Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rabbits the topical administration of sodium azide (NaNs) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increased intraocular pressure in a dose-response manner. These agents, which activate guanylate cyclase, elevated cyclic GMP in the aqueous humor. Systemic blood pressure and pulse were not altered. Tonographic outflow facility was unchanged, suggesting an increase in aqueous humor flow as the mechanism for the elevation of intraocular pressure. Posterior chamber aqueous humor ascorbate concentration was decreased in the eye receiving the NaN3 or SNP. Systemic pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, prevented the elevation of intraocular pressure observed following NaN3 and SNP. Pretreatment with systemic indomethacin, propranolol, or acetazolamide or the topical application of atropine or epinephrine failed to alter the elevation of intraocular pressure by either NaN3 or SNP.
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PMID:Increased intraocular pressure following topical azide or nitroprusside. 19 56

Evaluation of 200 consecutive pars plana vitrectomies shows delayed corneal epithelial healing after intentional scraping and formation of a posterior subcapsular cataract, presumably due to exposure to inadequate infusion fluids. Posterior retinal holes occur frequently, whereas entrance site complications have been reduced to an acceptable minimum. Temporary rise in intraocular pressure is common.
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PMID:Surgical complications of pars plana vitreous surgery. 64 50

Posterior lip sclerectomies were performed in rabbits and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) was applied by topical instillation or subconjunctival injection. In both groups, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of the treated eyes was significantly lowered at postoperative week 1 and 2, but there was no significant difference between the mean IOP of the control eyes and that of the treated eyes at postoperative week 3 and 4. In both groups, at postoperative week 2, the sclerectomy sites of the control eyes were totally occluded by granulation tissue, but those of the treated eyes were partially replaced by granulation tissue. At postoperative week 4, the sclerectomy sites of the treated eyes were totally occluded by the granulation tissue ultimately in both groups. There were no differences in the mean IOP and the histologic finding of the treated eyes between the topical instillation group and the subconjunctival injection group. We concluded that either topical instillation or subconjunctival injection of Ara-C can delay wound healing at the surgical site after glaucoma filtering surgery in rabbits.
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PMID:The use of cytosine arabinoside in glaucoma filtering surgery. 130 48

We performed ocular examinations on 58 corticosteroid-treated pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and on 58 age-matched controls. Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) were detected in 12 of the 58 treated patients (20.7%) and in none of the controls. The difference in mean intraocular pressure (IOP) between the treated patients (15.89 +/- 4.11 mm Hg) and control subjects (13.63 +/- 2.35 mm Hg) was significant statistically (P < 0.001). Twenty-one patients (36.2%) were characterized as "IOP responders" (IOP > or = 20 mm Hg, change in IOP > or = 6 mm Hg between visits, or a difference in IOP > or = 6 mm Hg between the two eyes). Formation of PSC was not correlated significantly (P > 0.05) with the total dose of prednisone, duration of treatment, average daily dose, or number of days on high doses (> or = 25 mg). Raised IOP was correlated (P = 0.005) only with average daily dose (12.4 +/- 10.9 mg/day; range, 0-47 mg/day) 30 days before examination. When the dose of corticosteroid was reduced to < 10 mg/day, 2 patients manifested regression of PSC, and 12 IOP responders showed a decrease in IOP to within 2 SD of the mean control IOP. Only 3 of the 58 treated patients (5.2%) manifested both PSC and raised IOP. A significant inverse correlation (P = 0.02) was established between IOP at first examination and formation of PSC. We propose that the mechanisms for steroid-induced lens opacities and raised IOP do not share the same genetic basis. Because 52% of these children developed either PSC or raised IOP with prednisone therapy, we advocate careful ophthalmologic monitoring of pediatric patients receiving corticosteroids for IBD or any other condition.
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PMID:Ocular toxicity of prednisone in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 130 98

To determine diagnostic value of lens opacities in myotonic dystrophy (DM), we examined 98 at-risk members of 9 DM kindreds. Haplotype analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) using ApoC2, CKMM, and pEFD4.2 supported the diagnosis of DM in 33 and excluded the diagnosis in 51 members. The sensitivities of bilateral iridescent lens opacities, posterior cortical lens opacities, orbicularis oculi weakness, low intraocular pressure, ptosis, and ocular myotonia were 46.7, 50.0, 60.6, 59.3, 51.5, and 3.0%, while their specificities were 100.0, 100.0, 98.0, 94.1, 96.1, and 100.0%, respectively. A peripheral pigmentary degeneration and central macular lesions of retina were not found on indirect fundoscopy. In 86.2% of DM patients, bilateral iridescent lens opacities, posterior cortical lens opacities, or both were present. Unilateral iridescent lens opacities occurred in only 3 of our DM patients, and 2 of non-DM relatives showed a few unilateral iridescent particles. Posterior cortical lens opacities in DM patients always affected both eyes in this series. We conclude that 1) bilateral iridescent lens opacities and posterior cortical lens opacities are highly specific for DM and useful for establishing clinical diagnosis of DM, 2) unilateral iridescent lens opacities are infrequent in DM and are seen in some non-DM members, and 3) ocular myotonia and clinical retinopathies are rare in DM.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of ophthalmologic findings in myotonic dystrophy: comparison with risks calculated by haplotype analysis of closely linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms. 136 51

We reviewed the medical records of 97 patients who had 101 consecutive intraocular lens (IOL) explantation procedures, with or without exchange, at the University of Florida Eye Center from January 1, 1983, to December 31, 1987. The majority of the removed IOLs were anterior chamber styles (53.9%), followed by iris-fixated lenses (33.7%). The most common indications for surgery included pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK)--69%, uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome--9%, and IOL instability--7%. The best visual outcome was seen in patients with IOL instability; 50% achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity. Forty one percent of patients with PBK, who had IOL explantation/exchange combined with penetrating keratoplasty, achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity. The poorest visual outcome was seen in patients with the UGH syndrome; 83% had a final acuity of 20/200 or worse. However, these patients achieved resolution of their pain and inflammation and better control of their intraocular pressure as a result of the surgery. Complications leading to IOL explantation tended to occur months to years after the original surgery in patients with closed-loop, semi-flexible anterior chamber lenses and iris-fixated lenses. Posterior chamber lenses were most often removed because of complications unrelated to the implant.
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PMID:Indications for and results of intraocular lens explantation. 173 66

The irritative response to Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was studied in unanaesthetized rabbits. Posterior lens capsulotomy with a total energy of 100 mJ had no effect on the pupil size but increased the intraocular pressure by 5-10 mmHg and caused a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Anterior lens capsulotomy with a total energy of 20, 60 or 100 mJ caused constriction of the pupil, and an increase in intraocular pressure in a dose-dependent manner, and a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Indomethacin attenuated all the component parts of the irritative response and (D-arg1, D-pro2, D-trp7,9, leu11)-SP attenuated the miotic response. A combination of indomethacin and the substance P antagonist almost completely abolished the irritative response. This indicates that the acute YAG-laser-induced irritation in the rabbit eye is dependent both on a release of prostaglandins and on substance P, the former probably releasing the latter from sensory nerves.
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PMID:A study of the mechanism of ocular irritation following YAG laser capsulotomy in rabbits. 243 20

Posterior iris chafing by the loop or the optic portion of sulcusfixated posterior chamber lens implants may cause a spectrum of disorders that include iris-pigment epithelial "window defects," pigment dispersion with or without elevation of intraocular pressure, intermittent microhyphemas with transient visual obscurations, and the UGH syndrome. It appears that secondary pigmentary glaucoma is more likely with planar loop design than with angulated loops. Optic and loop materials may play a role in the development of the disorder. Implantation of both supporting loops of the implant within the capsular bag is suggested to prevent posterior iris chafing.
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PMID:Pseudophakic posterior iris chafing syndrome. 371 62

Three laser techniques for the treatment of glaucoma are described. The short-burn technique of argon laser iridotomy permitted perforation of the peripheral iris in one session without serious complications, thereby alleviating pupillary block in angle-closure glaucoma. The rates of successful intraocular pressure (IOP) control and visual acuity loss due to cataract progression were similar in laser iridotomy and surgical iridectomy. The tonographic outflow facility remained unchanged after argon laser iridotomy. Techniques of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to the anterior and posterior aspects of the trabecular band were evaluated. The anterior ALT gave fewer complications, but a lower IOP control rate than the posterior ALT. Posterior ALT over 180 degrees with about 50 burns gave fewer complications than treatment over 360 degrees with about 100 burns, yet the final effects in IOP control were better after the 180 degrees than after the 360 degrees treatment. Nd-YAG laser irradiation can separate dysgenetic iris insertion from the trabecular band in developmental glaucoma without serious complications. This Nd-YAG laser goniotomy may be useful for the treatment of juvenile primary developmental glaucoma.
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PMID:Laser therapy for glaucoma. 384 Oct 3

This thesis contains a clinical and laboratory summary of findings in PPMD and, for the first time, reports the results of a large series of patients who underwent keratoplasty surgery. Posterior polymorphous dystrophy is bilateral and autosomal dominantly inherited. Slit lamp findings include corneal edema in the more advanced cases, calcific and lipid degenerative changes in severe cases, band-like lesions at the level of Descemet's membrane, localized or diffuse thickenings of Descemet's membrane, posterior corneal vesicular-like lesions, islands of abnormal cells surrounded by normal-appearing endothelial cells. Iridocorneal adhesions ranged in severity from fine or broad-based adhesions seen only on gonioscopy to large iridocorneal adhesions often associated with a glass-like membrane that are seen easily by slit lamp examination. All patients with broad-based iridocorneal adhesions have elevated intraocular pressure. Some patients have elevated pressure but no adhesions. Laboratory examination of corneal, iris, and trabecular meshwork tissue from patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty and filtering operations reveals an abnormal endothelial cell layer covering the posterior cornea and growing across the trabecular meshwork and onto the iris. Although this tissue contains a variety of cells, the most prominent type is an epithelial-like cell. Extensive laboratory studies demonstrate features in common between the epithelial-like cells and normal epithelium. These include a multilaminar pattern, desmosomal junctions, microvillous projections, cytoplasmic keratin, sparse mitochondria, and rapid growth in tissue culture. These cells appear to determine the management and prognosis of patients with PPMD undergoing surgery. Twenty-two corneal transplants were performed on 20 eyes of 13 patients with PPMD. Their ages ranged from 11 to 77 years. The follow-up time after keratoplasty averaged 4.75 years. Nine grafts (41%) failed. Two failed because of an endothelial rejection, three because of glaucoma, one because of a retrocorneal membrane, two from both a retrocorneal membrane and glaucoma, and one from both an endothelial rejection and glaucoma. Thus, glaucoma was involved in six of the nine failures (27% of all grafts). Clinically visible retrocorneal membranes formed in 4 of the 22 grafts. All four eyes had preoperative slit lamp-visible iridocorneal adhesions. The factor that most prominently influences keratoplasty prognosis is the presence of iridocorneal adhesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy: a disease characterized by epithelial-like endothelial cells which influence management and prognosis. 391 30


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