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Query: UMLS:C0546837 (esophageal cancer)
 8,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A stepwise clustering algorithm, a method of multivariate statistical analysis, is suggested in this paper. The algorithm is designed for solving problems connected with stepwise regression. It is efficient not only in handling both continuous and discrete variables, but also in the nonlinear relationships between the variables. The above procedure was used in an attempt to find out the causal association of esophageal cancer with its precursors, i.e. nitrates and nitrites of nitrosamines, some of which are known to be carcinogenic. An analysis has been made of the correlation between esophageal cancer as well as severe epithelial hyperplasia of the esophagus and the concentrations of NO3- and NO2- in the drinking water. The samples used were collected from 495 wells in 49 production brigades of the Yaocun Commune in Linxian County, Honan Province. The result indicates that esophageal cancer is definitely connected with the levels of NO3- (summer) and NO2- (spring) in the drinking water. Severe epithelial hyperplasia is defintely connected with the contents of NO2- and NO3- in the drinking water collected in spring, autumn and winter. Our preliminary analysis shows that the stepwise clustering algorithm is a useful statistical method to be used for medical research.
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PMID:Application of stepwise cluster analysis in medical research. 51 29

Lipid peroxides are formed by autooxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids found primarily in cell membranes. An increase level of lipid peroxides in the tissue therefore reflects membrane damage. We reported that water immersion restraint rats caused significant increase of gastric mucosal lipid peroxide which reflected on gastric mucosal injury. The gastric mucosal injury is also known as the post-operative complication due to physical stress. So we studied plasma lipid peroxide and its related substances in the operation of esophageal cancer. Lipid peroxide levels increased significantly in pre- and post-operation but temporal decrease was found during the operation. Vitamin E is thought to be an important structural component of biologic membranes and is believed to act as a free radical scavenger in lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E also increased in the patients of esophageal cancer and decreased significantly during the operation. Superoxide dismutase changed frequently during the operation but there was no deficit tendency in its changes. Catalase levels also changes frequently and showed temporal but statistical elevation after the operation. These results indicated that lipid peroxidation may contribute to the development of organic damage in the operation of esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[Plasma lipid peroxides in the operation of esophageal cancer]. 140 63

Fusarin C (FC) is a naturally occurring mutagen found on Fusarium moniliforme-contaminated corn. In Linxian, China, an area of exceptionally high incidence of esophageal cancer, the milled corn is made into small cakes called wotou, which are steamed. It has been suggested that FC may play a role in the etiology of esophageal cancer, but this has been questioned, in part, because of the thermal instability of FC. We therefore measured the effects of temperature on FC stability, mimicking the cooking process. FC was extracted from the wotou and quantitated by both reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and the Ames assay. After wotou were steamed for 30 minutes, 11% and 3% of the initial FC remained, as detected by the two assays, respectively. The milled corn, when moistened with water, had a pH of 6.1, which was lowered to 5.3 when it was inoculated with F. moniliforme and cultured for three weeks. Pickled vegetables are sometimes added to the wotou, which further reduces the pH. To determine the effects of pH on FC, it was heated in solution, with the pH varied between 4 and 8. Its stability was very pH dependent, decomposing more rapidly as the pH increased. Because ingested FC would also be subjected to the low pH of the stomach, it was treated for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C and pH values ranging from 1.0 to 7.0. FC was stable (less than 15% decomposition) under these conditions. If FC is a significant health threat, it could most easily be destroyed by cooking at slightly basic pH values.
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PMID:Stability of fusarin C: effects of the normal cooking procedure used in China and pH. 140 46

We investigated plasma Endothelin concentration (s-ET) and urinary Endothelin concentration (u-ET) in eleven patients undergoing subtotal esophagectomy through r-thoracal and abdominal approach for esophageal cancer (nine men and two women). S-ET and u-ET, sodium excretions fraction (FENa), free-water clearance (CH2O, uric NAG Index, creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), primary water balance (PWB) and primary sodium balance (PNB) were measured during the perioperative period till the 7th day. Urinary Endothelin concentration in the postoperative 3 and 6 hours, and the 2nd postoperative day were significantly higher than preoperative value. No significant values were obtained in plasma Endothelin Highly significant correlations were obtained between urinary Endothelin concentration and FENa, CH2O, PWB and PNB. Furthermore, u-ET was well correlated with s-ET. We concluded that the measurement of u-ET may be useful as an indicator of renal tubular function and global renal functions with high sensitivity.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of urinary endothelin concentration]. 187 89

The combined thoracoabdominal procedure for patients with esophageal cancer is still associated with a high rate of pulmonary complications. Many institutions believe prophylactic postoperative mechanical ventilation to be the most effective measure against pulmonary complications. On the other hand, the duration of mechanical ventilation can have a significant influence on the incidence of pulmonary complications, which are increased after prolonged ventilatory support. Interstitial pulmonary edema is a frequent pathological finding with a poor prognosis after esophageal surgery. Increased water retention in the lung means a greater risk of atelectasis or pneumonia. At the St. Clara Hospital, Basle, patients with esophagectomy were extubated on the day of surgery. Despite early extubation there was a very low rate of minor pulmonary complications. To clarify possible factors contributing to this uncomplicated postoperative course, 20 patients with thoracoabdominal resection of the esophagus were evaluated. All patients were operated upon using a combination of thoracic epidural and light general anesthesia. At the end of the operation all were breathing spontaneously. After a short period of pressure support ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the mean extubation time was 3 h 10 min postoperatively. Local anesthetics and morphine given by the epidural route and the simultaneous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs made possible an uneventful and pain-free postoperative course. Early extubation, the immediate use of a CPAP mask system 2-3-hourly and an effective cough were the main points of respiratory therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Complication-free early extubation following abdomino-thoracic esophagectomy]. 188 58

Four thousand eighty inbred rats were maintained from weaning on various different concentrations of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The principal aim was to characterize the dose-response relationship for the effects of these agents on esophageal cancer (NDEA) or on various types of liver cancer (NDEA and NDMA), although NDEA also caused a few tumors of the nasopharynx and NDMA also caused a few tumors of the lung. The numbers of tumors of mesenchymal and Kupffer cells in the liver were too few to allow easy characterization of the dose-response relationships, and although NDMA induced large numbers of bile duct neoplasms, NDEA did not. Thus, the four principal dose-response relationships studied were of NDEA on esophageal or liver cells and of NDMA on bile duct or liver cells. At doses sufficiently high for the median time to death from the disease of interest to be estimated, relationships were observed of the general form (Dose rate) x (median)n = constant where n was about 2.3 for the first three relationships and about 1 for the last one (NDMA on liver cell tumors). By contrast, at doses sufficiently low for longevity to be nearly normal (median survival about 2.5 years), there remained no material dependence on the dose rate of the age distribution of the induced neoplasms. At these low dose rates, the number of liver (but not of esophageal) neoplasms induced by treatment was simply proportional to the dose rate. This finding is not surprising, since the background incidence of liver (but not of esophageal) neoplasms was appreciable. The linear relationship observed at low dose rates (below 1 ppm) suggests that under these experimental conditions, among rats allowed to liver their natural life span, a dose of 1 ppm of NDEA or NDMA in the drinking water will cause about 25% to develop a liver neoplasm, a dose of 0.1 ppm will cause about 2.5% to do so, and a dose of 0.01 ppm will cause about 0.25% to do so, etc., with no indication of any "threshold." (At these low dose rates, the incidence of liver neoplasms appears likely to exceed greatly that of esophageal neoplasms.) In addition, even quite low dose rates of the test agents caused a variety of nonneoplastic liver abnormalities (e.g., hyperplastic nodules, or shrinkage of hepatocytes) at a frequency roughly proportional to the dose rate.
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PMID:Effects on 4080 rats of chronic ingestion of N-nitrosodiethylamine or N-nitrosodimethylamine: a detailed dose-response study. 825 18

In this report, we evaluated and discussed the accuracy and the clinical problems involved in measurements of extravascular lung water volume (EVLW), using the thermal-sodium double indicator dilution technique. We measured EVLW in 2 groups, group I (normal cardiac function group) consisting of 20 patients with esophageal cancer, and group II (low cardiac function group) consisting of 27 patients with heart valvular disease. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the reproducibility (SDM/Average X 100) of measurements of Cardiac output (CO), MTT (Mean Transient Time), and EVLW. No correlation was found between circulatory parameters and the reproducibility of measurement of EVLW. So we assumed that cardiac function has no influence on the reproducibility of EVLW measurement. But the CO measured with EVLW catheter was significantly higher than that measured with Swan-Ganz catheter in group II. We thought that EVLW should be calculated using the CO measured with Swan-Ganz catheter in cases of low cardiac function. Infection, thromboembolism and bleeding after the insertion of the catheter, overload of water and sodium due to the injection of the indicator were thought to be complications of measurement of EVLW. But in our clinical cases there was no such complication.
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PMID:[Accuracy and clinical problems involved in the measurements of extravascular lung water, using the thermal-sodium double indicator dilution technique]. 202 75

In 27 operations on esophageal cancer, extra vascular lung water (EVLW) was used as pre- and postoperative parameter in the control of the respiratory function. The cases were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 6 cases with pulmonary complications and group II, 21 cases without them. The changes of EVLW and the circulatory and respiratory parameters were compared between 2 groups. Preoperative EVLWs were 5.56 +/- 0.67 ml/kg in group I and 5.76 +/- 0.41 ml/kg in group II. The immediate postoperative EVLWs were 6.65 +/- 1.90 ml/kg in group I and 4.86 +/- 0.31 ml/kg in group II, but the difference was insignificant. Beyond the 12th hour of the postoperative period there was no significant difference in the EVLW levels of groups I and II. In group II the immediate postoperative EVLW was significantly less than the preoperative value. Only 2 cases had pulmonary edema. The immediate postoperative EVLWs of these patients were extremely elevated as compared with the preoperative value. Many reports said EVLW correlated with colloid osmotic pressure-pulmonary wedge pressure gradient or PaO2, but in our cases EVLW did not correlate with any parameter. From these results, it was assumed EVLW was the good parameter for early diagnosis and management of pulmonary complication after surgery for esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[The change of extra vascular lung water volume in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer]. 205 77

The present study examined the influence of subtotal esophagectomy through r-thoracal and abdominal approach on plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and postoperative cardiopulmonary function using the Swan-Ganz Catheter in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. The cardiac output (CO), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide levels (ANP) were measured during the perioperative period till the 3rd day. Subjects were divided into 2 groups by preoperative PVR values, those over 100 dynes.sec.cm-5 (PVR group), and those less than 100 dynes.sec.cm-5 (N group). Significant correlations were observed between ANP and CO (r = -0.63, P = 0.028), PVR (r = 0.66, P = 0.018), LVSWI (r = -0.71, P = 0.0009) and SVR (r = 0.71, P = 0.009) at 3 hours after operation. And the correlations between ANP and CO (r = 0.54, P = 0.049), PVR (r = -0.69, P = 0.019) and LVSWI (r = 0.65, P = 0.031) were observed on the 2nd POD. Moreover, the patients indicating high PVR values preoperatively showed significantly higher PVR values than those seen in the N group during the postoperative days. Postoperative complications were significantly seen in the PVR group. Primary water and sodium balance tended to be the higher accumulation in the PVR group than those of the N group, and the cardiovascular parameters in the PVR group revealed hypodynamic characteristics in the early period after the operation. With these results, it is suggested that perioperative fluid therapy and respiratory management should be performed more strictly in the PVR group.
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PMID:[The correlation between plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide levels (ANP) and cardio-pulmonary function during the perioperative period of esophageal cancer]. 214 9

The Extra Vascular Lung Water (EVLW) was measured using the thermal sodium double indicator dilution technique in 21 patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer. This measurement is an important parameter in the control of the respiratory function. In the 16 cases without pulmonary complications, the preoperative EVLW was 5.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) ml/kg and the immediate postoperative EVLW was 4.8 +/- 0.4 ml/kg. This change was significant (p less than 0.05), but within 24 hours the EVLW returned to almost the same levels as those recorded before surgery. In only 3 cases, the EVLW were elevated beyond 7.5 ml/kg, but these high EVLW levels did not continue for more than 12 hours. Of the 5 patients with pulmonary complications, only two experienced pulmonary edema. Their preoperative EVLW levels were normal, but the immediate postoperative EVLW levels were significantly elevated beyond 10 ml/kg. These elevated levels were observed before the PaO2, the portable chest roentgenograms and the other test results changed following surgery. The high EVLW levels beyond 7.5 ml/kg continued for 72 hours after surgery. We found no correlation between the EVLW and measureable hemodynamic parameters (Cardiac Index, Pulmonary Wedge Pressure, Colloid Osmotic Pressure-Pulmonary Wedge Pressure gradient) during the observation period. In the other cases with pulmonary complications (2 cases were pneumonia, one was atelectasis with pneumonia), the changes in the EVLW levels were the same as for the cases without pulmonary complications. These results indicate that the EVLW is the optimum parameter for the control of the respiratory function and early diagnosis of pulmonary edema after surgery for esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[The measurement of extra vascular lung water using a thermal-sodium double indicator dilution technique in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer]. 228 95


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