Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0546837 (esophageal cancer)
 8,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal cancers was evaluated in patients seen at Johns Hopkins University Hospital. Frozen esophageal tumor tissues from 22 cases with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 24 cases with adenocarcinoma (AC), diagnosed between 1988 and 1998, were assayed for HPV sequences by reverse line blot polymerase chain reaction. HPV sequences (HPV-54) were detected in a single specimen; the other 45 specimens were negative. The HPV sequences in the positive specimen may represent infection of the epithelium. Our results suggest that genital HPVs may sometimes infect the esophagus, but there is no evidence to indicate that these infections contribute substantially to the development of esophageal cancer in North America.
Dis Esophagus 2000
PMID:Investigation of the association of esophageal carcinoma with human papillomaviruses. 1460 2

We examined lymph node metastasis clinicopathologically in 236 cases of superficial cancer (T1, Tis) of the thoracic esophagus surgically resected at our department without adjuvant treatment. Mucosal cancer was observed in 112 cases (47%) and submucosal cancer in 124 cases (53%). Lymph node metastasis was present in 3% of mucosal cancer cases and 41% of submucosal cancer cases. By the recent pathologic subclassification of the extent of the cancerous invasion in superficial esophageal cancer, mucosal cancer and submucosal cancer were each divided into three subtypes according to the extent of invasion, i.e. m1, m2, m3, sm1, sm2 and sm3 cancers. There was no case of lymph node metastasis in m1 and m2 cases, but it was observed in 8% of m3 cases, in 11% of sm1 cases, in 30% of sm2 cases and in 61% of sm3 cases. The number of involved nodes was three or less in m3 and sm1 cases, however four or more involved nodes were observed in 14% of sm2 cases and in 24% of sm3 cases. Positive lymph nodes were found only in the mediastinum in m3 and sm1 cases. On the contrary, they were found extensively in the mediastinum, the abdomen and the neck and in two or more regions in 27% of sm2 cases and in 38% of sm3 cases. Considering the location of positive nodes, the recurrent nerve lymph nodes were most frequently involved, followed by the cardiac lymph nodes. A similar tendency was observed in cases with single node metastasis. The 5-year survival rate of cases from m1 to sm1 was similar. That of sm3 cases was significantly worse than that of other groups. Based on the clinical results, the therapeutic guidelines for superficial cancer of the thoracic esophagus are considered to be as follows: (i) in m1 and m2 cancer, endoscopic mucosal resection is generally indicated in principle, although transhiatal esophagectomy may be indicated in some cases; (ii) in m3 and sm1 cancer, endoscopic mucosal resection is performed initially, then subsequent treatment is selected if necessary; (iii) in sm2 and sm3 cancer, conventional transthoracic esophagectomy with systematic lymph node dissection is indicated.
Dis Esophagus 2000
PMID:Clinicopathologic analysis of lymph node metastasis in surgically resected superficial cancer of the thoracic esophagus. 1460 3

Between February 1993 and September 2000, 320 patients with esophageal cancer were referred to our oesophagogastric unit. One hundred and thirty-three consecutive patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the esophagus were assessed with a view to resection using multiport staging laparoscopy. Multiport staging laparoscopy was performed as a short stay/day case procedure in 133 patients with esophageal and oesophagogastric junctional carcinoma. Multiple ports were used to inspect the liver, omentum, peritoneal surfaces, coeliac/left gastric lymph nodes and obtain biopsies and cytology. Satisfactory assessment was possible in 127 cases (95%). Laparoscopy detected incurable disease in 31 patients (24%), some of whom had more than one contraindication to surgery, including hepatic metastases (n = 10), peritoneal metastases (n = 12) and malignant small volume ascites (n = 5). Lymph node metastases were confirmed histologically by biopsy at laparoscopy in 26 patients (fixed nodes, n = 14; mobile nodes, n = 12). Sensitivity for the detection of liver and peritoneal metastases was 100%, and lymph node metastases were 83%. Specificity for detection of hepatic metastases was 99%, 100% for peritoneal metastases and 82% for lymph node metastases. Ninety-nine patients proceeded to definitive surgery and only two were unresectable. Multiport laparoscopic assessment of metastases in patients with esophageal carcinoma avoids unnecessary surgery and allows for more efficient use of theatre and intensive care time.
Dis Esophagus 2003
PMID:Multiport staging laparoscopy in esophageal and cardiac carcinoma. 1464 Dec 92

We evaluated the clinicopathologic significance of p53 gene mutations, including a comparison of DNA analysis and immunohistochemical examination, in Japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a highly aggressive cancer. Genomic DNA isolated from 76 tumors without preoperative treatment was subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Associations were sought between p53 mutations and clinicopathologic characteristics. Cases also were investigated immunohistochemically to detect abnormal p53 protein accumulation. Overexpression of p53 protein occurred in 51 cases (67.1%), while gene mutations in the examined exons were found in only 14 (18.4%). By multivariate analysis, p53 mutation predicted detection of eight or more lymph node metastases. Mutations of the p53 gene may not only participate in the initiation of esophageal cancer, but also may promote lymph node metastasis. Unlike gene mutations, p53 protein overexpression did not predict nodal metastasis extent.
Dis Esophagus 2003
PMID:Mutation of the p53 gene predicts lymph node metastases in Japanese patients with esophageal carcinoma: DNA and immunohistochemical analyses. 1464 Dec 93

Spontaneous rupture of major vessels is a known though rare complication in treatment of patients with esophageal cancer, but its pathophysiology is not very well understood. We herein report about the sudden death of a 42-year-old man due to spontaneous aortic rupture, 11 days after transthoracic esophagectomy. Because of a locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the distal esophagus, which was considered irresectable at the time of presentation, the patient had received one course of chemotherapy followed by synchronous chemoradiation (60 Gy, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin) prior to surgery. We discuss the patho-anatomic findings of the postmortem examination concerning alterations of the aortic wall and the potential correlations with aggressive radiochemotherapy protocols.
Dis Esophagus 2003
PMID:Delayed aortic rupture after radiochemotherapy and esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. 1464 3

Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition in which normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by metaplastic columnar epithelium. It is a known risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. With the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma rising, it is reasonable to study Barrett's esophagus as a potential target for therapy that may prevent, delay and/or reverse ongoing tumorigenic processes. Epidemiologic and animal studies support the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the chemoprevention of several cancers, including esophageal cancer. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are a new class of NSAIDs that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by selectively blocking the COX-2 enzyme. The COX-2 enzyme has been reported to be over-expressed in premalignant and malignant states, including in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The Chemoprevention for Barrett's Esophagus Trial (CBET) is a phase IIb, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of the selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, in patients with Barrett's dysplasia. The sample size is 200 patients with high or low grade Barrett's dysplasia. Celecoxib is administered orally, 200 mg twice per day; the dosing schedule for placebo is the same. Randomization is stratified by dysplasia grade and by clinic. Endoscopy with biopsies is performed at specified time intervals according to the highest grade of dysplasia determined at randomization. The primary outcome measure is the change from baseline to 1 year in the proportion of biopsies exhibiting dysplasia. Secondary outcomes include change from baseline in the maximal grade, extent and surface area of dysplasia. Tertiary outcomes will include measurements of various relevant biomarkers.
Dis Esophagus 2003
PMID:Chemoprevention for Barrett's esophagus trial. Design and outcome measures. 1464 6

Esophagectomy is the main option for treatment of esophageal cancer. Among the subjects of surgical interest is the use of anterior versus posterior mediastinum to permit reconstruction of the alimentary tract. We performed postmortem measurements in order to analyze the lengths of both routes. For each route (anterior and posterior) we performed two measurements. The first one was called anatomical route and the second was named as surgical route. Both routes begin at the cricoid cartilage. The anatomical route goes to the celiac axis and the surgical route goes to the gastroduodenal artery. Our results show that in both routes the posterior mediastinum is a shorter way to reach the cervical region.
Dis Esophagus 2003
PMID:Comparative anatomical study of the anterior and posterior mediastinum as access routes after esophagectomy. 1464 16

Since the introduction of recent improvements in adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer, some patients have demonstrated good prognosis. In the present study, we analyzed 3- and 5-year survivors of advanced esophageal cancer who did not undergo any surgical treatment. Between 1990 and 1998, 831 patients were admitted to 14 university hospitals and one cancer center associated with the membership of the Kyushu study group for adjuvant therapy of esophageal cancer. Twelve (1.4%) of the patients were 3-year survivors and 13 (1.6%) were 5-year survivors. The reasons for non-operation were refusal (eight patients), tumor-related factors (11 patients), and host-related factors (six patients). With a single exception, all patients had locally advanced tumors. Almost all long-term survivors had fewer than five lymph node metastases, in regions limited to the neck and/or mediastinum. Radiation therapy was combined with chemotherapy for 16 of the 25 patients, and chemotherapy-based cisplatin was used for 15 of these 16 patients. Fifteen of the patients remain alive; 10 died seven of them from esophageal cancer. Chemoradiation therapy was effective for some patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, particularly in the absence of or with few lymph node metastases. To improve the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer who, for various causes, cannot undergo surgical treatment, a new protocol for adjuvant therapy is required.
Dis Esophagus 2003
PMID:Long-term survivors of advanced esophageal cancer without surgical treatment: a multicenter questionnaire survey in Kyushu, Japan. 1464 17

Esophageal cancer and cancer of the gastric cardia, in particular adenocarcinomas, have shown a rapid and largely unexplained increase in incidence in many developed countries around the world. These diseases have a poor prognosis and current therapies have a modest impact on survival. This review presents recent advances in the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, staging, prevention and treatment of resectable and advanced disease. Although significant progress has been made in these areas of research and patient management over the past years, prognosis for most patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer or cancer of the gastric cardia remains poor. New diagnostic procedures, improved surgical procedures, combined treatment modalities and new treatment modalities are being evaluated and may be expected to contribute to improved patient outcomes and better palliation of symptoms in the future.
Dis Esophagus 2004
PMID:Cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia: recent advances. 1520 36

The aims of this study were to prospectively evaluate gastric function in esophageal cancer patients after chemoradiotherapy and following surgery, using cutaneous electrogastrography (EGG). Twenty-three patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were recruited to the study. A subset of patients (n = 11) underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and were also studied at 14 days after treatment. All patients underwent EGG studies prior to and following surgery, at 3 months postoperatively. Ten of these patients were also studied at medians of 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Twenty normal volunteers were used as controls. Post-operative EGG studies were monitored with a modified technique; the electrodes being placed in the subscapular region in the area of the transposed stomach. Following neoadjuvant treatment there was a significant increase in abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity involving changes in tachygastrias and decreased motility as measured by power ratio. Post-operatively there was a significant increase in bradygastria which persisted at 6 months but not at 12 months. There was a corresponding decrease in normogastria which persisted at 6 months and to a lesser extent at 12 months. Dominant frequency remained significantly depressed at 3, 6 and 12 months. Gastric myoelectrical activity is normal in untreated esophageal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy causes a disruption to normal myoelectrical activity involving reduced motility and tachygastrias. Surgery causes a depression in dominant frequency with a reduced incidence of normogastria at 3 months and 6 months but with a tendency towards normality at 12 months.
Dis Esophagus 2004
PMID:Gastric myoelectrical activity post-chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy: a prospective study using subscapular surface recording. 1520 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>