in part result from better compliance with the treatment. Brimonidine is an encouraging alternative after an unsatisfactory beta-blocker treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Use of brimonidine 0.2% in treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertony after poorly tolerated beta-blocker treatment]. 1222 42

Obstruction of blood flow in the superior vena cava results in the signs and symptoms of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Venous collaterals form, to establish alternative pathways for return of venous blood to the right atrium. The rapidity of onset of symptoms and signs from SVC obstruction is directly related to the rate at which obstruction occurs and how effective the formed collaterals are. Lung cancer and lymphoma account for more than 90% of cases of SVC syndrome. Recognition of signs and symptoms allows us to make an early diagnosis. Facial swelling, distended veins over the neck, upper extremity swelling, and dyspnea are common findings. Proptosis, periorbital swelling (including eyelid), conjunctival suffusion and elevated intraocular pressure are documented ophthalmic findings in SVC syndrome. We present a rare case of conjunctival suffusion in a 72-year-old male diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome secondary to lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:Superior vena cava syndrome (SVC syndrome): a rare cause of conjunctival suffusion. 1728 99

A 62-year-old man was admitted to the ophthalmologic department for operation of retinal detachment. Mannitol and acetazolamide were prescribed to reduce intraocular pressure. Seven days after operation, gradual onset of drowsy consciousness occurred. The laboratory findings of hypertonic hyponatremia (109 mEq/l), hyperosmolality (341 mosm/kg), metabolic acidosis (pH: 7.17) and acute renal failure (serum creatinine: 8.2 mg/dl) dictated a diagnosis of mannitol-induced acute kidney injury. First, 3% saline was given, but consciousness kept deteriorated with worsened dyspnea and metabolic acidosis. Hemodialysis was then performed subsequently and his consciousness and renal function completely recovered. A special emphasis on the treatment of hypertonic hyponatremia was given.
 ...
PMID:Mannitol-induced acute renal failure. 2055 70