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Query: UMLS:C0546837 (esophageal cancer)
 8,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sex and racial predilection, social history, and histology were analyzed in a biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus/esophagogastric junction collected over a 5-year period in two teaching institutions with different patient populations. Adenocarcinoma occurred in 11% of patients with biopsy-proven esophageal cancer. The disease occurred only in males at one center, and in a 7:1 ratio of males to females at the other center. Clear racial predilection was seen, since 12 of 13 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were white, whereas less than 20% of patients with squamous carcinoma of the esophagus were white. The finding of Barrett's epithelium in eight of the 13 cases strongly supports the theory that in white males, Barrett's epithelium is a precursor lesion of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus/esophagogastric junction.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus. A disease primarily of white men with Barrett's esophagus. 380 55

Autopsy findings for 231 cases of carcinoma of the esophagus are presented. Cases with tumour resection constituted 57% of the series. Residual malignancy was present in 81% of all cases. Local residual or recurrent tumour was found in 53%, lymph node metastases in 65% and visceral metastases in 54% of cases. Intrathoracic lymph node metastases were present in 41% of patients after tumour resection and were probably significant in the failure of radical surgery. Adequate clearance of intrathoracic lymph nodes during radical surgery may reduce the incidence of tumour recurrence in this group of patients. Survival was poor in patients with or without resection of the primary tumour. Less than 12% were alive 1 yr after presentation. The average duration of dysphagia at presentation was 2.5 mth. The poor survival of our patients suggests that, by the time they presented clinically, the disease was already advanced. Early disease detection is important for a chance of cure in patients with esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the esophagus. An autopsy study of 231 cases. 382 18

Out of a total of 250 resections for carcinoma of the esophagus done in our department between 1965 and 1983, there were 11 patients with a concurrent esophageal cancer, nine being gastric cancer and seven of them early gastric cancer. In these nine, four underwent resection of the esophagus and lesser curvature of the stomach with gastric tube reconstruction. Two of the four patients are alive 10 and 3 yr postoperatively. We hold the view that detailed preoperative gastric examination is most important to plan the surgical repair and that the small gastric tube may serve as a substitute by resecting the lesser curvature of the stomach in cases of early proximal gastric cancer.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of concurrent cancer of the esophagus and stomach. 397 43

"Blunt" transhiatal esophagectomy was performed in 23 selected patients. Nineteen had squamous carcinoma of the esophagus (upper third, 1; middle third, 12; distal third, 6), and 2 had adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. The other 2 patients had severe lye strictures. Resection with reconstruction was performed in one stage. Esophagogastric continuity was restored using the stomach in the posterior mediastinal position in 20 patients and in the substernal position in 2. The colon in the posterior mediastinal position was used in 1 patient with a lye stricture. Transmural tumor extension or cervical or celiac nodal metastases or both were present in 18 of 21 patients with carcinoma. There was 1 hospital death due to pericardial tamponade. Morbidity included a transient cervical anastomotic leak in 3 patients, one temporary and three permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies, one intraoperative splenic injury, and severe hemorrhage requiring sternotomy for control in 1 patient. Pulmonary complications occurred in 4 patients: aspiration pneumonia (1) and moderate atelectasis (3). Three patients have died (11, 12, and 17 months postoperatively) in the group with cancer, with follow-up time of 3 to 30 months (mean, 15 months). Transhiatal blunt esophagectomy is a safe and effective procedure in many patients with either esophageal cancer or extensive, benign esophageal strictures.
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PMID:Transhiatal (blunt) esophagectomy for malignant and benign esophageal disease: clinical experience and technique. 405 15

A prospective study was undertaken to define the usefulness of conventional full-lung linear tomography, radionuclide liver plus spleen and bone scans, and thoracic and abdominal computed tomography for the preoperative staging of carcinoma of the esophagus. Thirty-three patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were studied. The computed tomographic (CT) scan of the thorax and upper abdomen was the single most accurate noninvasive study. With computed tomography, the relationship of the tumor to the tracheobronchial tree was the feature most useful in predicting local resectability. In all patients with the finding of tracheobronchial compression by the tumor, the tumor could not be resected completely. The predictive value of this CT finding in patients with locally unresectable tumor was high (0.83), indicating its usefulness in assessing unresectability. The CT finding of visible separation between tumor mass and tracheobronchial tree was present in 10 of 14 patients with locally resectable tumor (predictive value, 0.63). However, tumor abutting the tracheobronchial tree without compression was a poor predictor of unresectability (predictive value, 0.36). The radionuclide bone scan was the only other noninvasive study to demonstrate a metastasis not evident by CT scan. The combination of chest and abdominal CT scan, bone scan, and bronchoscopy before operation will accurately stage the majority of patients with esophageal cancer but no noninvasive test is of sufficient reliability to exclude patients from operative resection if otherwise indicated.
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PMID:Evaluation of noninvasive tests for the preoperative staging of carcinoma of the esophagus: a prospective study. 407 4

The Japanese Society for Esophageal Cancer has defined mucosal and submucosal cancer as superficial cancer of the esophagus. Superficial cancer without metastasis was defined as early cancer of the esophagus. Of 104 cases of superficial cancer resected in these twenty years, early cancer was 62 cases, the incidence being 4.9% of all resected cases. The operative mortality rate and 5-year-survival rate of early cancer were 1.9% and 62%, respectively. As for the depth of the cancerous invasion, 14 of 104 superficial cancer cases were mucosal cancer. Twelve of 14 mucosal cancer belonged to early cancer. Vascular invasion was noted in one of 12 early mucosal cancer cases. No cancer death has been encountered in the early mucosal cancer cases. So the discovery of the mucosal cancer is mandatory to obtain the excellent results. For this purpose the value of endoscopy including the dying method, should be emphasized. In terms of treatment of the early cancer no special surgical procedure has been considered. The lymph node dissection has been carried out systematically. Some kinds of postoperative combined treatments are performed for early cancer cases with vascular invasion. The reduction surgery and the noninvasive treatment will be advisable for the small mucosal lesions.
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PMID:[A few important aspects in the treatment of early esophageal cancer]. 408 12

With the aim of reducing the side-effects in the surrounding healthy tissues, and/or improving the local control rate, radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy has been used to treat carcinoma of the esophagus, of the tongue, and of the paranasal sinuses. In the treatment of esophageal cancer, a dose of bleomycin too small to demonstrate clinical activity on its own is shown to potentiate the action of radiation with an enhancement ratio lying between 1.3 and 1.7 (Table 1). From the concept of 'therapeutic ratio' a 'two-phase' treatment modality (Table 2) was proposed, because many anticancer drugs or radiosensitizers available today influence not only the tumor tissue but also the surrounding healthy tissues. 'Two-phase' treatment was applied to cancer of the tongue (Table 3) and to cancer of the paranasal sinuses (Table 4). The appearance of the chronical complications such as the osteoradionecrosis of the mandible and the cataract of the lens could be prevented by the use of bleomycin or BUdR combined with radiotherapy.
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PMID:Clinical significance of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. 615 45

The incidence of carcinoma of the esophagus is 1:10,000 for males. Esophageal carcinoma occurs less frequently in females. Tracheoesophageal fistula may occur as a complication of esophageal cancer. In this report, a brother and sister are presented who, although six years different in age, developed malignant tracheoesophageal fistulas within one month of each other. The probability of this occurring coincidentally is less than one in five hundred million. Each sibling had a different form of palliation with markedly different results. The first patient was treated with a Celestin tube which never provided good palliation. He suffered a rapid and miserable decline and death. The second patient was treated with substernal esophageal bypass using the stomach and exclusion of the thoracic esophagus. She has since undergone irradiation to the area of the fistula. She remains alive and well, physically active and eating a regular diet 23 months after surgery.
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PMID:Malignant tracheoesophageal fistula in two siblings. A coincidence? 618 65

The mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture reaction (MLTR) using autochthonous peripheral and lymph node lymphocytes was performed on 21 patients with esophageal cancer. Ten of 16 cases (62%) in peripheral lymphocytes and 9 of 16 cases (56%) in the lymph node lymphocytes showed positive reaction. There was no correlation between stimulation index (SI) and the degree of lymph node metastasis which is one of the determinants of clinical stage (Guide Lines for the Clinical and Pathologic Studies on Carcinoma of the Esophagus, 1976). Many cases showed positive reaction in MLTR even if their tumors were at advanced stage. SI of MLTR on the patients who died of a relapse in a short time within one year after operation was found to be low levels. There was no remarkable correlation between MLTR and PPD skin reaction. The results of MLTR were compared with histologic differentiation grades of tumor tissues; intraepithelial spread, vascular invasion, sinus histiocytosis of the regional lymph nodes, and follicular hyperplasia of the regional lymph nodes. There was a minor correlation between the results of MLTR and sinus histiocytosis of the regional lymph nodes, and follicular hyperplasia of the regional lymph nodes. There was a minor correlation between the results of MLTR and sinus histioction. The results of MLTR were compared with histologic differentiation grades of tumor tissues; intraepithelial spread, vascular invasion, sinus histiocytosis of the regional lymph nodes, and follicular hyperplasia of the regional lymph nodes. There was a minor correlation between the results of MLTR and sinus histiocytosis of the regional lymph nodes.
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PMID:Correlation between the mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture reaction (MLTR) and some histological characteristics in esophageal cancer. 645 Oct 54

A study was undertaken to demonstrate the safety, efficacy and value of esophageal balloon cytology in the diagnosis of esophageal lesions and as a tool in screening a high-risk patient population. The sampling was performed 110 times on 96 patients, 11 with known obstructive carcinoma of the esophagus and 85 thought to be at risk for esophageal cancer: 74 with treated or untreated cancer of the head and neck area and 11 with dysphagia or other findings requiring clarification. The method was well tolerated by the patients, and the cytologic smears were of excellent quality. Malignant or suspicious cells were found in smears from 7 to 11 patients with documented esophageal cancer and in 7 of 85 patients believed to be at risk. In the latter group there were three unsuspected recurrent cancers of the oropharyngeal region and one unsuspected carcinoma in situ of the esophagus. There were no false-suspicious or false-positive results. This noninvasive technique of esophageal cytology obviously deserves additional trials as an adjunct in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the head and neck and upper gastrointestinal tract, especially in high-risk patients.
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PMID:Use of the esophageal balloon in the diagnosis of carcinomas of the head, neck and upper gastrointestinal tract. 658 46


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