Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0595921 (intraocular pressure)
 11,750 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of our first 200 neodymium-YAG laser iridectomies performed over a two-year period in various forms of glaucoma showed patent iridectomies in 180 of 182 eyes (99% success) at the last examination (one to 26 months postoperatively). Both failures had preexisting chronic uveitis. Eighteen eyes were lost to follow-up. Complications included intraocular pressure increased more than 10 mm Hg in 54 eyes (30%), hemorrhage in 36 eyes (20%), iritis in 21 eyes (11.5%), posterior synechiae in 13 eyes (7%), corneal changes in seven eyes (4%), and pupillary distortion in six eyes (3%). With experience, fewer applications are required to penetrate the iris, and retreatment to obtain patency is less likely to be needed.
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PMID:Neodymium-YAG laser iridectomies in glaucoma associated with closed or occludable angles. 372 23

A case of sympathetic uveitis which developed after several operations to reduce intraocular pressure is reported. Initially there was a thrombosis of the central vein; secondary glaucoma developed after laser coagulation and iridectomy; six operations followed. Some months later the diagnosis of sympathetic uveitis was established. The pathogenesis of sympathetic uveitis in this case is discussed.
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PMID:[Sympathetic ophthalmia following interventions for hemorrhagic glaucoma]. 376 65

In a prospective study of 44 eyes with open angle-glaucoma and 27 with pseudocapsular glaucoma, the aqueous humor outflow facility was controlled for up to 12 months following argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). The average increase in the facility of outflow, which was 70% in open-angle glaucoma, was 25% higher in pseudocapsular glaucoma. In successful ALT, this increase in outflow facility was established within the first 20 hours after coagulation and did not decrease during the following year. There were no major complications such as transitory elevations of intraocular pressure, hyphema, or severe uveitis; this fact is interpreted as a result of the authors' technique, in which only the light-pigmented trabecular meshwork is coagulated.
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PMID:[Aqueous humor outflow capacity after argon laser trabeculoplasty. Preliminary report]. 403 73

Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) was used to treat 237 eyes of 156 presurgical patients with various open-angle glaucomas. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma formed the largest group; intraocular pressure (IOP) control judged clinically to be adequate was achieved in 77.3% of eyes. Eyes with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma demonstrated the greatest IOP reduction achieving control in 90.7%. Eyes with combined-mechanism glaucoma underwent argon laser iridectomy prior to ALT. One month after ALT the IOP was considered adequate in 70% of eyes. ALT may benefit eyes with low-tension glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma and aphakic open-angle glaucoma. Treatment failures were frequent in eyes with angle recession and uveitis. Complications included IOP elevation (7.8%) and mild iritis; technique modifications minimized their frequency and intensity. ALT demonstrated an excellent benefit-to-risk ratio. Its effect additive to medications, ALT often permitted a reduction in the medical regimen, but rarely cessation of drug therapy. ALT is recommended as an alternative to drainage surgery.
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PMID:Argon laser trabeculoplasty and the open-angle glaucomas. 407 52

A 47-year-old patient was legally blind in her only eye for months due to long-lasting ocular hypotension following chronic uveitis and several operations for cataract and secondary glaucoma. With injections of 0.7 to 2.5 cc 1% Healon into the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity at intervals of 2 to 12 months, intraocular pressure levels between 5 and 12 mmHg could be maintained resulting in an improvement of the visual acuity up to 25/100. The treatment has been continued for over 5 years. A positive correlation was found between the volume of injected Healon and the integral of intraocular pressure over time, and between visual acuity and pressure level. Reduced aqueous flow, high trabecular outflow resistance, and a low rate of clearance of Healon from the vitreous cavity is obviously responsible for the long-lasting elevation of low intraocular pressure levels and for the restoration of useful vision.
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PMID:Inflow and outflow relations after intraocular fluid-Healon exchange in a case of chronic ocular hypotension. 408 74

The role of nerve conduction was studied in acute experimental uveitis caused by antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation, prostaglandin E1 and E2 (PGE1 and PGE2), capsaicin and substance P (SP). Systemic indomethacin was used to prevent formation of endogenous prostaglandins, and intracameral injection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) was used to block nerve conduction. 10 micrograms TTX prevented the miosis and reduced the rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) usually caused by antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation. At a low dose of PGE1 the IOP rise was blocked by TTX. At higher doses of PGE1 and PGE2 the pressure effect was not blocked by TTX; the miotic effect was markedly diminished. Capsaicin caused a rise in IOP that was almost totally blocked by TTX, while the miosis at high doses seemed unaffected. At low doses, capsaicin-induced miosis could be abolished by TTX. SP caused miosis in TTX treated eyes similar to that in untreated eyes; the IOP rise was delayed by TTX. The results indicate that nerve conduction plays a role in the IOP reaction caused by low doses of PGE1 and by capsaicin and SP. The mechanism suggested is an axon reflex, elicited in the anterior uvea and resulting in transmitter release in the ciliary processes. Nerve conduction with release of SP or a similar substance in the iris seems to be required for the miotic effects of PGE1 and PGE2. SP and capsaicin are similar in not requiring nerve conduction to cause miosis, but the capsaicin effect probably requires presence of nerves, since denervated eyes--which respond to SP--have been reported no to respond to capsaicin does similar to those used here.
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PMID:Ocular responses to antidromic trigeminal stimulation, intracameral prostaglandin E1 and E2, capsaicin and substance P. 617 Feb 10

An acute inflammatory reaction in the uvea was challenged by an intravitreal injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in presensitized rabbits. During the observation time of 3 h, intraocular pressure (IOP) increased, anterior uveal blood vessels were dilated, miosis was produced, and as a sign of the breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier, protein content in the aqueous humour was increased. In the contralateral eye, the reaction consisted of an increase in IOP and a disruption of the blood aqueous barrier. As an evidence of the immunological mechanism of this acute reaction, presensitized animals intravitreally injected with saline or unimmunized rabbits which were injected with BSA showed no significant changes in IOP, pupillary diameter or protein content in aqueous humour. Phentolamine significantly reduced protein leakage into the anterior chamber of the experimental eye. It also significantly inhibited the increase in IOP and protein leakage in the contralateral eye. The present findings demonstrate that a hypertensive inflammatory phase is present in the acute experimental uveitis. The mechanisms of the reaction and the mode of action of phentolamine are discussed.
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PMID:An acute ocular inflammatory reaction induced by intravitreal bovine serum albumin in presensitized rabbits: the effect of phentolamine. 648 58

A 46-year-old woman with a history of breast carcinoma and no known metastatic disease presented with iridocyclitis and secondary glaucoma. Intraocular inflammation and pressure elevation persisted despite standard medical therapy, and paracentesis was performed. Cytological examination of the aspirate revealed adenocarcinoma. Subsequent studies disclosed no evidence of extraocular metastasis. Two courses of radiation therapy to the involved eye resulted in a dramatic reduction in intraocular inflammation and allowed temporary control of the intraocular pressure. Ultimately, however, progressive glaucoma necessitated enucleation. This case confirms previous statements that iridocyclitis may be the initial clinical manifestation of metastatic malignancy. In addition, this report emphasises the importance of paracentesis in the diagnostic evaluation of selected cases of anterior uveitis of unknown aetiology.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma of the iris simulating iridocyclitis. 653 95

Fourteen patients were followed up with slit-lamp, noncontact, and wide-field specular microscopical examination for anterior segment changes during unilateral attacks of keratouveitis due to varicella zoster virus (VZV). Ten patients had severe keratouveitis. Their affected eyes presented nonreflecting endothelial changes in different phases of the disease. The first non-reflecting changes suggesting virus endothelitis were observed at the onset of keratouveitis. These changes later recurred for several months. When the corneal oedema had subsided, the mean endothelial cell density of the affected eyes was on average 15.3% lower (p less than 0.01) than in the healthy fellow eyes. During early uveitis transient high intraocular pressure (IOP) developed in 5 patients. Patients with severe disease and an episode of high IOP had a 20.2% lower cell count in the diseased than in the healthy fellow eye. During the follow-up interstitial keratitis developed in 2 cases and focal iris atrophy in another 2. Four patients presented with mild keratouveitis. The posterior cornea and endothelial cell density in this group remained unchanged.
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PMID:Endothelial cell loss in herpes zoster keratouveitis. 660 64

Four cyclocryosurgical procedures were compared for effects on normal canine eyes. All procedures produced a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in intraocular pressure, a marked uveitis, ciliary epithelial cell loss, edema and engorgement of the ciliary processes, iris necrosis, protein effusion, chemosis, and mild discomfort, as indicated by mild blepharospasm and slight epiphora. The histopathologic changes were evaluated at 5 minutes, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery. The ciliary epithelium was normal in appearance and intraocular pressure had returned to the normal range at 6 months after surgery. The adverse reactions to the cyclocryosurgical procedures included retinal detachments, chemosis, conjunctivitis, transient increased intraocular pressure, uveitis, iris depigmentation, and corneal granulation tissue.
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PMID:Effects of cyclocryosurgery on the clinically normal canine eye. 683 8


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