Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0546837 (esophageal cancer)
 8,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This retrospective follow-up study evaluated the mortality experience of 4,323 men employed at a plant in Alabama (AL) that manufactures agricultural and other chemicals. On average, there were 18 years of follow-up per subject during the study period of 1951 to 1987. The observed numbers of deaths among cohort members were compared with the numbers expected on the basis of United States (US) and AL general population mortality rates. The all causes standardized mortality ratio (SMR), computed using US rates as the referent, was 97 (233 observed/240 expected deaths) for whites and 68 (47/69) for blacks. White subjects had more than expected deaths from buccal cavity and pharynx (BCP) cancer [SMR = 388; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 125-905] and from esophageal cancer (SMR = 417; 112-1,067). Their lung cancer mortality rate was 50% higher than the rate of US white men and 14% higher than the rate of AL white men. Each of these three cancers has strong nonoccupational determinants, the roles of which were not assessed and which may have been responsible in whole or in part for the observed increases. The excesses of lung and esophageal cancer were concentrated among short-term employees, an observation which also argues against a causal link with occupational factors. Black men experienced no increased mortality from BCP, esophageal or lung cancer, but results for blacks were imprecise. For white and black subjects combined, there were 3 observed versus 0.62 expected deaths due to soft tissue sarcoma (p = 0.05). The job histories of subjects with this type of cancer did not suggest any shared occupational exposure.
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PMID:A follow-up study of agricultural chemical production workers. 158 43

A new drug delivery system comprising activated carbon particles adsorbing anticancer drugs was developed. Activated carbon particles have affinity to the regional lymph-nodes and the tumor surface. When activated carbon particles adsorbing anticancer drug were administered into the tissues or serosal cavity, they remained for a long time at the site of application, and released the drug slowly. Activated carbon particles adsorbing mitomycin C (MMC-CH) were prepared for the use of an intracavitary administration. In animal experiment tissues, MMC-CH distributed a large amount of mitomycin C to the intraperitoneal tissues, while there was a low level of mitomycin C in the whole body. The LD50 value of MMC-CH was 5.3 times as high as that of mitomycin C aqueous solution. The therapeutic index (LD50/ED50) of the MMC-CH therapy was 3.1 times higher than that of the mitomycin C aqueous solution in Yoshida sarcoma ascites. Clinical trials of MMC-CH were performed in 81 patients with malignant effusion. Fifty-one of the 81 patients responded well. Activated carbon particles adsorbing peplomycin (PEP-CH) were prepared for chemotherapy against lymphatic metastasis. A high level of peplomycin was distributed to regional lymph nodes for a long time, when it was injected into the gastric wall of dogs. In animal experiments using MH 134 tumor, the therapeutic efficacy of PEP-CH on the lymphatic metastasis was greater than that of peplomycin aqueous solution. Clinical trials were carried out in 7 patients with esophageal cancer who did not undergo surgery. The local response rate was 85% and the survival time was 9.4 months in average including 5 survivors.
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PMID:[Targeting chemotherapy with activated carbon particles adsorbing anti-cancer drugs]. 245 77

Mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3F8E3 (IgG3k) was developed against the head and neck cancer cell line LICR-LON-HN2. Subjected to indirect immunofluorescence, the MAb reacted exclusively with SCC cell lines and showed no reactivity with normal or transformed mouse and human non-SCC cell lines and hematopoietic cell lines. The radiolabelled MAb showed an affinity constant of 1.8 x 10(8) M-1 with HN2 cells and identified 2.07 x 10(4) sites/cell by Scatchard analysis. It identified 2 peptides from membrane extracts of HN2 cells by Western blotting. Avidin-biotin-complexed immunoperoxidase staining on cryostat sections of tumors from various tissues revealed that 3F8E3 reacted mainly with the membrane antigens of well differentiated SCC cells of oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, lung, uterine cervix, metastatic nodes of patients with oral cancer, and dysplastic cells in oral leukoplakia. The MAb did not react with poorly differentiated cells of Ca esophagus, adenocarcinoma of breast, stomach and colon, renal-cell carcinoma and soft-tissue sarcoma.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody against human squamous-cell-carcinoma-associated antigen. 258 66

More than 1,900 patients of advanced and inoperable malignant tumor were treated with fast neutron radiotherapy using 30 MeV (d-Be) and 14 MeV (d-Be) beams at NIRS and IMS between 1975 and 1986. Protocols were largely nonrandomized. Some results have been obtained: 1) results with mixed beam studies for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix have been equivocal compared with the photon controls. 2) some trends of local control have been observed in the trial of esophageal cancer, early cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung and malignant melanoma. 3) significant better results were observed in the pancoast type lung cancer and osteo sarcoma which was treated by the systemic multimodal treatment. It is concluded that neutrons are efficacious for certain specific tumor types owing to some biological effects, however the problem of inferior dose distribution was the weakness of neutron therapy at present.
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PMID:[Present status of high LET radiation therapy--fast neutron radiotherapy in Japan]. 312 93

The concentration in plasma of 15 fasting amino acids were measured in 14 control volunteers and 55 cancer patients. In addition, 16 patients (7 with, 9 without total parenteral nutrition [TPN] ) with metastatic sarcoma had sequential amino acid profiles measured during 6 weeks of ablative chemotherapy. In four cancer patient groups (lymphoma, sarcoma, osteosarcoma and metastatic sarcoma) with no or minimal weight loss, most plasma amino acid levels were similar to controls. Proline levels were significantly reduced in the lymphoma and sarcoma patients. Esophageal cancer patients with 20% body weight loss had a marked reduction in total and individual amino acid levels (except branched chain amino acids) compared to controls and all others. The metastatic sarcoma patients who received parenteral nutrition had higher levels of plasma lysine and tyrosine during chemotherapy than controls; however, TPN failed to change the majority of amino acid levels. It appears that plasma amino acid levels except proline were well maintained in cancer patients without weight loss. Esophageal cancer patients with weight loss demonstrated marked reduction in all circulating amino acids except branched chain. Parenteral nutrition did not significantly alter the amino acid profile of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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PMID:Fasting plasma amino acid levels in cancer patients. 392 95

AT1727 is a derivative of ICRF 154. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its "radiosensitizer" properties. From October 1979 until the end of December 1980, 89 patients with radiation resistant cancers such as soft tissue sarcoma, squamous lung cancer (with large lesion, 6-8 cm diameter) and other cancers had been included in trial. Radiation therapy was carried out using CO60 or 8 Mev Linac. Fifty-five patients had a remarkable objective remission rate of 61.8% (55/89). Eighteen of 30 patients with soft tissue sarcomas obtained obvious remission (60%), and 26 of 38 patients with lung cancer had remission (68.4%). Patients with esophageal cancer (5/6) and nasopharyngeal cancer (5/5) also had good remission rates. The side-effects of this treatment were very mild: anorexia and vomiting were noted in 50% and no significant changes were noted in liver and kidney function tests and blood platelet count. Leucopenia was slight in all but one patient. No difference in the lung fibrosis rate was noted between the two randomized groups. From the results of this study we concluded that AT1727 had some effect as a "radiosensitizer" but much more work is needed to confirm this.
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PMID:Preliminary report on AT1727 as a potential radiosensitizer. 639 23

Previously, we identified an amplified gene in a stomach cancer cell line, KATO-III, and designated it K-sam. This gene was later found to be identical with a gene for a receptor tyrosine kinase, bek/FGFR2. One of the characteristics of the K-sam gene is structural diversity of its transcripts; K-sam complementary DNA (cDNA) cloned from human brain (K-sam-I) has a completely different sequence at the third extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain as compared to that of the K-sam cDNA derived from KATO-III cells (K-sam-II). Recent study has revealed that this difference signifies a differential ligand affinity; the receptor encoded by the K-sam-I cDNA has a high affinity for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), while the K-sam-II cDNA corresponds to a receptor with the high affinity for keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and RNA blot analysis showed that the K-sam-II-type transcript was present in carcinoma cell lines but not in any of the sarcoma cell lines examined. The K-sam-I-type transcript was expressed in both carcinoma and sarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, KGF enhanced the DNA synthesis of the esophageal cancer cells, TE-1, in a dose-dependent manner, while the effect of bFGF was not substantial. In contrast, the glioblastoma cell line, A-172, that expressed the bFGF receptor showed a mitogenic response to bFGF but not to KGF. These data suggest that KGF is a growth factor used preferentially in cancer cells, and this preference is based on the presence of the K-sam-II-type receptor in carcinoma cells but not in sarcoma cells due to alternative splicing.
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PMID:Preferential expression of the third immunoglobulin-like domain of K-sam product provides keratinocyte growth factor-dependent growth in carcinoma cell lines. 827 90

Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) is a nucleoside analog with antitumor activity against a variety of malignancies. The critical enzyme cytidine kinase is saturated at plasma concentrations achieved after a 30-min infusion at conventional doses. Prolonged infusion time may yield higher intracellular dFdCTP concentrations. A phase I study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of gemcitabine, given by infusion for 3 h, in heavily pretreated patients. Twenty-seven patients (13 head and neck cancer, seven sarcoma, three esophageal cancer, three non-small-cell lung cancer and one ovarian cancer) were enrolled. Twenty patients were defined as refractory at first- or second-line chemotherapy. Four different entry dose levels (300, 400, 450 and 500 mg/m(2)) were evaluated for gemcitabine administered on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The MTD was defined as 450 mg/m(2), with granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and asthenia being dose limiting. The maximum grade III/IV patient toxicities for hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils and platelets for all doses were 7, 19, 19 and 11%, respectively. Non-hematological toxicities included asthenia, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea. Thus, gemcitabine administered at a fixed 3-h infusion was well tolerated up to 450 mg/m(2) in heavily pretreated patients. Myelosupression and asthenia were dose-limiting toxicities.
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PMID:Phase I trial of weekly gemcitabine at 3-h infusion in refractory, heavily pretreated advanced solid tumors. 1159 51

The screening of cDNA expression libraries from human tumors with serum antibody (SEREX) has proven to be a powerful method for identifying the repertoire of tumor antigens recognized by the immune system of cancer patients, referred to as the cancer immunome. In this regard, cancer/testis (CT) antigens are of particular interest because of their immunogenicity and restricted expression patterns. Synoivial sarcomas are striking with regard to CT antigen expression, with >80% of specimens homogeneously expressing NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3. In the present study, 54 sarcoma patients were tested for serum antibodies to NY-ESO-1, SSX2, MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A10, CT7, and CT10. Two patients had detectable antibodies to CT antigens, and this seroreactivity was restricted to NY-ESO-1. Thus, although highly expressed in sarcoma, CT antigens do not induce frequent humoral immune responses in sarcoma patients. Sera from these two patients were used to immunoscreen cDNA libraries from two synovial sarcoma cell lines and normal testis, resulting in the identification of 113 distinct antigens. Thirty-nine antigens were previously identified by SEREX analysis of other tumor types, and 2339 antigens (59%) had a serological profile that was not restricted to cancer patients, indicating that only a proportion of SEREX-defined antigens are cancer-related. A novel CT antigen, NY-SAR-35, mapping to chromosome Xq28 was identified among the cancer-related antigens, and encodes a putative extracellular protein. In addition to testis-restricted expression, NY-SAR-35 mRNA was expressed in sarcoma, melanoma, esophageal cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. NY-SAR-35 is therefore a potential target for cancer vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapies.
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PMID:Immunomic analysis of human sarcoma. 1260 Nov 73

Proton beam therapy (PBT) makes it possible to deliver a higher concentration of radiation to the tumor by its Bragg-peak, and is easy to utilize due to its identical biological characteristics with X-rays. PBT has a half-century history, and more than 35,000 patients have been reported as having had treatments with proton beams worldwide. The historic change to this therapy occurred in the 1990s, when the Loma Linda University Medical Center began clinical activity as the first hospital in the world to utilize a medically dedicated proton therapy facility. Since then, similar hospital-based medically dedicated facilities have been constructed. Results from around the world have shown the therapeutic superiority of PBT over alternative treatment options for ocular melanoma, skull base sarcoma, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and prostate cancer. PBT is expected to achieve further advancement both clinically and technologically.
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PMID:[Heavy charged particle radiotherapy--proton beam]. 1471 61


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